CN114740114B - Method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold requirement - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand, which is mainly characterized in that the method for determining the content of abscisic acid in flower buds is adopted to identify and distinguish the peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand (< 300 h) in 15d before and after a large quantity of defoliation period in winter according to the condition that the abscisic acid (ABA) content in the peach flower buds is kept at a higher level before dormancy is released and is rapidly reduced after dormancy is released.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and particularly relates to a method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold requirement.
[ background Art ]
Peach (Prunus persica l.) is a perennial medium-sized arbor of the family Rosaceae (Rosaceae), genus Prunus (Prunus l.), sub-genus Prunus (Amygdalus l.). In western cold areas such as Shaanxi, gansu and Tibet in China, a certain amount of cold is needed to complete dormancy to enter the sexy cell differentiation stage. The cold demand refers to the effective low-temperature time required for breaking natural dormancy of deciduous fruit trees, and generally takes the temperature less than or equal to 7.2 ℃ as a calculation starting point. When the cold quantity of peach trees cannot be met, the peach trees are irregular in germination and long in flowering phase, flowers are not real, and the yield cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the cold demand is one of the key factors for successful planting of the southern peaches. At present, the peaches are classified into 5 grades of extremely low cold demand (< 300 h), low cold demand (300-600 h), medium cold demand (600-900 h), high cold demand (900-1200 h) and extremely high cold demand (> 1200 h).
At present, related researches exist, for example, chinese patent application number 201410264421.5 discloses a method for rapidly determining the cold quantity required by peaches, after the peaches fall, 3-5 branches of current annual branches of the peaches are collected every 4-5 days, the lengths of the branches are 20-30cm, each of flower buds and leaf buds on each peach variety branch are not less than 20, the branches are inserted into water in a room for 2-3cm, new stubble is exposed at the lower part of each peach branch once every 3 days, water is changed and clean for once every three days, the indoor temperature is 23-25 ℃ in daytime, the temperature is 15-17 ℃ at night, the time is white/black=14/10 h, the humidity is 60-70%, the illumination intensity of the branches is 2500LX, and the flower buds and the leaf buds of the peaches are represented by 50% of the exposed tops of the leaf buds and 50% of the tops of the flower buds, so as to meet the cold quantity required by the peaches; and then the cold demand model is used for counting the cold demand, so that the cold demand of the peach is measured.
For example, chinese patent application No. 202111261417.X discloses a method for rapidly measuring and calculating the cold demand of peach variety based on qRT-PCR detection method, which comprises the following steps: detecting the relative expression quantity of PpDAM5 genes; (II) grading the relative expression quantity and the cold required quantity of the PpDAM5 gene; thirdly, rapidly calculating the variety of the peach to be detected; according to the method, the determined varieties needing cooling are used as standard substances, leaves of the varieties needing cooling are selected to conduct PpDAM5 gene expression quantity measurement when leaves of the varieties of peaches fall, a model needing cooling grade division is established, the novel varieties of peaches needing cooling to be detected are conducted to conduct PpDAM5 gene relative expression quantity detection, then matching is conducted according to the established model needing cooling grade division, and cooling of varieties of peaches to be detected can be primarily and rapidly detected.
In general, the method for measuring the cold demand of peaches mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) water planting: cutting 10-20 current annual branches every 3-5d after leaf falling in winter, inserting the current annual branches into water with the depth of 2-3cm, placing the current annual branches into a climatic chamber, counting the germination rate after 21d, and when the germination rate exceeds 50%, indicating that the cooling requirement is met, and simultaneously counting the number of hours with the temperature lower than 7.2 ℃ in the period to obtain the cooling requirement of the variety;
(2) Control variety method: the method comprises the steps of utilizing a series of comparison varieties to measure the required cold quantity of the varieties to be measured, sampling the varieties to be measured and the comparison varieties at intervals of 7d from the field (the method is the same as the water planting method), and comparing the germination rates of the measured varieties with the comparison varieties after 21d in a greenhouse, so that the required cold quantity of the measured varieties can be known;
(3) Molecular marker identification: in 2019, the peach subject group of Zhengzhou fruit tree institute of China academy of agricultural science was identified by molecular marker technology.
The drawbacks of the above method are: firstly, the measurement is carried out under the condition of artificial climate, the branches are in an in-vitro state after being sheared, the natural condition in the field can not be completely simulated, and the transportation and germination of nutrient substances are affected to a certain extent, so that the error of the measurement result is larger; secondly, the workload is large, and the efficiency is low; thirdly, the molecular marking technology can only identify and distinguish peach germplasm resources for more than 500h, and varieties below 500h can not be distinguished.
[ invention ]
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand, and the method is mainly used for identifying and distinguishing the peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand (< 300 h) by measuring the content of the abscisic acid in a large number of peach flower buds in the defoliation period according to the content of the abscisic acid in the peach flower buds in the stable level in a large number of defoliation periods.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand, comprising the following steps:
1) Selecting different cold energy required peach germplasm resources for healthy growth;
2) Sampling: respectively collecting 5.0g of fruit branch flower buds in a healthy and annual middle part of the crown in the earlier defoliation period, a large amount of defoliation period and 10 days after defoliation, quick-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and storing in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ for later use;
3) Drawing an abscisic acid working curve: weighing 4.0mg of an abscisic acid standard substance, respectively using methanol to fix the volume in a 100.0mL volumetric flask to serve as mother liquor (the concentration is 0.04 mg/mL), respectively taking 2.0mL, 2.5mL, 3.0mL, 4.0mL, 5.0mL and 6.0mL of mother liquor, placing the mother liquor in a 10mL volumetric flask, diluting the mother liquor into solutions with different concentration gradients by using methanol, filtering the solutions by using a 0.22um organic filter membrane, measuring peak areas of abscisic acid with different concentrations by using a high performance liquid chromatograph, and drawing a working curve according to the peak areas and the concentrations of the abscisic acid;
4) Extraction of abscisic acid: quick-freezing the fresh flower buds collected in the step 2) by using liquid nitrogen, drying to constant weight by using a freeze dryer, fully grinding and crushing, accurately weighing 100.0mg, placing into a 2.5mL centrifuge tube, adding 1.5mL of extracting solution (methanol: water: formic acid=80:20:0.2), vibrating and extracting for 40min in a shaking table, centrifuging for 8min (14000 r/min,4 ℃), centrifuging, absorbing the supernatant, placing into a new 5mL centrifuge tube, extracting for 2 times by using the same extraction method, merging the extracting solutions, volatilizing the solvent by using a nitrogen blowing instrument, adding 1mL of 50% methanol aqueous solution for re-dissolution, filtering by using a 0.22um organic filter membrane, and then loading into the machine for analysis;
5) And (3) measuring the content of abscisic acid: and (3) measuring the content of abscisic acid in flower buds by adopting a high performance liquid chromatograph, wherein the conditions are as follows:
chromatographic column: YMC-Pack ODS-AM (150X 4.6mm,3 μm); column temperature: 30.0 ℃; the detection wavelength is 265nm;
mobile phase a:0.1% formic acid in water; mobile phase B: methanol; flow rate: 0.5mL/min; sample injection amount is 10.0 mu L;
time gradient: 0.00-33.00min:40% B, 33.01-34.00min:100% B, 34.01-46.00min:100% B, 46.01-47.00min:40% B, 47.01-60.00min:40% b;
6) When the content of abscisic acid in the dried flower buds of the peach germplasm resources with unknown cold demand is less than 14.00 mug/g, the peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand (cold demand is less than 300 h) are identified.
In the invention, the following components are added:
the peach germplasm resources with different cold requirements in the step 1) are selected from tropical prince (150 h), mountain sweet peach (200 h), flordaglo (200 h), marie's Viola (250 h), sunrycer (300 h), early red No. 2 (500 h), medium oil No. 13 (550 h), double Buddha (550 h), meiting (550 h), ficus awamori (550 h), amken (600 h), chunmei (600 h), brocade spring (600 h), brocade flower (800 h) and brocade (800 h).
The high performance liquid chromatograph in the step 3) is selected from Shimadzu LC-20AT.
The solution of step 3) diluted with methanol to different concentration gradients was a solution that gave a concentration of 0.008mg/mL, 0.001mg/mL, 0.0012mg/mL, 0.0016mg/mL, 0.0020mg/mL, 0.0024 mg/mL.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method for identifying the peach germplasm resource with extremely low cold requirement, the content of the abscisic acid in the peach germplasm resource flower buds with extremely low cold requirement (the cold requirement is less than 300 h) is found to be lower than 13.50 mug/g, and the content of the abscisic acid in the peach germplasm resource flower buds with the rest cold requirement being greater than 300h is found to be greater than 13.50 mug/g. Therefore, the peach germplasm resource with unknown cold demand can be accurately identified by measuring the content of abscisic acid in the dried flower buds 15 days before and after a large number of leaves fall in winter, and the technical support can be provided for peach variety hybridization breeding, variety division, facility cultivation and development of the peach industry in subtropical areas.
2. According to the method for identifying the peach germplasm resource with extremely low cold energy, disclosed by the invention, the ABA content in flower buds of a plurality of peach varieties can be continuously measured in batches by an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method, the time consumption is short, the efficiency is high, repeated measurement and verification can be performed for a plurality of times, and the result is accurate and reliable.
3. According to the method for identifying the peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold requirement, disclosed by the invention, the method for identifying the peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold requirement by measuring the content of abscisic acid in a large number of flower buds in the defoliation period is not influenced by external conditions such as regions, climates and the like.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is an HPLC chromatogram of abscisic acid in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a HPLC chromatogram of a brocade bud of an embodiment of the invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following describes the invention in more detail with reference to examples.
Examples:
a method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand, comprising the following steps:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
15 species resources with different cold energy required for growing health are selected as test materials, namely tropical prince (150 h), mountain sweet peach (200 h), flordaglo (200 h), marie's Viola (250 h), sunrycer (300 h), early red No. 2 (500 h), medium oil No. 13 (550 h), double Buddha (550 h), meiting (550 h), five month fire (550 h), amken (600 h), chunmei (600 h), brocade spring (600 h), brocade flower (800 h) and Meijin (800 h).
1.2 reagents
Abscisic acid (ABA) was purchased from Shanghai source leaf biotechnology limited; methanol (GR), formic Acid (AR) were purchased from the company of the chemical industry, inc.
1.3 instruments and apparatus
High performance liquid chromatograph (Shimadzu LC-20 AT)
1.4 method
1.4.1 sampling
Collecting 5.0g of fruit branch bud of one year of the middle and upper part of the crown of the tree respectively at 2021, 11 and 15 days (early stage of defoliation), 2021, 11 and 30 days (a large amount of defoliation), 2022, 12 and 15 days (10 days after defoliation), quick-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and preserving at-80deg.C for use;
1.4.2 abscisic acid working curves
Weighing standard abscisic acid standard 4.0mg, respectively using methanol to fix volume in 100.0mL volumetric flask as mother solution (concentration is 0.04 mg/mL), respectively taking 2.0mL, 2.5mL, 3.0mL, 4.0mL, 5.0mL and 6.0mL mother solution, placing into 10mL volumetric flask, diluting with methanol to obtain solutions with different concentration gradients (0.008 mg/mL, 0.001mg/mL, 0.0012mg/mL, 0.0016mg/mL, 0.0020mg/mL and 0.0024 mg/mL), filtering with 0.22um organic filter membrane, measuring peak area of abscisic acid by high performance liquid chromatograph, drawing working curve according to peak area and concentration of abscisic acid standard t R =31.811min;
1.4.3 extraction of abscisic acid
Respectively collecting fresh flower buds, quick-freezing with liquid nitrogen, drying to constant weight with a freeze dryer, fully grinding and crushing, accurately weighing 100.0mg, placing into a 2.5mL centrifuge tube, adding 1.5mL of extracting solution (methanol: water: formic acid=80:20:0.2), vibrating and extracting 40min in a shaking table, centrifuging for 8min at 14000r/min, then sucking the supernatant, placing into a new 5mL centrifuge tube, extracting for 2 times with the same extraction method, merging the extracting solution, volatilizing the solvent with a nitrogen blower, adding 1mL of 50% methanol aqueous solution, re-dissolving, filtering with a 0.22um organic filter membrane, placing into the machine for analysis, repeating 3 times of measurement on each peach variety flower bud, and taking an average value;
1.4.4 determination of abscisic acid content
Measuring the content of abscisic acid in flower buds by using a high performance liquid chromatograph; chromatographic column: YMC-Pack ODS-AM (150X 4.6mm,3 μm); flow ofMobile phase a:0.1% formic acid in water, mobile phase B: methanol; column temperature: 30.0 ℃; flow rate: 0.5mL/min; sample injection amount is 10.0 mu L; the detection wavelength is 265nm; time gradient: (0-33.00 min:40% B), (33.01-34.00 min:100% B), (34.01-46.00 min:100% B), (46.01-47.00 min:40% B), (47.01-60.00 min:40% B), abscisic acid t in flower buds R =31.919min。
2 results and analysis
2.1 working curve of abscisic acid
Drawing a standard working curve by taking different abscisic acid concentrations as an abscissa and peak areas as an ordinate, and solving a regression equation of y= 55948x-0.9761, R 2 =0.999。
2.2 content of flower bud abscisic acid in dormancy stage of peach germplasm with different coldness required
As can be seen from Table 1, the content of abscisic acid in flower buds of peach germplasm resources with different coldness required is stable and the fluctuation is small in 11 months 15-12 months 15 days. The flower bud abscisic acid content of the peach variety with the cooling capacity of less than 300h is lower than 13.50 mug/g, the flower bud abscisic acid content of the remaining 10 peach germplasm resources with the cooling capacity of more than 300h is higher than 13.50 mug/g, and detailed data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 flower bud abscisic acid content of different Cold-required peach germplasm dormancy stage
Conclusion 3
The content of abscisic acid in the peach germplasm resource dried flower buds with extremely low cold demand (the cold demand is less than 300 h) is lower than 13.50 mug/g. Therefore, the peach germplasm resources with unknown cold demand can be identified and distinguished by measuring the abscisic acid content in the dried flower buds by using a high performance liquid chromatograph 15d before and after a large amount of defoliation period in winter.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold requirement is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting different cold energy required peach germplasm resources for healthy growth;
2) Sampling: collecting 5.0g of middle-year fruit branch buds of a crown with the middle-upper part robust in 15 days before and after a large number of defoliation periods in winter, quick-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and preserving in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ for later use;
3) Drawing an abscisic acid working curve: weighing 4.0mg of an abscisic acid standard substance, respectively using methanol to fix the volume in a 100.0mL volumetric flask, taking the mother solution with the concentration of 0.04mg/mL, respectively taking 2.0mL, 2.5mL, 3.0mL, 4.0mL, 5.0mL and 6.0mL of the mother solution, placing the mother solution in a 10mL volumetric flask, diluting the mother solution into solutions with different concentration gradients by using methanol, filtering the solutions by using a 0.22um organic filter membrane, measuring peak areas of abscisic acid with different concentrations by using a high performance liquid chromatograph, and drawing a working curve according to the peak areas and the concentrations of the abscisic acid;
4) Extraction of abscisic acid: quick-freezing the fresh flower buds collected in the step 2) by using liquid nitrogen, drying to constant weight by using a freeze dryer, fully grinding and crushing, accurately weighing 100.0mg, placing into a 2.5mL centrifuge tube, adding an extracting solution, namely methanol and water, of which the formic acid=80:20:0.2, and 1.5mL, vibrating and extracting for 40min in a shaking table, centrifuging for 8min,14000r/min, centrifuging at 4 ℃, sucking the supernatant, placing into a new 5mL centrifuge tube, extracting for 2 times by using the same extracting method, merging the extracting solutions, volatilizing the solvent by using a nitrogen blowing instrument, adding 1mL of 50% methanol aqueous solution for re-dissolution, filtering by using a 0.22um organic filter membrane, and then loading into the machine for analysis;
5) And (3) measuring the content of abscisic acid: and (3) measuring the content of abscisic acid in flower buds by adopting a high performance liquid chromatograph, wherein the conditions are as follows:
chromatographic column: YMC-Pack ODS-AM,150×4.6mm,3 μm; column temperature: 30.0 ℃; the detection wavelength is 265nm;
mobile phase a:0.1% formic acid in water; mobile phase B: methanol; flow rate: 0.5mL/min; sample injection amount is 10.0 mu L;
time gradient: 0.00-33.00min:40% B, 33.01-34.00min:100% B, 34.01-46.00min:100% B, 46.01-47.00min:40% B, 47.01-60.00min:40% b;
6) When the content of abscisic acid in the dried flower buds of the peach germplasm resources with unknown cold demand is less than 13.50 mug/g, the peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold demand are identified, and the cold demand is less than 300 hours.
2. The method for identifying peach germplasm resources with very low cold requirements according to claim 1, wherein: the peach germplasm resources with different cold requirements in the step 1) are selected from tropical prince, mountain sweet peach, flordaglo, marie, sunrayer, early red No. 2, medium oil No. 13, double Buddha, meidian, five month fire, amorcin, chunmei, brocade spring, brocade and brocade.
3. The method for identifying peach germplasm resources with very low cold requirements according to claim 1, wherein: the high performance liquid chromatograph in the step 3) is selected from Shimadzu LC-20AT.
4. The method for identifying peach germplasm resources with very low cold requirements according to claim 1, wherein: the solution of step 3) diluted with methanol to different concentration gradients was a solution that gave a concentration of 0.008mg/mL, 0.001mg/mL, 0.0012mg/mL, 0.0016mg/mL, 0.0020mg/mL, 0.0024 mg/mL.
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