CN112042419A - Method for regulating and controlling flowering and fruiting of litchis - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling flowering and fruiting of litchis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling litchi blossoming and fruiting. The invention discloses a method for enabling flower buds on litchi spica to pass through 150-190%0D, the flower can bloom only if the growing temperature is accumulated. After the litchi blossoms, 700-900 steps are needed0D, the growth temperature can be reached by temperature accumulation. By setting specific temperature and illumination, the time for the litchi to bloom and fruit can be regulated, the litchi blossoms at specific time nodes, and the litchi ripens at any time node such as the period of the national day festival and the spring festival; but also improves the average fruit setting rate. The method for regulating and controlling the flowering and fruiting of the litchis has great scientific research value, ornamental value and economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of litchi production, and particularly relates to a method for regulating flowering and fruiting of litchi.
Background
Litchi is a subtropical characteristic fruit mainly produced in southern China such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and Hainan, and has extremely individual microclimate environments in Sichuan, Guizhou and other places and a small amount of planting. According to different varieties and climatic conditions, the litchi usually blooms in the 5 th month from 11 th month to the next year, and the mature period of the fruit is 4 th month to 8 th month every year.
The Hainan province in China is the region where litchi ripens earliest, and the litchi begins to ripen and come into the market in 4 months every year; the area with the latest maturity is Luzhou city of Sichuan province, and the Luzhou city can be used for planting litchi in a small place in a microclimate environment, and can be mature to 8 months at the latest each year; the litchi fruits are not fresh in the 3 months from 9 months to the next year, and only the litchi fruits which are subjected to fresh keeping or freezing treatment are fresh. For a long time, litchi researchers have been dedicated to research methods for making litchi fruits ripen out of season, such as in the national day festival or spring festival, and the research direction is to promote the litchi to bud and differentiate out of season, so as to ripen out of season. But have not been successful to date.
The litchi fruits are ripe in the national day festival or the spring festival, so that the litchi fruits have extremely high economic value, and particularly, the litchi fruits are used as bonsais in the spring festival, so that the litchi fruits have both ornamental and edible properties, and have great economic benefits.
The Xianhongfeng litchi is a high-quality late-maturing litchi variety approved by a new variety in 2011, in a natural state, the Xianhongfeng litchi has the advantages that the flower spike is drawn out in 2-3 months, the flower blooms in 3-4 months, the fruit is ripe from the bottom of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, the average single fruit weight of the fruit is 25-28 g, the content of soluble solids is 19.0-20.5%, the color of the peel is bright red, and the economic value is very high. According to the patent method, other litchi varieties can also realize out-of-season ripening, and the xianxingfeng is taken as an example in the patent application.
The patent (publication No. CN 106105667A) discloses a method for regulating and controlling the florescence of konjak, which is to put the konjak flowers into a cultivation environment with the temperature of 4-8 ℃ and the humidity of 60-80% in layers after the konjak flowers are harvested in 11 months. However, unlike litchi, amorphophallus konjac can not be used directly on litchi. Moreover, the litchi not only relates to the regulation and control of flowering phase, but also relates to the maintenance of litchi tree bodies and litchi spica and the development and maturation process of later-period fruits.
The flowering and fruiting time of the litchis is regulated, and the method has the advantages of being self-evident to the yield and quality of the litchis in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize that the litchi blooms at any time node and further to realize that the litchi fruits ripen in the period of national day or spring festival, the invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the blossoming and fruiting of the litchi, and effectively regulates and controls the blossoming and fruiting time of the Xianxinfeng litchi.
According to the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect of the invention, a method for regulating and controlling blossoming and fruiting of litchi is provided, wherein after the flower spike of the litchi tree is elongated, the litchi tree is transferred to a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber for cultivation;
when the flowering of litchi is to be promoted, flower buds of litchi flower spikes are processed by 150-190-0D, accumulating the temperature at the growth temperature;
after flowering and pollination, the flower is processed by 700 plus 9000And D, keeping the growth temperature and warming to realize fruit ripening.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the natural supplementary lighting artificial climate chamber is 3-10 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 0.1-1 ten thousand Lux.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when litchi blossoming is to be promoted, flower buds of litchi spica pass through 150-0D, the method for accumulating the growth temperature comprises the following steps: the litchi trees are moved to 22-27 ℃ and cultivated in 1-5 million Lux under the illumination intensity.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pollination process is 700-9000D, the method for accumulating the growth temperature comprises the following steps: the litchi is moved to 20 to 37 ℃ and cultivated in 1 to 9 million Lux under the illumination intensity.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the flower spike of the litchi tree extends to 5-10 cm. The inventor finds that when the length of the flower spike reaches the range, the method is beneficial to maintaining the litchi flower spike and prevents the litchi flower spike from withering or overgrowing.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method also comprises the step of spraying the compound foliar fertilizer regularly.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 15-30 days/time to keep the vitality of the litchi tree body and the litchi spica and prevent the litchi spica from withering or overgrowing.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the components of the compound foliar fertilizer comprise paclobutrazol, nucleotide, monopotassium phosphate, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate. The inventor finds that the potted litchi tree using the compound foliar fertilizer can keep the litchi tree robust and is beneficial to later flowering and fruit development and maturity. But also can keep the vitality of the litchi spica and prevent the litchi spica from withering, withering or overgrowing.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the compound foliar fertilizer solution is an aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution is added with paclobutrazol 0.1-0.3 g/L, nucleotide 0.3-0.5 g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3-0.6 g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.3 g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.5 g/L.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the compound foliar fertilizer needs to be sprayed for 15-30 days every time after being regularly sprayed.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the litchi is xianxingfeng litchi.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature for the litchi fruit to grow and mature is 20-37 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 1-9 million Lux. When the outdoor temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the litchi fruits are not moved to the outdoor for cultivation, and the litchi fruits cannot normally mature due to the excessively low outdoor temperature. Therefore, the outdoor temperature is low, and after pollination and fertilization are finished, the fruits continue to grow and develop in the artificial climate chamber until the fruits are mature.
Through years of research by the inventor, the flower buds on the litchi flower spikes need to pass through 150-190%0D growth temperature accumulation (growth temperature accumulation means the sum of average temperature of each day minus 15 ℃ in a certain period of time, i.e. the growth temperature, the unit is0D) Can bloom. If the potted litchi tree is placed in a low-temperature environment at the temperature of 3-10 ℃ and the illumination intensity is 0.1-1 million Lux, the compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 15-30 days, the litchi spica can be kept in the original state all the time and can not bloom all the time; until the potted litchi is in an environment with the temperature higher than 15 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1-5 ten thousand Lux, and the temperature is 150-190 DEG C0And D, the blooming can be realized only by accumulating the temperature at the growth temperature. After litchi blossoms, litchi fruits need to be cultivated in an environment with the temperature of 20-37 ℃ and the illumination intensity of 1-9 million Lux, and the litchi fruits are cultivated in a 700-900-ten thousand Lux environment0D, the growth temperature can be reached by temperature accumulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a method for enabling flower buds on litchi spica to pass through 150-190%0And D, the flower can bloom only if the growing temperature is accumulated. After the litchi blossoms, 700-900 steps are needed0D, the growth temperature can be reached by temperature accumulation. By setting specific temperature and illumination, the time for the litchi to bloom and fruit can be regulated, the litchi blossoms at specific time nodes, and the litchi ripens at any time node such as the period of the national day festival and the spring festival; but also improves the average fruit setting rate. The method for regulating and controlling the flowering and fruiting of the litchis has great scientific research value, ornamental value and economic value.
Detailed Description
The technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention. The test methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Experiment time: in the beginning of the third month.
A method for regulating and controlling litchi blossoming and fruiting comprises the following steps:
when the flower spike length of the potted xianxiang litchi tree is 8cm in 3 months and 9 days, moving the potted xianxiang litchi tree to a natural light supplementing artificial climate chamber, cultivating at the temperature of 8 ℃ and the illumination intensity of 0.5 million Lux, and stopping the flowering process of the litchi; and spraying the compound foliar fertilizer every 15 days. The compound foliar fertilizer solution is an aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution is added with paclobutrazol 0.1g/L, nucleotide 0.3g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2 g/L.
When the flowering of litchi is to be promoted, the temperature of a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber is increased to 27 ℃ in 20 days after 6 months, the illumination intensity is 4 trillion Lux, and the flower buds of the litchi spica pass through 150-0D, accumulating temperature, and 7 months and 5 days for the flower blossoming of the litchi female flower. Flowering period of about 3 daysAnd then artificial supplementary pollination is carried out.
After flowering and pollination, the potted xianxiaofeng litchi is moved to the natural environment for cultivation in 10 days after 7 months, and the cultivation is carried out through 700-9000And D, keeping the growth temperature and warming to realize fruit ripening. The natural environment temperature is 20-37 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1-9 ten thousand Lux, and the fruit growing, developing and maturing method is suitable for the fruits. During the whole growth, development and maturation period of litchi fruits, the litchi tree is cultivated and managed according to a conventional method.
As a result: in the last ten days of 10 months (during the festival of national day), the color of the peel of the litchi fruit is bright red, and the fruit is mature. The average single fruit weight of the fruit is 27.3 g, the soluble solid content is 20.5%, the average fruit setting rate is 80.1%, and the quality is excellent.
Example 2
Experiment time: in the beginning of the third month.
A method for regulating and controlling litchi blossoming and fruiting comprises the following steps:
when the flower spike length of the potted xianxiang litchi tree is 5cm in 3 months and 9 days, moving the potted xianxiang litchi tree to a natural light supplementing artificial climate chamber, cultivating at 5 ℃ and under the illumination intensity of 0.5 million Lux, and stopping the flowering process of the litchi; spraying the compound foliar fertilizer every 20 days; the compound foliar fertilizer solution is an aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution is added with paclobutrazol 0.2g/L, nucleotide 0.3g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2 g/L.
When the flowering of litchi needs to be promoted, the temperature of a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber is kept at 25 ℃ in 10 months and 10 days, the illumination intensity is 3 kallux, and the flower buds of the litchi spica pass through 150 plus 1900D, accumulating temperature, and starting flowering of the litchi female flowers after 10 months and 30 days. The flowering period lasted approximately 3 days, and then artificial supplementary pollination was performed.
After flowering and pollination, the fruits need to continue to grow and develop in a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber due to the fact that the external natural temperature is low at the moment, and the fruits are subjected to 700-9000And D, keeping the growth temperature and warming to realize fruit ripening. The cultivation conditions are as follows: the temperature of the climate chamber is 20-35 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 5 ten thousand Lux.
As a result: during the spring festival of the last 2 months of the next year, the color of the peel of the litchi fruit is bright red, and the fruit is mature. The average single fruit weight of the fruit is 27.0 g, the soluble solid content is 20.1 percent, the average fruit setting rate is 79.6 percent, and the quality is extremely excellent.
Comparative example 1
And when the length of the flower spike of the potted xianxiaofeng litchi tree is 5-10 cm in 3 months and 9 days, the growth and development of the potted xianxiaofeng litchi tree are continued in a natural state. And when the flowers bloom in the middle late of 4 months, bee pollination or artificial pollination is adopted for auxiliary pollination. After pollination and fertilization are completed, the fruits continue to grow and develop in a natural state.
As a result: the color of the peel of the litchi fruit is bright red in the middle ten days of 7 months, the litchi fruit is ripe, the average single fruit weight of the litchi fruit is determined to be 26.5 g, the content of soluble solids is 20.0%, the average fruit setting rate is 60.3%, and the litchi fruit has excellent quality.
Comparative example 2
And (3) at 9 days after 3 months, when the flower spike length of the potted xianxiang litchi tree is 8cm, moving the potted xianxiang litchi tree into a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber, controlling the temperature at 8 ℃, and culturing under the illumination intensity of 0.5 million Lux to stop the flowering process of the litchi. In the period, no compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and the flower spikes of the litchi trees are gradually weakened in the cultivation process in a climatic chamber due to the fact that no compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed.
When the blooming is promoted, the temperature of a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber is increased to 27 ℃ in 20 days in 6 months, the illumination intensity is 4 kallux, and when the blooming is promoted in 5 days in 7 months, the spikes of the impatient litchis become slender and the buds are not robust, although the female flowers can bloom, artificial pollination is also adopted.
As a result: after pollination is finished, all small fruits fall off and can not be set, and the fruit setting rate is zero no matter the fruits are continuously cultured in an artificial climate chamber or moved to a natural environment.
Comparative example 3
And (3) at 9 days after 3 months, when the flower spike length of the potted xianxiang litchi tree is 8cm, moving the potted xianxiang litchi tree into a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber, controlling the temperature at 8 ℃, and culturing under the illumination intensity of 0.5 million Lux to stop the flowering process of the litchi. And spraying the compound foliar fertilizer every 15 days. The compound foliar fertilizer comprises 0g/L paclobutrazol, 0.3g/L nucleotide, 0.3g/L monopotassium phosphate, 0.1g/L zinc sulfate, 0.2g/L magnesium sulfate and the balance of solvent. Namely, no paclobutrazol is added in the compound foliar fertilizer. Because the compound foliar fertilizer does not contain paclobutrazol, the flower spikes of the litchis gradually grow excessively and become thin and weak, and the fruit setting rate in the later period is seriously influenced.
When the blooming is to be promoted, the temperature of the natural light-supplement artificial climate chamber is increased to 27 ℃ in 20 days after 6 months, the illumination intensity is 4 trillion Lux, and when the illumination intensity is up to 5 days after 7 months, female flowers bloom, but the buds are not strong enough. The flowering period is about 3 days, and then artificial supplementary pollination is carried out. Artificial supplementary pollination is adopted.
After pollination and fertilization are completed, the potted xianxiaofeng litchi trees are moved to the natural environment for cultivation within 7 months and 10 days, and the growth and development of fruits are continued until the fruits are mature. During the whole growth, development and maturation period of the litchi fruits, the natural environment temperature is 20-37 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1-9 ten thousand Lux, and the litchi fruits are suitable for growth, development and maturation. During the whole growth, development and maturation period of litchi fruits, the litchi tree is cultivated and managed according to a conventional method.
As a result: in the last ten days of 10 months (during the festival of national day), the color of the peel is bright red, and the fruit is mature. The average single fruit weight of the fruit is measured to be 26.3 g, the soluble solid content is measured to be 20.5%, the average fruit setting rate is measured to be 29.8%, and the quality is extremely excellent.
Comparative example 4
And (3) when the length of the flower spike of the potted xianxuo litchi tree is 8cm in 3 months and 9 days, moving the potted xianxuo litchi tree into a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber, controlling the temperature at 8 ℃, and spraying a compound foliar fertilizer every 15 days during the period, wherein the illumination intensity is less than 1000 Lux.
The components of the compound foliar fertilizer are paclobutrazol 0.1g/L, nucleotide 0.3g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2 g/L.
As a result: due to weak illumination intensity and few photosynthetic products, the tree vigor of potted litchi trees gradually declines, leaves begin to fall off after 3 months, then spica withers and falls off, normal flowering and fruit bearing can not be realized, and the fruit setting rate is zero.
Comparative example 5
And (3) when the length of the flower spike of the potted xianxuo litchi tree is 5cm in 3 months and 9 days, moving the potted xianxuo litchi tree into a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber, controlling the temperature at 5 ℃, keeping the illumination intensity at 0.5 ten thousand Lux, stopping the flowering process of the litchi, and spraying the compound foliar fertilizer every 30 days.
The components of the compound foliar fertilizer comprise paclobutrazol 0.2g/L, nucleotide 0.3g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2 g/L.
And (3) keeping the temperature of the natural supplementary lighting phytotron at 25 ℃ in 10 months and 10 days, keeping the illumination intensity at 4 kallux, and carrying out impatient voyeas on the female litchi flowers in 10 months and 30 days to start flowering for about 3 days, and carrying out artificial supplementary pollination.
After pollination and fertilization are finished, the fruits need to continue to grow and develop in a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber because the outside natural temperature is lower, the temperature of the climate chamber is lower than 20 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 5 ten thousand Lux.
As a result, when the temperature of the climate chamber is always 20 ℃, the color of the fruit is always kept green and can not be converted into bright red, and the fruit can not be ripened normally.
Comparative example 6
When the length of the flower spike of the potted xianxiaoshu litchi tree is 5cm in 3 months and 9 days, moving the potted xianxiaoshu litchi tree into a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber, controlling the temperature at 5 ℃, keeping the illumination intensity at 0.5 ten thousand Lux, stopping the flowering process of the litchi, and spraying a compound foliar fertilizer every 30 days;
the components of the compound foliar fertilizer comprise paclobutrazol 0.2g/L, nucleotide 0.3g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2 g/L.
When the blooming is to be promoted, the temperature of a natural light-supplementing climatic chamber is kept at 25 ℃ in 10 months and 10 days, the illumination intensity is 4 trillux until 10 months and 30 days, the female flowers of the Chinese sweets start to bloom, the blooming lasts for about 3 days, and artificial pollination is adopted.
After pollination and fertilization are finished, the fruits need to continue to grow and develop in a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber because the external natural temperature is lower, the temperature of the climate chamber is kept at 30 ℃, and the illumination intensity is lower than 1 ten thousand Lux. Due to too low illumination intensity, photosynthesis of leaves is insufficient, nutrient accumulation is insufficient, and fruit quality is poor.
As a result: and in the spring festival of 2 months, the color of the peel of the litchi fruit is dark red, and the fruit is mature. The average single fruit weight of the fruits is measured to be 15.3 g, the content of soluble solid is only 13.5%, the fruit setting rate is 59.6%, and the fruit quality is poor.
Comparative example 7
In 7 days after 3 months, when the flower ears of the potted xianxuo litchi trees are 3cm long, the potted xianxuo litchi trees are moved to a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber, the temperature is 8 ℃, the illumination intensity is 0.5 million Lux, and the flowering process of the litchi is stopped; and spraying the compound foliar fertilizer every 15 days.
The components of the compound foliar fertilizer comprise paclobutrazol 0.1g/L, nucleotide 0.3g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2 g/L.
Because the litchi spica is too short, the litchi spica gradually withers and withers in the process of cultivating the Xianhui Feng litchi tree in a natural light-supplementing artificial climate chamber, and the litchi can not normally bloom and bear fruits.
The effects are shown in tables 1 and 2, with table 1 being the different treated impatients and table 2 being the different effects.
TABLE 1 impatient Fennes for different treatments
TABLE 2 flowering and fruiting conditions of different treated xianzhuangfeng litchis
The natural environment temperature is 20-37 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 1-9 ten thousand Lux.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. A method for regulating and controlling blossoming and fruiting of litchi is characterized in that after flower spikes of the litchi tree are elongated, the litchi tree is transferred to a natural light-supplementing artificial climate room for cultivation;
when the flowering of litchi is to be promoted, accumulating the temperature of flower buds of litchi flower spikes at the growth temperature of 150-;
after flowering and pollination, fruit ripening is realized through the temperature accumulation at the growth temperature of 700-900 ℃ D.
2. The method for regulating and controlling flowering and fruiting of litchi chinensis claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of a natural light supplement artificial climate chamber is 3-10 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 0.1-1 million Lux.
3. The method for regulating and controlling litchi flowering and fruiting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in order to promote litchi flowering, the method for accumulating the temperature of flower buds of litchi spica at the growth temperature of 150-190 ℃ D is as follows: the litchi trees are moved to 22-27 ℃ and cultivated in 1-5 million Lux under the illumination intensity.
4. The method for regulating and controlling flowering and fruiting of litchi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the temperature accumulation at the growth temperature of 700-900 ℃ D after flowering and pollination is performed by: the litchi is moved to 20 to 37 ℃ and cultivated in 1 to 9 million Lux under the illumination intensity.
5. The method for regulating and controlling flowering and fruiting of litchi chinensis Sonn as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the ear of flower of litchi chinensis Sonn is extended to 5-10 cm.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the flowering and fruiting of litchi according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by further comprising the step of spraying a compound foliar fertilizer regularly.
7. The method for regulating and controlling flowering and fruiting of litchi chinensis Sonn as claimed in claim 6, wherein the components of the compound foliar fertilizer comprise paclobutrazol, nucleotide, monopotassium phosphate, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
8. The method for regulating and controlling flowering and fruiting of litchi chinensis Sonn as claimed in claim 7, wherein the compound foliar fertilizer solution is an aqueous solution; the water solution is added with paclobutrazol 0.1-0.3 g/L, nucleotide 0.3-0.5 g/L, monopotassium phosphate 0.3-0.6 g/L, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.3 g/L and magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.5 g/L.
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| CN112931532A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Efficient litchi out-of-season flower forcing composition |
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| 何鹏: "妃子笑荔枝果实发育与温度关系的初步分析", 《中国农业气象》 * |
| 侯振华: "《构建和谐新农村系列丛书 荔枝种植新技术》", 31 May 2011, 沈阳出版社 * |
| 曾令达: ""荔枝开花结果调控研究进展", 《广东农业科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112931532A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Efficient litchi out-of-season flower forcing composition |
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