CN111487291A - Method for efficiently evaluating cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds based on electronic nose detection technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently evaluating cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds based on an electronic nose detection technology. The method comprises the steps of detecting the odor of flower bud volatile substances in different stages of cold accumulation in physiological dormancy and release processes of flower buds of representative peach variety resources with known cold requirement in a certain climate region by using an electronic nose detection technology and a data analysis system, analyzing and distinguishing data by using a principal component and linear discriminant method, quantifying by using a partial least square method, and clustering by using an Euclidean distance and Mahalanobis distance clustering method. The method can be used for estimating the cold demand of flower buds and predicting the cold accumulation stage of the peach variety resource with unknown cold demand. The peach blossom bud cold demand evaluation method is accurate in result, rapid and efficient, high in application value in peach cold demand evaluation work in the future, and great in innovation reference significance to other deciduous fruit tree or plant cold demand evaluation methods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for efficiently evaluating cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds based on an electronic nose detection technology.
Background
The cold requirement is an important agronomic character of peaches and other deciduous fruit trees, and is a quantitative index of physiological dormancy and release thereof in a low-temperature environment. The cold demand is directly related to the success or failure and the distribution area of the fruit tree cultivation, so the cold demand evaluation is an important precondition for purposefully carrying out the breeding of different cold demand varieties and the optimal configuration of the cultivation area.
The existing method for evaluating the cold demand of peaches and other deciduous fruit trees and plants at home and abroad has 3 types, the first method is field observation and statistics compared with the general field, and the method is applied to the establishment of a cold demand estimation model and is hardly adopted in the actual cold demand evaluation. The second is a manual control test, namely continuously collecting branches for 3-5 years in the cold energy accumulation process, and manually controlling light, temperature and humidity for culture; in order to ensure the viability of the branches in the culture process, the culture solution needs to be replaced and new stubbles need to be trimmed every 3-5 days, and the culture is carried out for 10 days or up to 3 weeks; then carrying out graded statistics based on the weight or morphological change of the flower buds, wherein the branch collection time is the cold requirement meeting when the weight, the germination rate or the flowering number of the flower buds reaches a certain value or proportion; then, by combining with temperature statistics in a cold accumulation process, estimating cold demand by using a cold demand estimation model, such as 0-7.2 ℃, Taotai and a dynamic model; the method is the most common method all the time, but the defects are very obvious, namely the culture conditions are harsh, the procedures are complex and tedious, the workload is large, the statistics is complex, the environmental and human factors influencing the results in the evaluation process are too many, and the control difficulty is large. The third is that the partial least square regression analysis based on long-term (at least more than 15 years) and reliable meteorological and phenological data proposed in recent years estimates the cold demand, and the method has strict requirement on basic data, needs accurate and complete meteorological and phenological data for at least more than 15 years, is not suitable for new variety resources without phenological records, and has very few applications. Therefore, the defects of the existing evaluation method greatly limit the cold demand evaluation process. Based on the above, the research and establishment of the technology and the method for efficiently evaluating the cooling demand capacity are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for efficiently evaluating the cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds based on an electronic nose detection technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for efficiently evaluating the cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds based on an electronic nose detection technology comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps: zoning an area with agricultural climate to be tested[1,2]A plurality of typical peach variety resources with known cooling capacity need, and flower bud collection is carried out; respectively splitting the flower buds at different cold accumulation stages, standing in a sealed container for a period of time, and measuring the odor of volatile substances by using an electronic nose; analyzing and distinguishing the odor of the flower buds at each stage, and establishing a quantitative model so as to establish the corresponding relation between the odor of volatile substances and the ratio of real-time cold energy to cold energy required in the physiological dormancy and release processes of the flower buds of the peach variety resources;
(2) the method comprises the following steps: detecting the odor of volatile substances in flower buds of any cold accumulation period in the physiological dormancy and release processes of peach variety resources with unknown cold demand in the agricultural climate zoning area, carrying out quantitative analysis by using the quantitative model established in the step (1), and estimating the ratio of real-time cold in the cold accumulation period to the cold demand; calculating the real-time cold quantity of any cold quantity accumulation period in the physiological dormancy and release processes of the flower buds of the peach variety resource with unknown cold quantity demand according to the temperature data and the effective low temperature accumulation starting point date; calculating and estimating the cooling demand, wherein the formula is as follows: and (4) the estimated cooling demand is the ratio of real-time cooling capacity/real-time cooling capacity to the cooling demand, and the estimated cooling demand of the peach variety resource with unknown cooling demand is obtained.
Setting a plurality of cold quantity accumulation stages according to the ratio of real-time cold quantity to cold quantity required in the flower bud physiological dormancy and release processes in the step (1), and establishing the corresponding relation between the odor of volatile substances and the ratio of real-time cold quantity to cold quantity required in different cold quantity accumulation stages in the flower bud physiological dormancy and release processes of the peach variety resources; and (2) performing cluster analysis by using the quantitative model established in the step (1) to estimate the cold accumulation stage of the real-time cold in the cold accumulation period. The setting of the ratio in the step (1) is to avoid the factor of large variation degree of the refrigeration capacity required by peach variety resources and achieve the purpose of unifying the refrigeration capacity accumulation stages of different refrigeration capacity required variety resources.
Preferably, in the step (2), clustering analysis is further performed by using the quantitative model established in the step (1), and the cold accumulation stage where the real-time cold in the cold accumulation period is located is estimated.
Preferably, the typical peach variety resources with known refrigeration requirement in the step (1) are variety resources which are evaluated for 3-5 years, the refrigeration requirement is relatively stable in years, and the standard deviation of the refrigeration requirement in continuous years is below 10% of the average value.
Preferably, the representative peach variety resources in the step (1) at least cover variety resources with extremely short, medium and long cold demand, and the standard is defined on page 83 of the first book "peach germplasm resource description specification and data standard" published by the Chinese agriculture press.
Preferably, the real-time cooling capacity is an actual cooling capacity accumulation value from an effective low-temperature accumulation starting point date to a sampling date after leaves fall in autumn, and can be specifically performed by a method described by a cooling capacity estimation model (such as a 0-7.2 ℃ model, a Uygur model, a dynamic model and the like) which is suitable for the agricultural climate zoning area or is widely applied.
Preferably, the method for setting the stage and determining the flower bud collection time in the step (1) comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of setting the cooling capacity requirement of each representative known peach variety resource as 1, setting each variety in stages according to the ratio of real-time cooling capacity to the cooling capacity requirement in the physiological dormancy and release processes of flower buds after leaves fall in autumn, wherein the value range of the ratio is 0-1.2, the number and density of stages are random, calculating the ratio of the real-time cooling capacity to the cooling capacity requirement according to the real-time cooling capacity, and determining the flower bud acquisition time of each stage according to the time when the ratio reaches each set ratio.
Preferably, when flower buds at each stage are collected, flower buds on annual branches which grow mixed buds or flower buds and are full and full of buds are selected, and whole trees are randomly collected.
Preferably, the sealed container is placed in an environment with the temperature of 20-30 ℃, the period of time is 0.5-2 hours, and the temperature and the time selected by the method in the same method are consistent.
Preferably, the detection flow rate of the electronic nose is 300-400 ml/min, the detection time is 45-60 s, stable signals of 3-10 time points are taken, and the values of sensors at the stable signals comprehensively represent the odor of volatile substances in different cold accumulation stages of the peach blossom buds.
The distinguishing in the step (1) is to utilize an electronic nose data analysis system to conduct staged leading-in of the selected stable signal data according to the set ratio of real-time cold quantity and cold quantity required in different cold quantity accumulation stages, and conduct principal component and discriminant analysis;
the quantification is to use an electronic nose data analysis system to assign a set ratio to the stable signal data selected in each cold accumulation stage respectively, and to use a partial least square method to establish a quantitative model;
the clustering is to establish a quantitative model by utilizing an established partial least square method and carry out clustering analysis by utilizing an Euclidean distance and Mahalanobis distance clustering method;
the presumption is that the ratio of real-time cold quantity of the flower bud sample in any cold quantity accumulation period in the physiological dormancy and release processes of the flower bud of the unknown cold quantity-requiring variety resource and the presumption of the cold quantity accumulation stage are carried out by utilizing the established quantitative model.
Preferably, the units of the cold demand, the real-time cold demand and the estimated cold demand are consistent and depend on the used cold demand estimation model.
The invention relates to a method for estimating cold demand of flower bud resources by using an electronic nose detection technology, wherein the odor of volatile substances in the physiological dormancy and release process of the flower bud is associated with the actual cold demand accumulation value of the flower bud, the relation between the odor of the volatile substances in the physiological dormancy and release process of the flower bud and the ratio of real-time cold demand to cold demand in different stages in the cold accumulation process of the flower bud is established, the method can determine the odor of the volatile substances of a flower bud sample at any cold accumulation period in the physiological dormancy and release process of the flower bud of variety resources with unknown cold demand at one time, estimate the ratio of the actual cold demand accumulation value (real-time cold) to cold demand of the sample, calculate the real-time cold demand of the flower bud sample by combining a cold demand estimation model and air temperature data, estimate the ratio estimated by the real-time cold demand dividing method, and estimate the stage of the actual cold demand, the purpose of efficiently and conveniently evaluating the cooling capacity required by peach variety resources is achieved, and the defects that the existing method wastes time and labor and has strict basic data requirements are overcome; in addition, the method established by the invention is based on the odor of volatile substances in different accumulation stages of the flower buds, namely the physiological indexes in the physiological dormancy and release processes of the flower buds as basic data, and overcomes the defects that the result of the existing method is easily influenced by multiple factors of artificial control test conditions, inter-annual weather and the like. The method creatively adopts the odor detection of flower bud volatile substances based on the peach flower bud physiological dormancy and the flower bud volatile substances in the process of relieving, establishes the corresponding relation between the odor and the cold quantity accumulation, and evaluates the cold quantity demand.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of the response of an electronic nasal sensor to a peach bud ('charysupon No. 8' 20190109) volatile substance (time on the abscissa and response on the ordinate).
FIG. 2 shows the principal component analysis of the odor of volatile substances in different cold accumulation stages of flower buds of 9 known cold-requiring peach variety resources (the abscissa is the first principal component and the ordinate is the second principal component).
FIG. 3 is a linear discriminant analysis of the odors of volatile substances in different cold accumulation stages of flower buds of 9 known cold-requiring peach variety resources (the abscissa is a first discriminant and the ordinate is a second discriminant).
FIG. 4 is a quality judgment result of a partial least square quantitative model of volatile substance odor in different cold accumulation stages of 9 known cold-demand peach variety resource flower buds.
FIG. 5 is a result display of the ratio of real-time cooling capacity to cooling capacity demand obtained from a quantitative model of a flower bud sample ('Xinjiang yellow meat' 20200123) of a peach variety with unknown cooling capacity demand.
FIG. 6 is a demonstration of the results of the refrigeration accumulation stage obtained by the Euclidean distance and Ma distance analysis of a flower bud sample ('Xinjiang yellow meat' 20200123) of a peach variety resource with unknown refrigeration requirement.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The electronic nose used in this example was PEN3.5 electronic nose from AIRSENSE, germany.
2018 and 2019, flower buds of 9 peach variety resources with known cold demand in Nanjing area (the cold demand is continuously evaluated for 3 years by an early-stage manual control test method, the cold demand is relatively stable, the range is 208 +/-20-1040 +/-55 h, and the types of extremely short, medium and long are covered) are taken as materials, the flower buds are taken from the adult trees in the national peach resource garden of the agricultural academy of sciences in Jiangsu province, and the field is uniformly managed. The cold requirement of flower buds of each variety resource is defined as 1, 5 stages are set for each variety resource according to the ratio of real-time cold to the respective cold requirement, namely I (0), II (0.4), III (0.8), IV (1) and V (1.2), the cold accumulation starting point time is determined according to an estimation model (which is widely applied and is more suitable for the agricultural climate zoning area) of 0-7.2 ℃, namely the date when the average temperature of autumn day stably passes through 7.2 ℃ is taken as the starting point of effective low-temperature accumulation (12 and 6 days in 2018), according to the starting point, the ratio of real-time cold and real-time cold to the cold requirement of each variety resource is calculated by combining air temperature data, when the ratio of real-time cold to the cold requirement of each variety resource reaches the set ratio of each stage, namely 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 1.2, the flower bud collection date of each stage of each variety resource is determined, and flower buds are collected, the names of various varieties of resources, cold demands and real-time cold of flower buds and sampling time of various stages are shown in a table 1, the flower buds are collected according to the table 1 (3 times of repetition) to be subjected to electronic nose detection, the detection flow rate is 300ml/min, the time is 50s, stable signals of 8 time points of 28 th to 35 th s of each sample are taken, the selected stable signal data are led in by stages according to the set ratio of the real-time cold and the cold demands of various cold accumulation stages, namely 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 1.2, principal component and discriminant analysis is carried out, quantitative models can be well established by obviously distinguishing various cold accumulation stages, the selected stable signal data of various cold accumulation stages are respectively endowed with the set ratio, namely 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 1.2, a partial least square method quantitative model is established, and based on F detection and subsequent probability (P value) estimation, the model Quality (Quality in FIG. 5) was 100%, meaning that the P value was 1.0, and the quantitative model was judged to be a good model.
Table 19 real-time cooling capacities and collection dates of flower buds of peach varieties with known cooling capacity requirements at different stages of accumulation of resource cooling capacities
The electronic nose of figure 1 has obvious response to the volatile substances of peach blossom buds, the resistance ratio is lower at the beginning, the resistance ratio of the sensor continuously increases and finally becomes gentle as the volatile substances are enriched on the surface of the sensor, a very stable state is achieved in the range of 28-42s, and the response of each sensor to the volatile substances of the peach blossom buds is different. W1S (methane), W1W (hydrogen sulfide), W2W (aromatic component, organic sulfide), W5S (nitrogen oxide) have higher relative resistivity values than other sensors.
In the main component analysis of fig. 2, the division values of the peach blossom buds in different cold accumulation stages are all above 0.998 (the division values are shown in table 2), the contribution rates of the first main component and the second main component are 84.76% and 12.90% respectively, the total contribution rate is 97.66%, and the two main components simultaneously play a role in distinguishing the different cold accumulation stages of the peach blossom buds.
FIG. 3 shows the linear discriminant analysis, where the total contribution of the two discriminants is 80.49%, and the contributions of the first and second discriminants are 64.69% and 15.80%, respectively. Along with the increasing of the first discriminant, the cold accumulation degree of peach blossom buds is gradually increased, except that the stage III is slightly crossed with the stages IV and V (namely the ratio of the real-time cold to the cold demand is 0.8 and 1 and 1.2), the stage I and the stage II (namely the ratio of the real-time cold to the cold demand is 0 and 0.4 respectively) can be obviously distinguished from each other, and can be obviously distinguished from the stages III, IV and V. It shows that different stages of cold accumulation in the physiological dormancy and release processes of peach blossom buds can be distinguished by linear discriminant analysis.
Fig. 4 shows the quantitative model Quality determination result established by the partial least squares method, and based on the F-test and subsequent probability (P-value) estimation, the model Quality (Quality in fig. 5) is 100%, i.e., P-value is 1.0, and the quantitative model is determined to be a good model.
TABLE 2 differentiation degree values of different accumulation stages of cold energy of peach variety resource flower buds
Application and verification: the method comprises the steps of collecting 14 variety resources with unknown cold demand (based on the basic theory that the shorter the cold demand is, the earlier the full-bloom stage is, the longer the cold demand is and the later the full-bloom stage is, the more the cold demand is and the later the full-bloom stage is, the samples of 23 different sampling periods of the variety resources selected by verification in the embodiment have large difference in the full-bloom stage and cover the variety resources with the earliest, middle, later and latest as much as possible) in 2019-2020, combining a 0-7.2 ℃ cold demand estimation model (which is widely applied and is more suitable for the zoning area of the agricultural climate) in order to achieve the comprehensive and optimal verification effect of the established method for efficiently evaluating the cold demand of the peach buds based on the electronic nose detection technology, estimating the cold demand by utilizing the established method for efficiently evaluating the cold demand of the peach buds based on the electronic nose detection technology, meanwhile, the existing manual control test is used for estimating the cold demand, and the cold demand results obtained by the two methods are compared. Collecting flower bud samples (3 times of repetition) in any cold accumulation period in the flower bud physiological dormancy and release processes for electronic nose detection, and detecting volatile substances by using the established method; calculating the real-time cold quantity in any cold quantity accumulation period according to cold quantity accumulation starting time (11 months and 27 days in 2019) determined by a 0-7.2 ℃ estimation model and temperature data; carrying out quantitative analysis by using the established method, and calculating the ratio of real-time cold volume to cold volume required; finally, according to the formula: the estimated cold demand is the ratio of real-time cold to real-time cold in the cold demand, and the estimated cold demand is obtained; finally, the estimated cold demand is compared with the cold demand estimated by the manual control test, the result is shown in table 3, and the difference between the estimated cold demand obtained by the method established by the invention and the estimated cold demand obtained by the manual control test is not obvious (the significance level is 0.05) by using the matched sample T test of SPSS statistical software; the method established by the invention is used for evaluating the cooling capacity demand of the unknown peach variety resources. The two clustering methods are used for estimating the cold accumulation stages of the samples in 23 different sampling periods, wherein 18 estimations are consistent, and only 5 estimations are in and out, so that the method can be used for estimating the cold accumulation stage of any sample in the physiological dormancy and release processes of the flower buds, and weights are added for the accuracy of the method. In addition, when the method established by the invention is applied to the evaluation of the cold demand of certain unknown peach variety resource, the method can be used for carrying out multiple evaluations in the physiological dormancy and release processes of flower buds, such as 'Jinling yellow dew', 'Xiagui' and 'Xinjiang yellow meat' in the verification of the embodiment, and the average value of the cold demand estimated each time is taken as the evaluation result of the cold demand, so that a better evaluation effect can be obtained.
TABLE 3 model verification results
Reference documents:
1. dun bao sword, luqi yao, agricultural climate zoning and method [ M ]. scientific press, 1987.
2. Qi protecting and Rifu, a domestic and foreign agricultural climate zoning method [ J ] meteorological science and technology, 1980(02) 34-37.
Claims (10)
1. A method for efficiently evaluating the cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds based on an electronic nose detection technology comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps: adopting a plurality of typical peach variety resources with known cooling capacity requirements in the agricultural climate zoning area to be detected, and performing flower bud collection; respectively splitting the flower buds at different cold accumulation stages, standing in a sealed container for a period of time, and measuring the odor of volatile substances by using an electronic nose; analyzing and distinguishing the odor of the flower buds at each stage, and establishing a quantitative model so as to establish the corresponding relation between the odor of volatile substances and the ratio of real-time cold energy to cold energy required in the physiological dormancy and release processes of the flower buds of the peach variety resources;
(2) the method comprises the following steps: detecting the odor of volatile substances in flower buds of any cold accumulation period in the physiological dormancy and release processes of peach variety resources with unknown cold demand in the agricultural climate zoning area, carrying out quantitative analysis by using the quantitative model established in the step (1), and estimating the ratio of real-time cold in the cold accumulation period to the cold demand; calculating the real-time cold quantity of any cold quantity accumulation period in the physiological dormancy and release processes of the flower buds of the peach variety resource with unknown cold quantity demand according to the temperature data and the effective low temperature accumulation starting point date; calculating and estimating the cooling demand, wherein the formula is as follows: and (4) the estimated cooling demand is the ratio of real-time cooling capacity/real-time cooling capacity to the cooling demand, and the estimated cooling demand of the peach variety resource with unknown cooling demand is obtained.
2. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: setting a plurality of cold quantity accumulation stages according to the ratio of real-time cold quantity to cold quantity required in the flower bud physiological dormancy and release processes in the step (1), and establishing the corresponding relation between the odor of volatile substances and the ratio of real-time cold quantity to cold quantity required in different cold quantity accumulation stages in the flower bud physiological dormancy and release processes of the peach variety resources; and (2) performing cluster analysis by using the quantitative model established in the step (1) to estimate the cold accumulation stage of the real-time cold in the cold accumulation period.
3. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the typical peach variety resources with known refrigeration capacity in the step (1) are variety resources which are evaluated for 3-5 years, the refrigeration capacity is relatively stable in year, and the standard deviation of the refrigeration capacity in successive years is below 10% of the average value.
4. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the typical peach variety resources with known refrigeration requirement in the step (1) at least cover variety resources with extremely short, medium and long refrigeration requirement.
5. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the real-time cold is an actual cold accumulation value from an effective low-temperature accumulation starting date to a sampling date after leaves fall in autumn.
6. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the method for setting the stage in the step (1) comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of setting the cooling capacity requirement of each representative known peach variety resource as 1, setting each variety resource in stages from small to large according to the ratio of real-time cooling capacity to cooling capacity requirement in the physiological dormancy and release processes of flower buds after leaves fall in autumn, wherein the value range of the ratio is 0-1.2, the number and density of stages are random, calculating the ratio of the real-time cooling capacity to the cooling capacity requirement according to the real-time cooling capacity, and determining the time when the ratio reaches each set ratio as the flower bud acquisition time of each stage.
7. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: and when the flower buds at each stage are collected, selecting the flower buds on the annual branches which grow mixed buds or flower buds and are full and full of buds, and randomly collecting the whole tree.
8. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the sealed container is placed in an environment with the temperature of 20-30 ℃, the period of time is 0.5-2 hours, and the temperature and the time selected in the same method are consistent.
9. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the detection flow rate of the electronic nose is 300-400 ml/min, the detection time is 45-60 s, 3-10 stable signals at time points are taken, and the value of each sensor at the stable signal position comprehensively represents the odor of the flower bud volatile substances at different cold accumulation stages of the peach.
10. The method for efficiently evaluating the cold requirement of peach blossom buds based on the electronic nose detection technology as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the units of the cold demand, the real-time cold demand and the estimated cold demand are consistent and depend on the used cold demand estimation model.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112067746A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-11 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Method for measuring cold demand of peaches by living body |
| CN112913497A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for measuring cooling capacity required by peach blossom buds under facility conditions |
| CN114740114A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-12 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Method for identifying extremely-low-cold-demand peach germplasm resources |
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| CN114740114B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-05-26 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Method for identifying peach germplasm resources with extremely low cold requirement |
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