CN112041195A - 具有能够防止过充电的结构的电池组充电系统和包括其的车辆 - Google Patents

具有能够防止过充电的结构的电池组充电系统和包括其的车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112041195A
CN112041195A CN201980028648.0A CN201980028648A CN112041195A CN 112041195 A CN112041195 A CN 112041195A CN 201980028648 A CN201980028648 A CN 201980028648A CN 112041195 A CN112041195 A CN 112041195A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery pack
charging system
metal layer
switch
blocking member
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Pending
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CN201980028648.0A
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English (en)
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尹瑞玲
李松叶
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Lg Energy Solution
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LG Chem Ltd
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池组充电系统，包括：包括多个电池单元的电池组；充电装置，其连接至电池组的两个电极并且配置为向电池组提供充电电流；开关，其连接在电池组与充电装置之间并且配置为允许或阻断充电电流的流动；和电流阻断构件，其机械地连接至开关，并且配置为当形成在电池组的两个电极之间的电位差等于或大于基准值时通过发生弯曲变形来断开(Off)开关。

Description

具有能够防止过充电的结构的电池组充电系统和包括其的 车辆
技术领域
本公开内容涉及一种具有能够防止过充电的结构的电池组充电系统和包括该电池组充电系统的车辆，更具体地，涉及一种包括电流阻断构件的电池组充电系统和包括该电池组充电系统的车辆，所述电流阻断构件通过根据施加在两个表面之间的电位差改变电流阻断构件的形状并且操作连接在电池组与充电装置之间的开关而能够阻断电路中流动的电流。
本申请要求于2018年11月12日在韩国提交的韩国专利申请第10-2018-0138450号的优先权，通过引用将该韩国专利申请的公开内容并入本文。
背景技术
目前在二次电池中使用的熔断器件包括正温度系数热敏电阻器(positivetemperature coefficient(PTC)thermistor)、热断路器(TCO，thermal cut-out)、热熔断器(thermal fuse)等。然而，在热熔断器的情况下，存在一次性使用的缺点，尽管PTC热敏电阻器或TCO是可重复使用的，但是存在其电阻随着重复操作而增加的缺点，这增加了电路上的总体电阻。
此外，所有上述器件都通过由过电流产生的热量来操作。就是说，上述器件对应于当由于过充电等而在电路电流路径上产生过电流并由此温度升高时进行操作以阻断电流流动的器件。
因此，在上述器件的情况下，通过在由于热量而威胁到安全的情形之后进行操作来阻断过电流是可能的，而不可能在出现温度升高的诱因时立即阻断过电流。
此外，在上述器件的情况下，由于器件简单地根据温度进行操作，所以难以在诸如在车辆中使用的电池组之类的表现出高输出的二次电池中使用这些器件。换句话说，在车辆电池组的情况下，需要较高的c速率((high c-rate)，这也相应需要大量热量。存在以下问题：当诸如PTC热敏电阻器(positive temperature coefficient thermistor)、TCO(thermal cut-out)和热熔断器(thermal fuse)之类的器件放置在这种高温环境中时会过早地进行操作。
因此，需要其中应用这样一种器件的二次电池，即，所述器件是可重复使用并且即使在大电流流过的环境下也可使用，并且当在温度升高之前发生可能会导致这种温度升高的事件时，所述器件能够预先阻断电流。
发明内容
技术问题
设计本公开内容来解决相关技术的问题，因此本公开内容旨在提供一种具有其中安装了电流阻断构件的结构的电池组充电系统，所述电流阻断构件能够在电池组的温度因电池组的过充电等产生的热量而升高之前预先阻断电流。
本公开内容的这些和其他目的和优点将从以下的详细描述理解到并且将从本公开内容的示例性实施方式变得更加显而易见。此外，将容易理解到，可通过所附权利要求及其组合中示出的手段实现本公开内容的这些目的和优点。
技术方案
在本公开内容的一个方面中，提供了一种电池组充电系统，包括：包括多个电池单元的电池组；充电装置，所述充电装置连接至所述电池组的两个电极并且配置为向所述电池组提供充电电流；开关，所述开关连接在所述电池组与所述充电装置之间并且配置为允许或阻断所述充电电流的流动；和电流阻断构件，所述电流阻断构件机械地连接至所述开关，并且所述电流阻断构件配置为当形成在所述电池组的两个电极之间的电位差等于或大于基准值时通过发生弯曲变形来断开(Off)所述开关。
所述多个电池单元的每一个可以是袋型电池单元。
所述充电装置可以是安装在车辆中的交流发电机。
所述电流阻断构件的沿长度方向的一侧可以是直接或间接固定至所述电池组或地的固定端，并且所述电流阻断构件的另一侧可以是其位置通过所述弯曲变形而可改变的自由端。
所述电流阻断构件可包括：电活性聚合物(EAP)层；形成在所述EAP层的一侧表面上的第一金属层；和形成在所述EAP层的另一侧表面上的第二金属层。
所述EAP层可包括选自全氟磺酸、聚吡咯、聚苯胺和聚噻吩的至少一种聚合物电解质。
所述第一金属层和所述第二金属层可包括选自包括铂、银和铜的群组中的至少一种金属。
所述第一金属层可电连接至所述电池组的负极，并且所述第二金属层可电连接至所述电池组的正极。
所述开关可连接在所述电池组的所述负极与所述充电装置之间。
所述第一金属层可通过由导电材料形成的连接杆机械地/电连接至所述开关。
所述第一金属层可通过连接杆机械地连接至所述开关并且通过负极连接引线电连接至所述电池组的所述负极。
所述连接杆可铰接至所述开关和所述第一金属层的每一个。
在本公开内容的另一个方面中，提供了一种车辆，所述车辆包括如上所述的电池组充电系统。
有益效果
在使用电池组时，在因过电流产生的热量而导致二次电池的温度升高之前，可通过预先检测等于或大于引起过电流发生的基准值的电位差来阻断电流，由此确保在使用电池组时的安全性。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本公开内容实施方式的电池组充电系统的示图；
图2是示出应用于图1中所示的电池组充电系统的电池组的示图；
图3是示出图2中所示的电池组中包括的单个电池单元的示图；
图4是示出应用于图1中所示的电池组充电系统的电流阻断构件的示图；
图5是示出当在图4中所示的电流阻断构件的第一金属层与第二金属层之间形成等于或大于基准值的电位差时，电流阻断构件的形状变形的示图；
图6是示出图1中所示的电流阻断构件与开关的连接关系的变形例的示图；
图7是示出根据本公开内容实施方式的车辆的示图。
具体实施方式
下文中，将参照附图详细描述本公开内容的优选实施方式。在描述之前，应当理解，说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语不应被解释为限于一般含义和字典含义，而是应在允许发明人适当地定义术语以获得最佳解释的原则的基础上基于与本公开内容的技术方面对应的含义和概念来解释。因此，本文提出的描述仅是用于说明目的的优选示例，并非旨在限制本公开内容的范围，因此应当理解，在不背离本公开内容的范围的情况下，可以对其做出其他等同和修改。
首先，参照图1至图5，将描述根据本公开内容实施方式的电池组充电系统的总体构造。
图1是示出根据本公开内容实施方式的电池组充电系统的示图。图2是示出应用于图1中所示的电池组充电系统的电池组的示图。图3是示出图2中所示的电池组中包括的单个电池单元的示图。此外，图4是示出应用于图1中所示的电池组充电系统的电流阻断构件的示图。图5是示出当在图4中所示的电流阻断构件的第一金属层与第二金属层之间形成等于或大于基准值的电位差时，电流阻断构件的形状变形的示图。
首先，参照图1，根据本公开内容实施方式的电池组充电系统包括电池组100、充电装置200、开关300和电流阻断构件400。
一起参照图1和图2，电池组100可包括串联连接、并联连接、或者串联和并联混合连接的多个电池单元10。此外，通过将电池单元10电连接而形成的单元堆叠体可电连接至形成在电池组100外部的负极端子110和正极端子120。
参照图3，作为电池组100中包括的电池单元10，例如，可应用袋型电池单元。参照图3，袋型电池单元10可包括电极组件(未示出)、电极引线11、单元壳体12和密封胶带13。
虽然在附图中未示出，但是电极组件具有其中在交替并重复堆叠的正极板和负极板之间插置有隔膜的结构，并且隔膜可位于两个最外侧上用以绝缘。
负极板包括负极集流体和涂布在其一个表面或两个表面上的负极活性材料层，并且在其一端形成未涂布负极活性材料的负极未涂布部分，负极未涂布部分用作负极接片。
正极板包括正极集流体和涂布在其一个表面或两个表面上的正极活性材料层，并且在其一端形成未涂布正极活性材料的正极未涂布部分，正极未涂布部分用作正极接片。
此外，隔膜插置在负极板与正极板之间，以防止具有不同极性的电极板之间的直接接触，隔膜可由多孔材料形成，以通过使用电解质作为负极板与正极板之间的介质来使离子移动。
电极引线11连接至电极接片并且引出到单元壳体12的外部。彼此相邻的电池单元10可通过电极引线11串联电连接、并联电连接、或者串联和并联混合电连接，从而形成单个单元堆叠体。
单元壳体12包括容纳电极组件的容纳部12a和密封部12b这两个区域，密封部12b沿容纳部12a的外周方向延伸并且在电极引线11被引出到外部的状态下热熔合，以密封单元壳体12。
尽管在附图中未示出，但是通过使上壳体和下壳体的边缘接触并且热熔合来密封单元壳体12，上壳体和下壳体配置为其中树脂层/金属层/树脂层顺序地堆叠的多层袋膜。
密封胶带13附接至电极引线11的外周并且夹在单元壳体12的密封部12b与电极引线11之间。密封胶带13这样一种部件，该部件用于防止在单元壳体12的密封部12b中的引出电极引线11的区域中，由于单元壳体12的内表面与电极引线11之间的低粘附力而导致的单元壳体12的密封性能劣化。
返回参照图1，充电装置200连接至电池组100的两个电极，即，负极端子110和正极端子120，以向电池组100提供充电电流，并且充电装置200例如可以是安装在车辆中的交流发电机(Alternator)，以根据车辆的发动机驱动产生电力并且将所产生的电力提供给电池组100。
参照图1，开关300连接在电池组100的负极与充电装置200之间，并且开关300根据电流阻断构件400的形状变形来执行接通(On)/断开(Off)操作，从而允许或阻断电池组100与充电装置200之间的电连接。
与图1一起参照图4和图5，电流阻断构件400电连接在电池组100的两个电极之间并且当电池组100的电压等于或大于基准值时变形以断开(Off)开关300。
就是说，电流阻断构件400的一个侧表面可机械地/电连接至连接在电池组100的负极与充电装置200之间的开关300，并且另一个侧表面可电连接至电池组100的正极。
由于这种连接关系，当电池组100的电压施加在电流阻断构件400的两个表面之间，并且电池组100被过充电从而具有等于或大于基准值的电压时，在电流阻断构件400的两个表面之间形成等于或大于基准值的电位差，从而发生弯曲变形。另外，当电池组100的电压在预设安全范围内时，开关300可保持接通(On)，因为电流阻断构件400保持其形状而不发生弯曲变形。
电流阻断构件400的沿长度方向(图1中是指向下)的一侧是直接或间接固定至电池组100或地而不移动的固定端。另一方面，电流阻断构件400的沿长度方向(图1中是指向上)的另一侧是当电流阻断构件400发生弯曲变形时其位置可改变的自由端。
自由端的一个表面通过导线机械地/电连接至开关300，因此在电流阻断构件400弯曲变形时，电流阻断构件400的自由端沿远离开关300的方向移动，从而断开(Off)开关300。
参照图4和图5，将描述应用于本公开内容的电流阻断构件400的具体结构和形状变形的原理。
参照图4和图5，如上所述，为了能够通过基于形成在两个表面之间的电位差的形状变形来阻断过电流，电流阻断构件400可包括电活性聚合物层(EAP，Electro activepolymer layer)410、形成在EAP层410的一侧表面上的第一金属层420、和形成在EAP层410的另一侧表面上的第二金属层430。
EAP层410，即电活性聚合物层，对应于由具有优异离子转移特性的聚合物电解质形成的层，并且例如可包括选自全氟磺酸(Nafion)、聚吡咯(polypyrole)、聚苯胺(polyaniline)和聚噻吩(polythiophene)的至少一种聚合物电解质。
第一金属层420和第二金属层430形成在EAP层410的两个表面上，并且可由具有优异导电性的金属形成。金属层420和430可包括例如选自铂(Pt)、金(Au)、银(Ag)和铜(Cu)的至少一种金属。
当通过形成在EAP层410的两个表面上的金属层410和420施加等于或大于基准值的电压时，电流阻断构件400发生形状变形。
就是说，第一金属层420电连接至电池组100的负极，第二金属层430电连接至电池组100的正极，使得在一对金属层420和430之间形成与电池组100的电压对应的电位差。
当如上所述形成在一对金属层420和430之间的电位差达到超出考虑到电池组100的规格的安全范围的较大数值时，形成EAP层410的聚合物电解质内部存在的迁移阳离子(cation)在水中水合的同时沿带负电的第一金属层420的方向移动。在这种情况下，由第一金属层420与第二金属层430之间的离子浓度的不平衡引起渗透压，这增加了朝向带负电的第一金属层420的水分子的量，因而电流阻断构件400沿朝向第二金属层430的方向发生弯曲变形。
为了电流阻断元件400的这种形状变形和最终导致的开关300的操作，第一金属层420机械地/电连接至开关300。
另外，可导致电流阻断构件400的形状变形的电压的大小根据构成应用于电流阻断构件400的EAP层410的聚合物电解质的类型而变化。
就是说，本申请中提及的电压的基准值可根据应用的聚合物电解质的类型而变化，因此，可根据构成被应用电流阻断构件400的电池组充电系统的电池组100的安全电压范围来选择合适的聚合物电解质，从而当发生诸如电池组100的过充电之类的事件时快速阻断电流。
接下来，将参照图6描述图1中所示的电流阻断构件400与开关300的连接关系的变形例。
图6是示出图1所示的电流阻断构件400与开关300的连接关系的变形例的示图。
参照图6，与如图1中所示的先前实施方式中描述的，通过一个导线同时机械地/电连接开关300和电流阻断构件400的自由端不同，通过连接杆500来执行开关300与电流阻断件400之间的机械连接，并且通过单独的连接引线L1来执行电连接。
尽管通过一个导线执行开关300与电流阻断构件400的第一金属层420之间的连接，但是第一金属层420可带负电，并且根据电流阻断构件400的形状变形，开关300可一起移动。
然而，当由于电流阻挡构件400弯曲变形而导致自由端沿朝向第二金属层430的方向移动时，铰链结合结构可应用于电流阻断构件400与开关300之间的结合，从而平稳地移动开关300。
然而，当应用铰链结合结构时，在导线与开关300的连接部分处以及在导线与第一金属层420的连接部分处，电连接的稳定性可能劣化。因此，可通过使用两个构件单独执行开关300与电流阻断构件400之间的机械连接和电连接，而不是通过使用一个构件同时执行。
在这一点上，图6中所示的电池组充电系统可包括铰接至开关300和第一金属层420的连接杆500、以及将第一金属层420和电池组100的负极电连接的负极连接引线L1。在这种情况下，第二金属层430需要电连接至电池组100的正极，为了第二金属层430与电池组100的正极之间的电连接，可应用正极连接引线L2。
如上所述，根据本公开内容的电池组充电系统配置为通过使用根据电池组100的电压发生弯曲变形的电流阻断构件400，执行电连接在电池组100与充电装置200之间的开关300的接通(On)/断开(Off)操作，由此确保在使用电池组100时的安全性。
另外，图7中所示的根据本公开内容实施方式的车辆包括如上所述的根据本公开内容的电池组充电系统。
已经详细描述了本公开内容。然而，应当理解的是，详细描述和具体示例虽然表明了本公开内容的优选实施方式，但仅以说明的方式给出，因为根据该详细描述，在本公开内容范围内的各种变化和修改对于本领域技术人员而言将变得显而易见。

Claims (13)

1.一种电池组充电系统，包括：
包括多个电池单元的电池组；
充电装置，所述充电装置连接至所述电池组的两个电极并且配置为向所述电池组提供充电电流；
开关，所述开关连接在所述电池组与所述充电装置之间并且配置为允许或阻断所述充电电流的流动；和
电流阻断构件，所述电流阻断构件机械地连接至所述开关，并且所述电流阻断构件配置为当形成在所述电池组的两个电极之间的电位差等于或大于基准值时通过发生弯曲变形来断开(Off)所述开关。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述多个电池单元的每一个是袋型电池单元。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述充电装置是安装在车辆中的交流发电机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池组充电系统，
其中所述电流阻断构件的沿长度方向的一侧是直接或间接固定至所述电池组或地的固定端，并且
其中所述电流阻断构件的另一侧是其位置通过所述弯曲变形而可改变的自由端。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述电流阻断构件包括：
电活性聚合物(EAP)层；
形成在所述EAP层的一侧表面上的第一金属层；和
形成在所述EAP层的另一侧表面上的第二金属层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述EAP层包括选自全氟磺酸、聚吡咯、聚苯胺和聚噻吩的至少一种聚合物电解质。
7.根据权利要求5所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述第一金属层和所述第二金属层包括选自包括铂、银和铜的群组中的任意一种金属。
8.根据权利要求5所述的电池组充电系统，
其中所述第一金属层电连接至所述电池组的负极，并且
其中所述第二金属层电连接至所述电池组的正极。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述开关连接在所述电池组的所述负极与所述充电装置之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述第一金属层通过由导电材料形成的连接杆机械地/电连接至所述开关。
11.根据权利要求9所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述第一金属层通过连接杆机械地连接至所述开关并且通过负极连接引线电连接至所述电池组的所述负极。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电池组充电系统，其中所述连接杆铰接至所述开关和所述第一金属层的每一个。
13.一种车辆，所述车辆包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电池组充电系统。
CN201980028648.0A 2018-11-12 2019-10-23 具有能够防止过充电的结构的电池组充电系统和包括其的车辆 Pending CN112041195A (zh)

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