CN112080178A - 一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料、涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料、涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可见光响应抗污抗菌涂料、涂层及其制备方法。该涂料的组分中包括光催化材料、成膜剂和亲水性溶剂。所述的涂层为由该涂料涂覆在物体外部表面并固化形成的一层抗污抗菌涂层,光催化材料为采用一步水热法制备的纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料,纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料与成膜剂和亲水性溶剂均匀混合制备成可见光响应抗污抗菌涂料。可见光响应抗污抗菌涂料的涂层的制备方法为将制得的可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料以喷涂、淋涂、旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、浸涂或铸膜方式涂覆在物体表面,在室温下固化形成可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化涂料领域,特别是一种能在可见光下响应的抗污抗菌涂料、及该涂料的涂层,具体地说是一种可见光响应抗污抗菌涂料、涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代社会人们生活水平的提高,抗污抗菌涂料及涂层材料的需求进一步提升。涂料抗污原理通常为以下三种之一或其中二者的结合:1. 涂层表面疏水,较低的表面能使油污及灰尘等难以附着;2. 涂层表面亲水,利于雨水冲洗;3. 采用光催化材料,在光照下分解涂层表面污物。
固体光催化材料又称光触媒,在光照下会生成光生电子和光生空穴,进而与环境中的水汽反应得到具有强氧化性的超氧自由基、羟基自由基等,可用于分解有机化合物、部分无机化合物、细菌和病毒等。自1972年Fujishima和Honda在《Science》杂志发文报道了使用TiO2电极进行光电催化裂解水反应后,对TiO2和其他具有光催化功能的半导体的研究迅速成为热点。近十年来,各种光催化微/纳米结构半导体材料及其复合材料应用于染料降解、重金属离子还原、挥发性有机物(VOCs)去除、抗菌、消毒等领域的研究方兴未艾,但仍存在如下几个主要问题:1.以TiO2和ZnO为代表的主流光催化材料吸收主要在紫外波段,对太阳光利用效率较低,在室内可见光下难以发挥效果;2. 用于水质净化时,粉末状材料光催化效率最高,但难以回收利用;3. 吸收波长在可见光区的半导体材料带隙通常较窄,其光生载流子复合迅速,光催化效率低。
硫化铋(Bi2S3)是室温下禁带宽度为1.2~1.7 eV的直接带隙半导体材料,具有无毒、稳定、环境友好、吸收波段广、本征光电导、光伏转换等一系列优良性能,可以通过改变合成条件制备出棒状、管状、花状、线状甚至量子点等不同纳米结构,从而调节其性能。但单纯硫化铋材料光生载流子复合速度较快,因此常常加入另一种导电性良好的材料进行复合,利于载流子迁移,从而提高其光催化效率。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术的现状,提供可见光响应抗污抗菌涂料、涂层及其制备方法,该涂料及该涂料形成的涂层在可见光照射下就能有效地分解染料、杀灭细菌,达到快速、持久的抗污抗菌效果。其制备方法简单高效,并且操作容易。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,该涂料的成分按重量份计包括光催化材料0.1~10份、成膜剂19.9~95份、亲水性溶剂1~80份。所述
为优化上述技术方案,采取的具体措施还包括:
上述的光催化材料为采用一步水热法制备的纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料。
上述的成膜剂是Nafion乙醇溶液或水性丙烯酸酯乳液中的至少一种,该成膜剂的浓度或固含量为0.01%~60%。
上述的亲水性溶液是乙醇或水。
本发明还提供了一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)、将碳基材料、含铋前驱体、含硫前驱体以及表面活性剂溶于去离子水中制得分散液,并将该分散液的pH值调节至4~10;
b)、将步骤a中制得的分散液加热反应,反应完全后,冷却至室温并进行离心或冷冻干燥后再处理,制得纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料;
c)、采用超声、搅拌或振荡中的至少一种方法将步骤b中制得的纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料与成膜剂、亲水性溶剂均匀混合,制得可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料。
上述的碳基材料为氧化石墨烯、石墨烯或活性炭中的至少一种;所述的含铋前驱体为硝酸铋或乙酸铋;所述的含硫前驱体为L-半胱氨酸;所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵;所述的碳基材料的用量为0.01~10 mg/mL,含铋前驱体与含硫前驱体的摩尔比为0.1:1~10:1,表面活性剂的用量为2~200 mmol/L。
上述的步骤b中的反应温度为90℃~300℃,反应时间为0.2 ~60 h。
上述的步骤b中的离心处理的速度至少为8000 r/min,冷冻干燥处理的时间至少为8 h;并且离心或冷冻干燥处理后选择用乙醇或水进行清洗产物。
本发明还公开了一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层,该涂层由可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料涂覆在物体内部及外部表面并固化形成的一层抗污抗菌膜层,即抗污抗菌涂层,抗污抗菌涂层的水滴接触角小于40°,透光率大于60%。
制备涂层的涂覆方法为:喷涂、淋涂、旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、浸涂或铸膜中的一种或多种的组合,涂层的固化温度为−100℃~300℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的涂料由光催化材料、成膜剂和亲水性溶剂按一定比例混合制备而成;光催化材料为采用成本低廉、环境友好的一步水热法制备的稳定无毒的光催化硫化铋/碳基复合材料,制备的涂料可为物体表面提供抗污抗菌的涂层。该涂层响应范围为可见光,能在室内使用;对染料光催化降解能力强;杀菌效果快速、高效;涂层的亲水特性能使水在其表面形成透明水膜,抑制水雾生成。该涂层同时具备抗污、抗菌、亲水等效果,有望应用于电子设备触摸屏等领域。
附图说明
图1本发明的硫化铋/碳基复合材料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片;
图2是本发明的硫化铋/碳基复合材料不同时长光催化降解罗丹明B染料的照片;
图3是单纯硫化铋(Bi2S3)和本发明硫化铋/活性炭复合材料(Bi2S3/AC)和硫化铋/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(Bi2S3/rGO)光催化降解罗丹明B的降解效率曲线;
图4为可见光照射下用0.5 mg/ml 单纯硫化铋(Bi2S3)及本发明硫化铋/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(Bi2S3/rGO)对大肠杆菌进行的光催化灭活实验效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述,但是此说明不会构成对本发明的限制。
首先对附图做出详细说明:
图1本发明的硫化铋/碳基复合材料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片。其中:a为本发明硫化铋/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(Bi2S3/rGO)的高倍SEM照片;b为本发明硫化铋/活性炭复合材料(Bi2S3/AC)的高倍SEM照片。
图2是本发明的硫化铋/碳基复合材料不同时长光催化降解罗丹明B染料的照片。具体方法为,称量20 mg硫化铋/碳基复合材料分散在50 mL浓度为1×10-5mol/L的罗丹明B水水溶液中,暗反应30 min;将溶液置于氙灯光源前方10cm左右处,以波长>400 nm可见光照射,每间隔10min取一定量溶液进行离心分离,取上层清液拍照,颜色越接近无色说明染料降解越完全。其中:a为本发明硫化铋/活性炭复合材料(Bi2S3/AC)不同时长光催化降解罗丹明B染料照片;b为本发明硫化铋/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(Bi2S3/rGO)不同时长光催化降解罗丹明B染料照片。
图3是单纯硫化铋(Bi2S3)和本发明硫化铋/活性炭复合材料(Bi2S3/AC)和硫化铋/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(Bi2S3/rGO)光催化降解罗丹明B的降解效率曲线;具体方法为,称量20 mg光催化材料分散在50 mL浓度为1×10-5mol/L的罗丹明B水溶液中,暗反应30 min;将溶液置于氙灯光源前方10cm左右处,以波长>400 nm可见光照射,每间隔10min取一定量溶液进行离心分离,取上层清液在波长为550nm处以分光光度计测量其吸光度。降解效果以某时刻吸光度/暗反应前吸光度比值(c/c0)表示,比值越低说明降解效率越高。
图4为可见光照射下用0.5 mg/ml 单纯硫化铋(Bi2S3)及本发明硫化铋/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(Bi2S3/rGO)对大肠杆菌进行的光催化灭活实验效果;具体方法为,称量25mg硫化铋/碳基复合材料分散在50 mL 菌群浓度约为30000 CFU/mL的大肠杆菌悬浮液中,将溶液置于氙灯光源前方10cm左右处,以波长>400 nm可见光照射,每间隔20min取1 mL溶液,将其稀释10倍,从中抽取稀释后的100 μL溶液铺展在营养琼脂平板上,孵育24 h后拍照并计数。其中:a为不同时长光照下大肠杆菌灭活效率;b为不同时长光照下灭活处理的大肠杆菌悬浮液铺展并孵育24小时的营养琼脂平板照片。
对于现有技术中,以TiO2和ZnO为代表的主流光催化材料吸收主要在紫外波段,而对太阳光利用效率较低,在室内可见光下则更难以发挥效果。本发明提供了一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,该涂料的成分按重量份计最佳包括光催化材料0.1~10份、成膜剂19.9~95份、亲水性溶剂1~80份;所述的光催化材料为采用工艺简单、成本低廉、环境友好的一步水热法制备稳定无毒的纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料。
本发明的成膜剂是Nafion乙醇溶液或水性丙烯酸酯乳液中的至少一种,该成膜剂的浓度或固含量为0.01%~60%。亲水性溶液是乙醇或水。
本发明还提供了一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的制备方法,该方法中包含有采用一步水热法制备纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料的工艺步骤,具体包括以下步骤:
a)、将碳基材料、含铋前驱体、含硫前驱体以及表面活性剂溶于去离子水中制得分散液,并将该分散液的pH值调节至4~10;碳基材料为氧化石墨烯、石墨烯或活性炭中的至少一种;所述的含铋前驱体为硝酸铋或乙酸铋;含硫前驱体为L-半胱氨酸;表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵;碳基材料的用量为0.01~10 mg/mL,含铋前驱体与含硫前驱体的摩尔比为0.1:1~10:1,表面活性剂的用量为2~200 mmol/L。
b)、将步骤a中制得的分散液加热反应,反应温度为90℃~300℃,反应时间为0.2 ~60 h,反应完全后,冷却至室温并进行离心处理或冷冻干燥处理,当选择离心处理时,离心处理的速度至少为8000 r/min,当选择冷冻干燥处理时,冷冻干燥处理的时间至少为8 h。在离心或冷冻干燥处理后再选择用乙醇或水进行清洗产物,制得纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料。
c)、采用超声、搅拌或振荡中的至少一种方法将步骤b中制得的纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料与成膜剂、亲水性溶剂均匀混合,制得可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料。
本发明还提供了一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层,该涂层由可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料涂覆在物体内部及外部表面并固化形成的一层抗污抗菌涂层,抗污抗菌涂层的水滴接触角小于40°,透光率大于60%。
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层的制备方法,除上述的步骤a、步骤b和步骤c外,还包括步骤d、将步骤c中制得可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料以喷涂、淋涂、旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、浸涂或铸膜中的一种或多种涂覆方式,涂覆在物体内部及外部表面,在室温下固化形成可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂层。抗污抗菌涂层的固化温度为−100℃~300℃。
实施例一
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,该涂料的成分按重量份计包括稳定无毒的硫化铋纳米花/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料0.1份、0.5%的Nafion乙醇溶液19.9份和去离子水80份。硫化铋纳米花/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料采用一步水热法制备获得。
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层,该涂层为由可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料涂覆在物体表面,固化形成的一层抗污抗菌涂层。抗污抗菌涂层的水滴接触角小于40°,透光率大于60%。
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)、将0.5 g氧化石墨烯、0.2 mmol硝酸铋、0.3 mmol L-半胱氨酸和1.3 mmol十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于80 mL去离子水中,通过超声和搅拌制得分散液,将溶液的pH值调节至8;
b)、将步骤a中制得的溶液在180℃下加热3 h,冷却至室温并以10000 r/min速度离心20min,用乙醇和水清洗后制得硫化铋纳米花/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料,完成硫化铋纳米花/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备。
c)、将步骤b中制得的硫化铋纳米花/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料0.1份、0.5%的Nafion乙醇溶液19.9份,去离子水80份采用超声波均匀混合,制得可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料。
d)、将步骤c中制得的可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料以喷淋方式涂覆在物体表面,在室温下固化形成可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂层。
实施例二
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,该涂料的成分按重量份计包括稳定无毒的硫化铋纳米棒/活性炭复合材料0.5份,固含量35%的水性丙烯酸酯份95份,去离子水4.5份。硫化铋纳米棒/活性炭复合材料采用一步水热法制备获得。
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层,该涂层为由可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料涂覆在物体表面,固化形成的一层抗污抗菌涂层。抗污抗菌涂层的水滴接触角小于40°,透光率大于60%。
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)、将1.0 g活性炭、0.1 mmol乙酸铋、0.2 mmol L-半胱氨酸和0.4 mmol十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于50 mL去离子水中,通过超声和搅拌制得分散液,将溶液的pH值调节至7;
b)、将步骤a中制得的溶液在190℃下加热2 h,冷却至室温,在−18℃冷冻12 h后在冷冻干燥机内12 h冻干,用乙醇和水清洗后制得硫化铋纳米棒/活性炭复合材料。完成硫化铋纳米棒/活性炭复合材料的制备。
c)、将步骤b中制得的硫化铋纳米棒/活性炭复合材料0.5份、固含量35%的水性丙烯酸酯份95份,去离子水4.5份利用搅拌机混合搅拌均匀,制得可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料。
d)、将步骤c中制得的可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料以旋涂方式涂覆在物体表面,在室温下固化形成可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂层。
实施例三
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,该涂料的成分按重量份计包括硫化铋纳米片/石墨烯复合材料1份、0.5%的Nafion乙醇溶液20份,去离子水79份;硫化铋纳米片/石墨烯复合材料采用一步水热法制备获得。
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层,该涂层为由可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料涂覆在物体表面,固化形成的一层抗污抗菌涂层。抗污抗菌涂层的水滴接触角小于40°,透光率大于60%。
一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)、将0.08 g石墨烯、0.3 mmol硝酸铋、0.5 mmol L-半胱氨酸和1.2 mmol十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于80 mL去离子水中,通过超声和搅拌制得分散液,将溶液的pH值调节至9;
b)、将步骤a中制得的溶液在175℃下加热4 h,冷却至室温并以12000 r/min速度离心30min,用乙醇和水清洗后制得硫化铋纳米片/石墨烯复合材料。
c)、将步骤b中制得的硫化铋纳米片/石墨烯复合材料1份、0.5%的Nafion乙醇溶液20份,去离子水79份混合制得可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料。
d)、将步骤c中制得的可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料以刮涂方式涂覆在物体表面,在40℃下固化形成可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂层。
本发明的最佳实施例已阐明,由本领域普通技术人员做出的各种变化或改型都不会脱离本发明的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,其特征是:该涂料的成分按重量份计包括光催化材料0.1~10份、成膜剂19.9~95份、亲水性溶剂1~80份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,其特征是:所述的光催化材料为采用一步水热法制备的纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,其特征是:所述的成膜剂是Nafion乙醇溶液或水性丙烯酸酯乳液中的至少一种,该成膜剂的浓度或固含量为0.01%~60%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料,其特征是:所述的亲水性溶液是乙醇或水。
5.一种权利要求1-4所述的可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的制备方法,其特征是:该方法包括以下步骤:
a)、将碳基材料、含铋前驱体、含硫前驱体以及表面活性剂溶于去离子水中制得分散液,并将该分散液的pH值调节至4~10;
b)、将步骤a中制得的分散液加热反应,反应完全后,冷却至室温并进行离心或冷冻干燥后再处理,制得纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料;
c)、采用超声、搅拌或振荡中的至少一种方法将步骤b中制得的纳米结构的硫化铋/碳基复合材料与成膜剂、亲水性溶剂均匀混合,制得可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的制备方法,其特征是:所述的碳基材料为氧化石墨烯、石墨烯或活性炭中的至少一种;所述的含铋前驱体为硝酸铋或乙酸铋;所述的含硫前驱体为L-半胱氨酸;所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵;所述的碳基材料的用量为0.01~10 mg/mL,含铋前驱体与含硫前驱体的摩尔比为0.1:1~10:1,表面活性剂的用量为2~200 mmol/L。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的制备方法,其特征是:所述的步骤b中的反应温度为90℃~300℃,反应时间为0.2 ~60 h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的制备方法,其特征是:所述的步骤b中的离心处理的速度至少为8000 r/min,冷冻干燥处理的时间至少为8 h;并且离心或冷冻干燥处理后选择用乙醇或水进行清洗产物。
9.一种权利要求1-3所述的可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层,其特征是:所述的涂层由可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料涂覆在物体内部及外部表面并固化形成的一层抗污抗菌涂层,所述的抗污抗菌涂层的水滴接触角小于40°,透光率大于60%。
10.一种权利要求9所述的可见光响应的抗污抗菌涂料的涂层,其特征是:制备所述的涂层的涂覆方法为喷涂、淋涂、旋涂、刮涂、辊涂、浸涂或铸膜中的一种或多种的组合,所述的涂层的固化温度为−100℃~300℃。
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