CN112063321A - 一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN112063321A
CN112063321A CN201910503124.4A CN201910503124A CN112063321A CN 112063321 A CN112063321 A CN 112063321A CN 201910503124 A CN201910503124 A CN 201910503124A CN 112063321 A CN112063321 A CN 112063321A
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王建国
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜,包括由外至内依次设置的基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层;其中,所述基材背层包括以下重量配比的组分:低密度聚乙烯10‑30份、高密度聚乙烯50‑80份、防粘连母料5‑15份、抗UV助剂0.1‑2份;所述胶粘层为热塑性弹性体类热熔压敏胶;所述基材背层、所述增韧层、所述弹性体层和所述胶粘层采用四层共挤工艺形成一体。该保护膜通过多层共挤成型,不同的塑料层之间功能互补,产品柔软,拉伸强度较好,同时具有一定的韧性和稳定的粘附性能。

Description

一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车油漆保护膜生产技术领域,具体涉及一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜及其制备工艺。
背景技术
汽车的外壳通常都由薄钢板制成,外壳面上喷涂有一层光亮的油漆。为了避免汽车油漆在汽车生产组装及后续运输过程中受到摩擦、碰撞或因安装不当造成其表面划伤或粘灰尘、油污等问题,需要在汽车油漆表面贴附一层保护膜,在结束加工、组装、运输、贮存等处理后,客户购买使用车时再揭去该保护膜。
目前,市场上商用化的汽车油漆保护膜如德国的Tesa保护膜、Poli-film保护膜、瑞士的西卡保护膜、美国的3M保护膜,均是通过两道工序制备而成,先通过第一道工序生产出聚烯烃保护膜基材层,再通过第二道工序在基材层上涂布胶粘剂,经过烘干形成胶粘层。通过上述方法制备出的汽车油漆保护膜具有以下缺陷:(1)使用的胶粘剂中含有有机溶剂,在生产过程中会造成环境污染,且最终制备出的保护膜中的胶粘层中会有不同程度的残留;(2)保护膜的胶粘层的粘合度不稳定,在使用过程中存在因胶粘层与汽车表面的粘合度较差,导致保护膜与汽车表面的贴合度较差,导致保护膜的保护效果差,或存在胶粘层与汽车表面的黏合度太强,揭去保护膜时导致汽车表面残胶污染,难以清洗;(3)此外,通过两道加工工序生产,造成加工成本较高。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜,通过多层共挤成型,不同的塑料层之间功能互补,产品柔软,拉伸强度较好,同时具有一定的韧性和稳定的粘附性能;此外,本发明还提供一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜的制备工艺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜,包括由外至内依次设置的基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层;其中,所述基材背层包括以下重量配比的组分:低密度聚乙烯10-30份、高密度聚乙烯50-80份、防粘连母料5-15份、抗UV助剂0.1-2份;所述胶粘层为热塑性弹性体类热熔压敏胶;所述基材背层、所述增韧层、所述弹性体层和所述胶粘层采用四层共挤工艺形成一体。基材背层采用价格低廉的低密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯作为主要原料,其延展率好,挤出成型效果佳。
进一步地,所述热塑性弹性体类热熔压敏胶中含有二氧化硅空心微珠,所述二氧化硅空心微珠的平均直径为10-30μm。其中热塑性弹性体类热熔压敏胶可选为苯乙烯嵌段共聚体热塑性弹性体,通过在热塑性弹性体类热熔压敏胶中加入二氧化硅空心微珠,用于排出最终制备的保护膜粘贴在凹凸不平的汽车表面时产生的气泡,保证保护膜与汽车表面的贴合效果。
进一步地,所述弹性体层包括以下重量配比的组分:热塑性弹性体80-120份、抗氧剂0.1-3份、钛白粉1-15份和粘度调节剂2-20份。其中热塑性弹性为优选为苯乙烯嵌段共聚体热塑性弹性体。
通过在弹性体层中加入受阻酚类抗氧剂,优选为受阻酚类抗氧剂1010,其化学名称为四[甲基-β-(3、5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸]季戊醇酯,抗氧剂的加入可以弥补热塑性弹性体长期光照下易变色老化的不足,使得最终制备出的保护膜在日光照射下具有良好的防变色,抗老化性能。钛白粉的加入与抗氧剂配合,具有补强、抗老化性,最终制备出的保护膜耐日晒、不变色、不开裂、延展性较好。
粘度调节剂为工业白油、环烷基油、聚丁烯或聚异丁烯,其中聚丁烯的分子量小于10000。采用粘度调节剂对热塑性弹性体的强度、压缩回弹、加工性能进行改进,有效的优化了热塑性弹性体的拉伸性能、弹性及压缩性能,同时明显扩大了热塑性弹性体的温度适用范围。
进一步地,所述增韧层为聚丙烯与聚烯烃弹性体的共混物,所述聚烯烃弹性体为无规共聚体POE或嵌段共聚体OBC。
进一步地,所述保护膜的厚度为50-150微米,保护膜中基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层的层厚比优选为:2:(1.5-3):(5-10):(2-5)。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种上述环保型汽车油漆保护膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、分别将基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的原料依次添加到混合机中,进行充分搅拌混合,将搅拌混合后的物料分别加入到双螺杆挤出机的料筒内,经过挤出造粒得到基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的塑料粒子;
S2、然后将基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的塑料粒子分别加入到各层对应的容量槽中,并分别由投料机自动加入到多层共挤流涎机中进行成膜处理,然后经冷却定型形成薄膜;
S3、对薄膜进行测厚、切边、收卷、分切、包装,得到汽车油漆保护膜。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明中采用四层共挤工艺,由于各层之间的相容性较好,保护膜中各层之间的结合力远比涂布工艺的结合力强,不会存在胶粘层转移或脱落的现象,基材背层具有耐刮擦、吸收紫外线、易解卷的功能,增韧层为保护膜提供支撑作用,弹性体层具有弹性和压缩性能,温度适用范围较广,胶粘层提供稳定的黏合性能,保证贴合效果的同时不会影响汽车油漆表面,保护膜可重复贴合,不会产生残胶现象;通过多层共挤成型,不同的塑料层之间功能互补,产品柔软,拉伸强度较好,同时具有一定的韧性和稳定的粘附性能;此外,保护膜在进行贴膜过程中吸收打折产生的压应力,避免产生折痕。
附图说明
图1为本发明中汽车油漆保护膜的示意图;
图中标记为:保护膜1,基材背层2,增韧层3,弹性体层4,胶粘层5。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜,包括由外至内依次设置的基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层,基材背层、所述增韧层、所述弹性体层和所述胶粘层采用四层共挤工艺形成一体,保护膜的厚度为120微米,保护膜中基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层的层厚比优选为:2:1.5:8:4。
其中,基材背层2包括以下重量配比的组分:低密度聚乙烯10份、高密度聚乙烯80份、防粘连母15份、UV-531(2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)0.1份。
增韧层为聚丙烯100份、无规共聚体POE(陶氏POE5371)15份。
弹性体层包括以下重量配比的组分:热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚体80份、受阻酚类抗氧剂1010为3份、钛白粉1份和粘度调节剂(选为工业白油)10份。
胶粘层为热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚体100份、增粘树脂15份、抗氧剂3份、平均直径为10μm的二氧化硅空心微珠3份。
制备方法如下:
S1、分别将基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的原料依次添加到混合机中,进行充分搅拌混合,搅拌速度为100-120r/min,搅拌时间5-10分钟;将搅拌混合后的物料分别加入到双螺杆挤出机的料筒内,经过挤出造粒得到基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的塑料粒子;
S2、然后将基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的塑料粒子分别加入到各层对应的容量槽中,并分别由投料机自动加入到多层共挤流涎机中进行成膜处理,然后经冷却定型形成薄膜;
S3、对薄膜进行测厚、切边、收卷、分切、包装,得到汽车油漆保护膜。
实施例2
一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜,包括由外至内依次设置的基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层,基材背层、所述增韧层、所述弹性体层和所述胶粘层采用四层共挤工艺形成一体,保护膜的厚度为50微米,保护膜中基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层的层厚比优选为:2:3:10:5。
其中,基材背层包括以下重量配比的组分:低密度聚乙烯30份、高密度聚乙烯50份、防粘连母料8份、UV-531(2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)2份。
增韧层为聚丙烯80份、无规共聚体POE(陶氏POE5371)15份。
弹性体层包括以下重量配比的组分:热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚体100份、受阻酚类抗氧剂1010为1.5份、钛白粉8份和粘度调节剂(选为聚丁烯)20份。
胶粘层为热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚体100份、增粘树脂20份、抗氧剂3份、平均直径为15μm的二氧化硅空心微珠0.08份。
制备方法如实施例1所示。
实施例3
一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜1,包括由外至内依次设置的基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层,基材背层、所述增韧层、所述弹性体层和所述胶粘层采用四层共挤工艺形成一体,保护膜的厚度为150微米,保护膜中基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层的层厚比优选为:2:2.1:5:2。
其中,基材背层包括以下重量配比的组分:低密度聚乙烯18份、高密度聚乙烯72份、防粘连母料5份、UV-531(2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)1.2份。
增韧层为聚丙烯86份、嵌段共聚体OBC(陶氏OBC9107)15份。
弹性体层包括以下重量配比的组分:热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚体120份、受阻酚类抗氧剂1010为0.1份、钛白粉15份和粘度调节剂(选为环烷基油)2份。
胶粘层为热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚体100份、增粘树脂25份、抗氧剂3份、平均直径为30μm的二氧化硅空心微珠0.01份。
试验例
保护膜测试
将实施例1中制备得到的保护膜切割成尺寸为25×300mm的5片,将喷涂有油漆的钢板用带酒精的无尘布擦拭干净,放置2分钟,将切好的5片保护膜正贴于喷涂有油漆的钢板中间,用重为2kg的滚轮以300mm/min的速度,来回各压一次,将其在温度为60℃,湿度为95%的环境中放置5天。
经测试,放置后的保护膜均不会出现打皱,收缩,卷尾现象,且撕去保护膜后,钢板的油漆面无残胶、无起雾现象,将保护膜打折后贴钢板油漆面后不会产生折痕。
本发明中采用四层共挤工艺,各层之间的结合力远比涂布工艺的结合力强,不会存在胶粘层转移或脱落的现象,基材背层具有耐刮擦、吸收紫外线、易解卷的功能,增韧层为保护膜提供支撑作用,弹性体层具有弹性和压缩性能,温度适用范围较广,胶粘层提供稳定的黏附性能,保证贴合效果的同时不会影响汽车油漆表面,保护膜可重复贴合,不会产生残胶现象;通过多层共挤成型,不同的塑料层之间功能互补,产品柔软,拉伸强度较好,同时具有一定的韧性和稳定的粘附性能。
以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述,只是用于帮助理解本发明,并不用以限制本发明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员,依据本发明的思想,还可以做出若干简单推演、变形或替换。

Claims (8)

1.一种环保型汽车油漆保护膜,其特征在于,包括由外至内依次设置的基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层;其中,所述基材背层包括以下重量配比的组分:低密度聚乙烯10-30份、高密度聚乙烯50-80份、防粘连母料5-15份、抗UV助剂0.1-2份;所述胶粘层为热塑性弹性体类热熔压敏胶;所述基材背层、所述增韧层、所述弹性体层和所述胶粘层采用四层共挤工艺形成一体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型汽车油漆保护膜,其特征在于,所述热塑性弹性体类热熔压敏胶中含有二氧化硅空心微珠,所述二氧化硅空心微珠的平均直径为10-30μm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的环保型汽车油漆保护膜,其特征在于,所述弹性体层包括以下重量配比的组分:热塑性弹性体80-120份、抗氧剂0.1-3份、钛白粉1-15份和粘度调节剂2-20份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环保型汽车油漆保护膜,其特征在于,所述粘度调节剂为工业白油、环烷基油、聚丁烯或聚异丁烯。
5.根据权利要求3所述的环保型汽车油漆保护膜,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保型汽车油漆保护膜,其特征在于,所述增韧层为聚丙烯与聚烯烃弹性体的共混物,所述聚烯烃弹性体为无规共聚体POE或嵌段共聚体OBC。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保型汽车油漆保护膜,其特征在于,所述保护膜的厚度为50-150微米。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的环保型汽车油漆保护膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、分别将基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的原料依次添加到混合机中,进行充分搅拌混合,将搅拌混合后的物料分别加入到双螺杆挤出机的料筒内,经过挤出造粒得到基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的塑料粒子;
S2、然后将基材背层、增韧层、弹性体层和胶粘层对应的塑料粒子分别加入到各层对应的容量槽中,并分别由投料机自动加入到多层共挤流涎机中进行成膜处理,然后经冷却定型形成薄膜;
S3、对薄膜进行测厚、切边、收卷、分切、包装,得到汽车油漆保护膜。
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