CN112067746B - Method for measuring cold demand of peaches by living body - Google Patents
Method for measuring cold demand of peaches by living body Download PDFInfo
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- CN112067746B CN112067746B CN202010842243.5A CN202010842243A CN112067746B CN 112067746 B CN112067746 B CN 112067746B CN 202010842243 A CN202010842243 A CN 202010842243A CN 112067746 B CN112067746 B CN 112067746B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring cold demand of peaches by living bodies, and belongs to the technical field of measurement of cold demand of peach trees. The method for measuring the cooling capacity required by peaches in vivo comprises the following steps: step 1: building a peach standard variety garden; step 2: planting a peach variety to be detected; and step 3: and (6) alignment. The method for measuring the cooling capacity required by the peaches in vivo can measure the cooling capacity required by the peaches in vivo, and has the advantages of accurate result, small error, small workload and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring cold demand of peaches by living bodies, and belongs to the technical field of measurement of cold demand of peach trees.
Background
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is a medium perennial tree of Rosaceae (Rosaceae), prunus (Prunus L.), prunus (Amygdalus L.). Originally produced in cold and cool areas in western regions of Shaanxi, gansu, tibet and the like in China, a certain amount of cold energy is needed to complete dormancy so as to enter a male and female cell differentiation stage. The cold demand quantity is the effective low-temperature time required for breaking the natural dormancy of deciduous fruit trees, and the temperature is generally less than or equal to 7.2 ℃ as a calculation starting point. When the cold requirement of the peach trees cannot be met, the buds are irregular, the flowering period is long, flowers are not solid, and the yield cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the cold demand is one of the key factors for the success of peach planting in south.
At present, the method for measuring the cooling capacity required by peaches mainly comprises the following two methods: (1) a water culture method: cutting 10-20 branches of the current year every 3-5 days after leaf falling in winter, inserting the branches into water with the depth of 2-3cm, placing the branches in a climatic chamber, and counting the germination rate after 21 days. When the germination rate exceeds 50%, the requirement for cold capacity is met, and the hours when the temperature is lower than 7.2 ℃ in the statistical period are the requirement for cold capacity of the variety. (2) control variety method: a series of comparison varieties are utilized to measure the cold requirement of the varieties, and the method is widely applied abroad. The peach variety to be tested and the comparison peach variety are sampled simultaneously every 7 days from the field (the method is the same as the water culture method), and after 21 days in the greenhouse, the germination rates of the tested variety and the comparison variety are compared, so that the cold demand of the tested variety can be known. The drawbacks of the two methods are: firstly, the measurement is carried out under the condition of artificial climate, the branches are in an isolated state after being cut off, the natural condition in the field cannot be completely simulated, and the transportation and the germination of nutrient substances are affected to a certain extent, so that the error of the measurement result is large; secondly, the workload is large and the efficiency is low.
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a new method for measuring the cooling capacity required by peaches to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for measuring the cold demand of peaches by using living bodies. The method for measuring the cooling capacity required by the peach in vivo can measure the cooling capacity required by the peach in vivo, and has the advantages of accurate result, small error, small workload and high efficiency.
The scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for measuring the cold requirement of peaches in vivo comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishment of peach standard variety garden
Selecting standard peach varieties, performing field planting in 2 months, and establishing a standard peach variety garden;
recording the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the standard peach variety at the beginning of 2 months to the end of 3 months of each year from the 3 rd year;
step 2: planting of peach variety to be tested
Planting a peach variety to be tested or a peach variety to be tested in a high grafting manner in the standard peach variety garden in the step 1 or in a block adjacent to the standard peach variety garden, and recording the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the peach variety to be tested at the beginning of every 2 months to the end of every 3 months after the 3 rd to 4 th years or the 2 rd to 3 rd years after the high grafting;
and 3, step 3: comparison of
And (3) comparing the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the peach variety to be detected in the step (2) with the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the standard peach variety in the step (1), wherein if the difference between the initial flowering phase and/or the full flowering phase of a certain standard peach variety is +/-1 d, the cold demand of the standard peach variety is the cold demand of the peach variety to be detected.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
in the step 1 of the invention, the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the standard peach variety are recorded every year from the 3 rd year after field planting of the standard peach variety, so that data can be accumulated, and the accuracy is improved.
In step 2 of the invention, the peach variety to be tested is planted or grafted in the standard variety garden in step 1 or in the adjacent block, the temperature, illumination, soil and management level of the peach standard variety and the peach variety to be tested are consistent, and the influence of factors such as environment, human factors and the like on the measurement result is reduced to the maximum extent. Recording the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the peach variety to be detected in 3-4 years after field planting or 2-3 years after top grafting, because the peach variety to be detected in 3-4 years after field planting or 2-3 years after top grafting starts fruiting and production, reproductive growth and phenological period performance enter a normal stage, and the observation result is reliable. The statistical result of two continuous years increases the repeatability and improves the accuracy.
In step 3 of the invention, the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the peach variety to be tested in step 2 are compared with the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the standard peach variety in step 1, the initial flowering phase has 5% of complete flowering time, and the full flowering phase has 25% of complete flowering time, which are easy to observe.
In conclusion, the method utilizes the characteristic that the cold demand quantity is highly related to the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase, determines the cold demand quantity of the peach variety to be detected by comparing the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the standard peach variety with different cold demand quantities, has completely consistent test conditions, can detect a large number of varieties at one time, has accurate and efficient results, and can effectively overcome the defects of the traditional detection method.
The method for measuring the cooling capacity required by the peaches in vivo has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for measuring the cooling capacity demand of the peaches by living bodies carries out cooling capacity demand measurement by comparing the phenological period of the normally growing trees under natural conditions in the field, thereby maximally reducing the influence of factors such as environment, human factors and the like and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement result.
2. The method for measuring the cooling capacity required by the peaches in vivo has accurate measurement result and small error. The standard peach variety and the peach variety to be detected are fixedly planted in the same plot or adjacent plots, the temperature, the illumination, the soil and the management level are consistent, the phenological period is observed and compared completely under natural conditions, and the cold quantity required is highly related to the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, so that the result is accurate and the error is small.
3. The method for measuring the cooling capacity required by the peaches in vivo has the advantages of small workload and high efficiency. Under the condition allowed by the land, the method can be used for measuring a plurality of varieties in a one-time comparison mode, the process is simple, and the required labor cost is low.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the standard peach variety is any one or more of tropical prince, flordaglo, mariviar, sunraycer, florida king, morningo No. 2, margarita, amurken, eosin, crisp, bright and brocade.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to be: the variety is a peach variety with known cooling capacity in the prior art, and can ensure the accuracy of the measurement result.
Further, in step 2, the peach variety to be tested is: any one or more of red jade, jinyang, chunmei, ruiguang 51, april red, chickpea and Zhongyou No. 13.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the peach variety is a peach variety with unknown or uncertain cold demand in the prior art, and the cold demand of the peach variety needs to be determined.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are set forth merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The method for measuring the cooling capacity requirement of the peaches in the living body comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishment of peach standard variety garden
Selecting a test garden of Guangxi special crop research institute located in the seven-star region of Guangxi Guilin city to establish a peach standard variety garden. The Guilin area is a transition area from the temperate zone to the subtropical zone in China, the low-temperature accumulation is 150-600 h at the temperature lower than 7.2 ℃, and the peach tree phenological period (the initial flowering period and the full flowering period) with different cold requirements shows flowering gradient change along with the cold requirements under natural conditions. In the Guilin area, peach varieties with the lowest cold requirement (such as the tropical prince) bloom in the last 2 months every year, and peach varieties with the highest cold requirement (such as the brocade) bloom in the last 3 months every year.
Selecting the following standard peach varieties: tropical prince, flordiaglo, maryvia, sun Raycer, florida, morning Red No. 2, may fire, amken, eosin, cui Bao, yan Bao, and brocade. And (4) performing field planting in 2015 month 2 to establish a peach standard variety garden.
The initial flowering period and full flowering period of the standard peach variety are recorded from 2018 to 2020, at the beginning of each 2-3 months of each year, and are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 flowering beginning and full-bloom stages of standard peach varieties
| Serial number | Standard variety | Cold requirement (h) | Beginning of flowering phase | Full bloom stage |
| 1 | Tropical prince fern | 150 | 2 months, 10 days-12 days | 2 months, 12 days-14 days |
| 2 | Flordaglo | 200 | 2 months, 13 days-15 days | 2 months, 15 days-17 days |
| 3 | Maryvale | 250 | 2 months, 16 days-18 days | 18 to 20 months after 2 months |
| 4 | Sunraycer | 300 | 2 months, 19 days-22 days | 21-24 days after 2 months |
| 5 | Florida king | 400 | 23-26 days after 2 months | 25-28 days in 2 months |
| 6 | Morning Red No. 2 | 500 | 3 month, 2 days-5 days | 3 month, 4 days-7 days |
| 7 | Five-month fire | 550 | 6-9 days after 3 months | 8-11 days after 3 months |
| 8 | Amken | 600 | 3 months, 10 days-13 days | 12-15 days after 3 months |
| 9 | (Dawn) | 700 | 3 months, 14 days-16 days | 16-18 days in 3 months |
| 10 | Crisp protector | 800 | 17-19 days after 3 months | 19-21 days after 3 months |
| 11 | Yanbao (beauty) | 900 | 20-22 days after 3 months | 22-24 days after 3 months |
| 12 | Brocade flower | 1000 | 23-25 days after 3 months | 25-27 days in 3 months |
And 2, step: planting of peach variety to be tested
The peach variety to be detected is as follows: hongyu, jinyang, chunmei, ruiguang 51, april, chickpea and Zhongyou No. 13.
Planting the peach variety to be tested or the peach variety to be high-inoculated in the adjacent blocks of the peach standard variety garden in the step 1, and recording the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the peach variety to be tested at the beginning of every 2 months to the end of every 3 months after the 3 rd to 4 th year or the 2 rd to 3 rd year after high inoculation after field planting.
And 3, step 3: comparison of
And (3) comparing the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the peach variety to be detected in the step (2) with the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the standard peach variety in the step (1), wherein if the difference is +/-1 d from the initial flowering phase and/or the full flowering phase of a certain standard peach variety, the cooling capacity requirement of the standard peach variety is the cooling capacity requirement of the peach variety to be detected. As shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1: method for measuring cooling capacity of standard peach variety and peach variety to be measured by water culture method
After leaves fall in 2019-2020 in winter (namely 12 months to 2 months in the coming year), 10 branches of the current year are cut every 5 days and inserted into water with the depth of 3cm, the branches are 20-30cm in length, the tree is placed in a climatic chamber, the temperature is 25 ℃, the illumination is 2000lx, the day is 14h, the night is 10h, the relative humidity is 70%, the water is changed every 3 days, the base part is cut off every 2cm, and the germination rate is counted after 21 days. When the germination rate exceeds 50%, the cold requirement is satisfied. A small-sized weather instrument is hung in the test garden, the hours that the air temperature is lower than 7.2 ℃ in 11-2 months are counted, and the result is shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 determination of the refrigeration requirement of peach varieties by hydroponic method
Comparative example 2: method for measuring cold demand of standard peach variety and peach variety to be measured by contrasting variety method
The peach variety to be tested and the comparison peach variety are sampled simultaneously every 5 days from the field (the method is the same as the water culture method), and after 21 days in the greenhouse, the germination rates of the tested variety and the comparison variety are compared, so that the cold demand of the tested variety can be known. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 determination of Cold requirement of peach Standard variety and peach variety to be tested by comparison with variety method
And (4) analyzing results:
1. in the aspect of test period: comparing the method of the embodiment of the invention, the water culture method of the comparative example 1 and the control variety method of the comparative example 2, the method of the embodiment of the invention has short investigation period which is 2-3 months per year; the water culture method and the contrast variety method have long sampling time, the test period is 12-2 months per year, and the time and the labor are wasted.
2. In terms of measurement results: comparing the method of the embodiment of the invention, the water culture method of the comparative example 1 and the comparison variety method of the comparative example 2, the method of the embodiment of the invention is to fix the standard peach variety and the peach variety to be detected in the same plot or adjacent plots, the temperature, the illumination, the soil and the management level are consistent, the phenological period is observed and compared completely under natural conditions, and the cold requirement is highly related to the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, so the result is accurate and the error is small. The water culture method and the comparison variety method are carried out indoors, the error is large, and a more accurate result can be achieved by repeated tests.
3. In the aspect of labor cost: compared with the method of the embodiment of the invention, the water culture method of the comparative example 1 and the comparison variety method of the comparative example 2, the method of the embodiment of the invention reduces the time of branch collection and indoor manual statistics, and has the advantages of direct observation, small workload and high efficiency. Under the condition allowed by the land, the method can be used for measuring a plurality of varieties in a one-time comparison mode, the process is simple, and the required labor cost is low. The water culture method and the variety comparison method are long in time and greatly influenced by environmental and human factors, and only the cold requirement of a limited variety can be identified.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the refrigerating capacity required by peaches in vivo is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishment of peach standard variety garden
Selecting standard peach varieties, performing field planting in 2 months, and establishing a standard peach variety garden; the standard peach variety is any one or more of tropical prince, flordiaglo, maryvia, sun Raycer, florida king, morning Red No. 2, may fire, amuken, eosin, crisp protection, brilliant protection and brocade;
recording the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the standard peach variety at the beginning of 2 months to the end of 3 months of each year from the 3 rd year;
and 2, step: planting of peach variety to be tested
Planting a peach variety to be tested or a peach variety to be subjected to high grafting in the standard peach variety garden in the step 1 or in a block adjacent to the standard peach variety garden, and recording the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the peach variety to be tested at the beginning of every 2 months to the end of every 3 months after the 3 rd to 4 th year or the 2 rd to 3 rd year after high grafting; the peach variety to be detected is as follows: one or more of red jade, jinyang, chunmei, ruiguang 51, april red, chickpea and Chinese tallow No. 13;
and 3, step 3: comparison of
And (3) comparing the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the peach variety to be detected in the step (2) with the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase of the standard peach variety in the step (1), wherein if the difference between the initial flowering phase and/or the full flowering phase of a certain standard peach variety is +/-1 d, the cold demand of the standard peach variety is the cold demand of the peach variety to be detected.
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| CN112913497A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for measuring cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds under facility conditions |
| CN114740114B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-05-26 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold requirement |
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