CN112079858B - 一种香豆素衍生物Th-HM1及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种香豆素衍生物Th‑HM1及其合成方法和应用,所述香豆素衍生物的中文名称为(E)‑4‑(2‑(7‑(二乙氨基)‑2‑氧代‑2H‑色烯‑3‑基)乙烯基)‑2,2‑二氟‑7‑甲基‑2H,5H‑1l3,2l4吡喃并[3,4‑e][1,3,2]二恶黄嘌呤‑5‑酮。本发明同时提供了一种逐级检测半胱氨酸浓度下调进而引起谷胱甘肽浓度降低的方法,该方法基于所述香豆素衍生物,在PBS和乙腈混合(pH=7.4,v/v=1/1)溶液中通过紫外可见分光光度计和荧光光谱仪定性检测半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度变化。该方法在细胞水平实现了对半胱氨酸浓度下调及进一步引起谷胱甘肽浓度降低的逐级检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及香豆素衍生物,具体属于一种香豆素衍生物及其合成方法,以及该衍生物在逐级检测半胱氨酸浓度下调进而引起谷胱甘肽浓度降低的应用。
背景技术
半胱氨酸、同型半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽是生物体内最广泛的一类巯基小分子,它们不仅是多种含硫蛋白质的原料,而且在氧化应激、维持细胞稳态方面起着极为关键的作用。生物体内硫醇浓度异常极易诱发多种疾病,诸如帕金森、生长缓慢、风湿性关节炎、癌症、阿尔兹海默病等。在癌细胞中硫醇含量远高于正常细胞,清除半胱氨酸或谷胱甘肽正逐渐成为癌症化疗的新兴手段,同时也需要强大的检测方法来支撑医疗发展。荧光探针因其优异生物兼容性、原位高分辨成像、分析便捷等优点被公认为是最具有潜力用于医疗分析的一种方法,所以急需开发强有力的荧光探针来检测生物体内硫醇浓度的变化。
近年来,出现了一系列检测生物硫醇的荧光探针,从最初的单一硫醇特异性检测到多种硫醇区分检测以及发展为与硫醇相关的活性物质的同时检测,这些探针已经取得了非常可观的进展。但大部分工作仍停留在独立的检测而不能动态反映硫醇与其相关物质间的变化,这需要研究工作者们更进一步地展开深入研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种香豆素衍生物Th-HM1及其合成方法,以及该衍生物Th-HM1在细胞内实现逐级检测半胱氨酸浓度下调进而引起谷胱甘肽浓度降低的应用。
本发明提供的一种香豆素衍生物Th-HM1,中文名称为E)-4-(2-(7-(二乙氨基)-2-氧代-2H-色烯-3-基)乙烯基)-2,2-二氟-7-甲基-2H,5H-1l3,2l4吡喃并[3,4-e][1,3,2]二恶黄嘌呤-5-酮,英文名称为(E)-4-(2-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)vinyl)-2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-2H,5H-2l4,3l3-py rano[4,3-d][1,3,2]dioxaborinin-5-one。其结构式为:
Th-HM1的合成方法,步骤为:
1)按摩尔比1:1.8~2.3将4-(二乙氨基)-2-羟基苯甲醛、丙二酸二乙酯和催化量的哌啶溶解在无水乙醇中;将该混合物搅拌加热至回流并保持6~8小时,接着减压蒸发乙醇后加入体积比为1:1的盐酸和冰醋酸混合溶液,搅拌加热至100~115℃使其另外反应6~8小时;反应结束后,将该溶液倒入冰水中,逐滴加入NaOH溶液,将上述反应溶液的pH调节至形成大量浅色沉淀;继续搅拌30~50分钟后过滤混合物,并用水洗涤滤饼、干燥、甲苯重结晶,得到化合物1;
2)将等体积的DMF和POCl3混合,在0~10℃搅拌约30分钟,接着将化合物1和上述混合物一同溶解在2.5~3.0倍体积的DMF中,并在60~65℃下搅拌10~14小时;然后倒入冰水中,加入质量浓度约20%的NaOH溶液调节混合物的pH至产生大量沉淀物;过滤粗产物,用水洗涤滤饼、干燥,并在无水乙醇中重结晶得到化合物2;
3)按摩尔比为1:1.2~1.5将化合物2和脱氢乙酸溶解在氯仿中;添加3~5滴哌啶,加热至回流并保持3~5分钟,接着缓慢滴加2当量的三氟化硼乙醚,然后在该温度下回流5~6小时,待混合液冷却至室温后浓缩、柱色谱法纯化,得到纯紫黑色产物Th-HM1。
香豆素衍生物Th-HM1在含水的乙腈中自身会发生聚集,发射黄色荧光。在乙腈和PBS缓冲溶液中与硫醇作用后在荧光上具体表现为:与半胱氨酸作用后为蓝色荧光;与谷胱甘肽作用后,为蓝色和红色荧光。香豆素衍生物Th-HM1可在制备检测细胞内半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度变化的探针试剂中应用。
上述合成的香豆素衍生物Th-HM1用于逐级检测半胱氨酸浓度下调进而引起谷胱甘肽浓度降低的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、配制pH=7.4、体积比为1:1的PBS和乙腈混合缓冲溶液(简称测试液),配制水含量比例为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%的乙腈和水的混合溶液,配制2mmol/L的半胱氨酸水溶液、100mmol/L的谷胱甘肽水溶液以及配置2mmol/L(简称探针母液)和40mmol/L的Th-HM1的乙腈溶液;
(2)、取2.0mL测试液、10μL探针母液于比色皿中,在紫外可见光吸光光度计上检测探针的吸光度变化,随着时间的推移,395nm和594nm处的吸光度逐渐降低,455nm处出现新的吸收且吸光度逐渐增强;按照同样的方法在比色皿中配置好测试溶液,以395nm、594nm和455nm为激发在荧光光谱仪上检测对应的荧光变化,随着时间的推移,497nm、681nm处的荧光发射逐渐降低,562nm处的荧光逐渐增强。
(3)、取2.0mL水体积含量比例为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%的乙腈和水混合溶液分别与10μL探针母液合并在比色皿中;控制时间相同,分别测试它们的吸光度,随着水含量比例增加,对应在594nm和397nm处的吸光度值降低,在455nm处的吸光度逐渐增加;
(4)、取10μL浓度为40mmol/L的Th-HM1乙腈溶液分别与2.0mL纯乙腈、2.0mL测试液混合后滴在单晶硅片上,待溶剂自然挥发干后用扫描电子显微镜对它们的形貌进行分析;乙腈溶液中的Th-HM1为均匀分散,测试液中的Th-HM1像树根一样聚集在一起;
(5)、将不同浓度的半胱氨酸水溶液、谷胱甘肽水溶液分别与含10μL探针母液的2.0mL的测试液混合,在紫外可见光度计上检测594nm处的吸光度;随着半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度的增加,3倍当量的半胱氨酸即可与Th-HM1完全反应,在594nm处的吸光度值趋于0,而高达200倍量的谷胱甘肽与Th-HM1反应后在594nm处依然存在十分明显的吸光度;
(6)、配置一系列三种不同浓度硫醇的混合液模拟半胱氨酸氨酸浓度下调及进一步导致谷胱甘肽浓度下调的情况;随着半胱氨酸的浓度降低,对应在594nm处出现了较弱的吸收;当谷胱甘肽浓度也降低时,伴随着在594nm处吸收强度增强,同时在455nm处的吸收开始出现并逐渐增强,395nm处吸收强度逐渐降低。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明香豆素衍生物Th-HM1的合成便捷,操作方便;
2、利用探针Th-HM1与硫醇可快速反应和低速聚集发射不同颜色的荧光信号的特征,实现对硫醇浓度下调的监测;再利用半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度和活性的差别以及二者生物合成的制约关系,最终实现了对半胱氨酸浓度下调进而引发谷胱甘肽浓度降低的逐级检测;
3、检测手段简单,检测信号为多种颜色的荧光变化;
4、通过光谱学测试和外源硫醇细胞成像评估,探针Th-HM1是研究细胞内半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度下调的良好传感器,为早期疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的途径。
附图说明
图1 Th-HM1的核磁氢谱
图2 Th-HM1的核磁碳谱
图3 Th-HM1的质谱图
图4 Th-HM1在等体积乙腈和水混合溶剂里对应的紫外吸收和荧光发射的变化
图5 Th-HM1在不同水含量下的紫外光谱
图6 Th-HM1在纯乙腈和混有等体积水的溶剂下的扫描电镜图
图7半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽分别对Th-HM1滴定后对应的紫外吸收
图8各硫醇分别与Th-HM1反应的时间关系图
图9 Th-HM1与各种分析物混合后的荧光柱状图
图10不同浓度硫醇含量的混合液与Th-HM1反应后紫外吸收光谱
图11外加不同浓度硫醇混合液与探针Th-HM1细胞成像
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1
Th-HM1的制备和表征:
1)将4-(二乙氨基)-2-羟基苯甲醛(1.93g,10mmol)、丙二酸二乙酯(3.2g,20mmol)和1mL哌啶溶解在30mL无水乙醇中。将该混合物搅拌加热至回流并保持6小时,接着减压蒸发乙醇后加入20mL盐酸和20mL冰醋酸混合液在110℃另外反应6小时。反应完成,将溶液倒入100mL冰水中,逐滴加入40%的NaOH溶液,以将溶液的pH调节至5左右,立即形成大量浅色沉淀。搅拌30分钟后过滤混合物,用水洗涤滤饼、干燥,然后用甲苯重结晶,得到化合物1(产率79.8%);
2)将2mL DMF和2mL POCl3在0℃混合,冰水浴下搅拌30分钟,接着将化合物1(1.5g,6.91mmol)和上述混合物一同溶解在10mL DMF中,在60℃下搅拌12小时;然后倒入100mL冰水中,加入20%的NaOH溶液调节混合物的pH至产生大量沉淀物。过滤粗产物,用水彻底洗涤滤饼、干燥,并在无水乙醇中重结晶得到纯的针状红棕色化合物2(产率70.5%);
3)将化合物2(245mg,1.0mmol)、脱氢乙酸(202mg,1.2mmol)和20mL的氯仿合并。搅拌溶解后,添加100μL哌啶,加热至65℃并保持5分钟,接着缓慢滴加三氟化硼乙醚(284mg,2mmol),然后在该温度下回流5h,待混合液冷却至室温后减压除去溶剂,固体残留物通过甲醇和二氯甲烷(1:200,v/v)作为洗脱液进行柱色谱法纯化,得到纯紫黑色产物Th-HM1(产率34.5%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.69(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),8.39(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.43(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.57(s,1H),6.11(s,1H),3.51(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),2.37(s,3H),1.28(t,J=7.0Hz,6H)(图1)。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ182.95,178.91,172.76,159.46,158.96,158.18,153.82,150.45,148.56,131.87,117.47,113.87,110.54,109.80,102.84,98.96,97.14,45.51,21.18,12.56(图2)。ESI-MS:[M+Na]+Calcd.For466.12440,Found 466.12461(图3)。
实施例2
取2.0mL体积比为1:1的乙腈和PBS混合溶液、10μL浓度为2.0mmol/L的探针TH-HM1乙腈溶液合并于比色皿中,在紫外可见光吸光光度计上检测TH-HM1的吸光度变化。随着时间的推移,395nm和594nm处的吸光度逐渐降低,455nm处出现新的吸收且吸光度逐渐增强。按照同样的方法在比色皿中配置好测试溶液,以395nm、594nm和455nm为激发在荧光光谱仪上检测对应的荧光变化,随着时间的推移,497nm、681nm处的荧光发射逐渐降低,562nm处出现新的荧光并逐渐增强(图4)。
实施例3
取2.0mL水体积含量比例为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%的乙腈和水混合溶液分别与10μL浓度为2.0mmol/L的探针Th-HM1溶液混合于比色皿中。两分钟后分别测试它们的吸光度。随着水含量比例增加,对应在594nm和397nm处的吸光度值降低,在455nm处的吸光度逐渐增加(图5)。
实施例4
取10μL浓度为40mmol/L的Th-HM1乙腈溶液分别与2.0mL纯乙腈、2.0mL体积比为1:1的乙腈和PBS混合液混合后滴在单晶硅片上,待溶剂自然挥发殆尽后用扫描电子显微镜对它们的形貌进行拍照分析。溶解在乙腈溶液里的Th-HM1溶剂挥发后固体为均匀分散,而溶解在等体积乙腈和水的混合溶液中的Th-HM1溶剂挥发后残留的固体像树根一样聚集在一起(图6)。
实施例5
将不同浓度的半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽水溶液分别与含10μL浓度为2.0mmol/L的Th-HM1乙腈溶液和2.0mL的等体积乙腈和PBS混合液合并,两分钟后在紫外可见光度计上检测594nm处的吸光度。随着半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度的增加,相对于Th-HM1的3倍物质的量的半胱氨酸即可与Th-HM1趋于完全反应,在594nm处的吸光度值趋于0;相对于Th-HM1的200倍物质的量的谷胱甘肽与Th-HM1反应后在594nm处依然存在十分明显的吸光度(图7)。
实施例6
按照表1配置一系列三种不同浓度硫醇的混合液模拟半胱氨酸氨酸浓度下调及进一步导致谷胱甘肽浓度下调的情况,因同型半胱氨酸在生物体内相对于半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽含量非常少(同型半胱氨酸在体内正常浓度为3~15μmol/L),因此同型半胱氨酸浓度统一控制为10μmol/L。然后分别添加15μL浓度为2.0mmol/L的探针Th-HM1乙腈溶液,2分钟后在紫外光谱仪上检测它们的吸收,随着半胱氨酸的浓度降低,对应在594nm处出现了弱的吸收,当谷胱甘肽浓度也降低时,伴随着在594nm处吸收强度增强,同时在455nm处的吸收开始出现并逐渐增强,395nm处吸收强度逐渐降低(图10)。
表1配置三种硫醇不同浓度的混合水溶液
实施例7
将HCT116细胞除去培养液后用2.0mL浓度为200μmol/L的过氧化氢PBS缓冲溶液孵育10分钟以除去细胞内源性硫醇。按照表1配置不同浓度的硫醇水溶液,将15μL浓度为2.0mmol/L的Th-HM1溶解2.0mL等体积比的乙腈和PBS混合溶液制备成探针溶液。将探针溶液添加到除去内源性硫醇的HCT116细胞中并在37℃下放置10分钟,接着用PBS(pH 7.4)缓冲溶液对细胞进行冲洗两次,然后在荧光共聚焦显微镜下进行成像拍照。细胞成像结果与光谱实验一致,随着半胱氨酸浓度降低,红色荧光开始出现并逐渐增强;当半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度同时降低时,黄色荧光开始出现并逐渐增强,与此同时,红色荧光强度逐渐增强,蓝色荧光逐渐减弱(图11)。
上述实验结果说明Th-HM1是检测细胞内半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度变化的良好的候选者。
Claims (5)
2.如权利要求1所述的一种香豆素衍生物Th-HM1的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)按摩尔比1:1.8~2.3将4-(二乙氨基)-2-羟基苯甲醛、丙二酸二乙酯和催化量的哌啶溶解在无水乙醇中;将该混合物搅拌加热至回流并保持6~8小时,接着减压蒸发乙醇后加入等体积比的盐酸和冰醋酸混合溶液,搅拌加热至100~115 ℃继续反应6~8小时;反应结束后,将该溶液倒入冰水中,逐滴加入NaOH溶液,调节上述反应溶液的pH至形成大量浅色沉淀;继续搅拌30~50分钟后过滤混合物,并用水洗涤、干燥,然后用甲苯重结晶,得到化合物1;
2)将等体积的DMF和POCl3混合,在0~10 ℃下搅拌约30分钟,接着将化合物1和上述混合物一同溶解在2.5~3.0倍体积的DMF中,并在60~65℃下搅拌10~14小时;然后倒入冰水中,加入质量浓度20%的NaOH溶液调节混合物的pH至产生大量沉淀物;过滤粗产物,用水洗涤、干燥,并在无水乙醇中重结晶得到化合物2;
3)按摩尔比为1:1.2~1.5将化合物2和脱氢乙酸溶解在氯仿中;添加催化量的哌啶,加热至回流并保持3~5分钟,接着缓慢滴加2倍量的三氟化硼乙醚,然后在该温度下回流5~6小时,待混合液冷却至室温后浓缩,柱色谱法纯化,得到纯紫黑色产物Th-HM1;
所述的化合物1和化合物2的结构式为:
3.如权利要求1所述的香豆素衍生物Th-HM1在制备检测细胞内半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度变化的探针试剂的应用。
4.一种逐级检测半胱氨酸浓度下调进而引起谷胱甘肽浓度降低的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)、配制乙腈和PBS混合缓冲溶液,配制一系列含水量不同的乙腈和水的混合溶液,配制2 mmol/L的半胱氨酸水溶液、100 mmol/L的谷胱甘肽水溶液以及配置2 mmol/L和40mmol/L的权利要求1所述的Th-HM1的乙腈溶液;
(2)、将探针Th-HM1乙腈溶液溶于乙腈和PBS混合缓冲液中,在紫外可见光吸光光度计上监测探针Th-HM1随时间推移吸光度的变化;配置同样的溶液,以紫外吸收作为激发波长监测探针Th-HM1随着时间的推移荧光强度的变化;
(3)、将探针Th-HM1溶于含水量不同的乙腈溶液中,然后分别测试它们的吸光度,随着水含量比例增加,对应在594 nm和397 nm处的吸光度值降低,在455 nm处的吸光度逐渐增加;
(4)、将探针Th-HM1溶于纯乙腈、体积比为1:1的乙腈与水混合溶液,探针Th-HM1最终浓度均为200 µmol/L,然后将它们分别滴在单晶硅片上,待其干燥后利用扫描电子显微镜对它们的形貌进行分析;
(5)、将不同浓度的半胱氨酸水溶液、谷胱甘肽水溶液分别对含探针Th-HM1的乙腈和水混合溶液进行浓度滴定,利用紫外可见光度计监测探针Th-HM1在594 nm处的吸光度变化。
5.如权利要求1所述的香豆素衍生物Th-HM1在制备细胞成像试剂中的应用。
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Qian Sun et al.,."A fluorescence turn-on probe for human (bovine) serum albumin based on the hydrolysis of a dioxaborine group promoted by proteins".《Chem. Commun.》.2017,第53卷(第48期),第6432-6435页. * |
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