CN1120356A - 含有全氟代环胺醚的恒沸组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有全氟代环胺醚和有机溶剂的恒沸组合物。
Description
本发明涉及恒沸物。
含氯氟烃(CFC)和含氢氯氟烃(HCFC)通常用于许多不同的使用溶剂的场合,例如干燥、清洗(如从印刷电路板上去除助焊剂残留物)、蒸气脱脂。CFC和HCFC通常还用作物理发泡剂,在发泡塑料材料中产生气泡。但是,CFC和HCFC一直被认为与地球的臭氧保护层的破坏有关,因此已在寻找一些替代物。替代物的性能,除了对臭氧的破坏可能性应该小外,一般还应包括低沸点、低的易燃性、低毒性。溶剂替代物还应具有强溶剂能力。
已知恒沸物具有一些性能,使其可成为有用的溶剂。例如,恒沸物的沸点恒定,这可防止在其处理和使用过程中沸腾温度的漂移。此外,当一定体积的恒沸物被用作溶剂时,该溶剂的性能可保持稳定,因为溶剂的组成没有改变。用作溶剂的恒沸物,还可方便地用蒸馏方法回收。
在本领域,已知有许多种恒沸的和类恒沸的组合物的例子,它们包含一种全氟化物和一种有机溶剂。
Zuber(美国专利No.4,169,807)描述了含有水、异丙醇、以及全氟代-2-丁基四氢呋喃或全氟代-1,4-二甲基环己烷的一种恒沸组合物。发明者声称,该组合物能用作蒸汽相干燥剂。
Van der Puy(美国专利No.5,091,104)描述了一种含有叔丁基-2,2,2-三氟乙基乙醚和全氟代甲基环己烷的“类恒沸”组合物。发明者声称,该组合物能用于清洁和脱脂用途。
Fozzald(美国专利No.4,092,257)描述了一种含有全氟代-正-庚烷和甲苯的恒沸物。
Batt等人(美国专利No.4,971,716)描述了一种含有全氟代环丁烷和环氧乙烷的“类恒沸”组合物。发明者声称,该组合物能用作一种杀菌气体。
Shottle等人(美国专利No.5,129,997)描述了一种含有全氟代环丁烷和氯代四氟乙烷的恒沸物。
Merchant(美国专利No.4,994,202)描述了一种含有全氟代-1,2-二甲基环丁烷以及1,1-二氯代-1-氟代乙烷或二氯三氟代乙烷的恒沸物。发明者声称,该恒沸物能用于溶剂清洁用途,还可用作发泡剂。发明者还指出,“正如本领域中所认识的那样,预测恒沸物的形成是不可能的。这一事实,很明显地使新的恒沸组合物的研究复杂化了。”(3栏,9-13行)。
含有全氟代己烷和己烷、或全氟代戊烷和戊烷、或全氟代庚烷和庚烷的恒沸物也是人们知道的。
目前需要一种能用于溶剂和其他用途的另一些恒沸组合物。最好这些组合物是不燃的、具有很好的溶剂能力、而且只对臭氧层造成很小的破坏(如果有的话)。而且,这些恒沸组合物最好是由能容易得到和价廉的溶剂组成。
本发明的各种恒沸组合物的特征在于,它们含有一种全氟代烷烃或烯烃以及至少一种有机溶剂。恒沸组合物具有良好的溶剂性能,因而能在迄今使用低沸点的CFC和HCFC的溶剂应用场合替代CFC和HCFC。优选的组合物是不燃的,而且其沸点通常比该全氟代化合物和该有机溶剂都低。优选的组合物只对臭氧层造成有限的破坏(如果有的话)而且毒性低。
本文所用的“类恒沸组合物”是一种以任何量的全氟代烷烃或烯烃和一种或多种第二组份(即有机溶剂)组成的混合物,如果分馏则会产生一和由全氟代化合物和有机溶剂组成的恒沸物的馏分。恒沸物的性能在Merchant的美国专利No.5,064,560中有详细描述(具体参见其4栏,7-48行)。
本文所用的“全氟代环胺醚”是指包含具有氮(胺)键和氧(醚)键的环结构的全氟代化合物。全氟代化合物是这样的一种化合物,其中分子中所有的碳原子上的氢原子结合位点都被氟原子所替换,除了那些用氟原子取代氢原子会导致已有的功能基团的性质改变的位点(如由醛转变为酰基氟)。全氟代环胺醚的例子在Owen等人的美国专利No.5,162,384中有描述(具体参见其3栏,49行~4栏,46行)。
HCFC是一种仅由碳、氟、氯和氢构成的化合物。HFC是一种仅由碳、氢和氟构成的化合物。烃是一种仅由碳和氢构成的化合物。所有的这些化合物可以是饱和或不饱和的、分支或不分支的、以及环状或非环状的。
本发明恒沸物的特征还在于含有全氟代环胺醚和有机溶剂。
除了用作溶剂外,本发明恒沸组合物还适用于大量其他的用途。例如,这些组合物可以用作发泡剂,用作润滑剂的载体溶剂,用于冷却用途,电子元件的粗泄漏测试,以及电子元件的液体老化和环境应力测试。
从最佳实施例的描述和权利要求书中,可以明显地理解本发明的其他特征和优点。
在该式中,Rf是饱和或不饱和的、具有1-4个碳原子的全氟代脂族基团,而R1 f和R2 f各自独立地是氟原子或全氟代脂族的饱和或不饱和的、具有1-4个碳原子的基团。在该化合物中碳原子的总数不超过12个为宜,不超过10个更好。在环中的符号“F”是常规符号,用以表示饱和的环被完全地氟化(即除了标示的之外,所有的环上的碳原子都与氟原子相连)。这些化合物是市售的或在文献中已知的。其例子有全氟代-N-乙基吗啉,全氟代-N-甲基吗啉、全氟代-N-异丙基吗啉。
优选的有机溶剂包括HCFC(如,1-氟-1,1-二氯乙烷,1,1,1-三氟-2,2-二氯乙烷,1,1-二氯-2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烷,1,3-二氯-1,1,2,2,3-五氟乙烷〕,HFC(如,1,1,2,2-四氟环丁烷,1,1,2-三氟乙烷,1-氢-全氟代戊烷,1-氢-全氟代己烷,2,3-二氢-全氟代戊烷,2,2,3,3-四氢-全氟代丁烷〕,氯代烃(如,二氯甲烷,1,2-二氯乙烷,反-1,2-二氯乙烯),烃(如,环戊烷2,2,4-三甲基戊烷),醚(如,叔丁基甲基醚和叔丁基戊基醚,四氢呋喃),酮(如丙酮),酯(如乙酸叔丁基酯),硅氧烷(如六甲基二硅氧烷〕,醇(如,叔丁醇,甲醇,乙醇异丙醇)。这些溶剂可以是环状的或非环状的,带支链或不带支链的,沸点范围一般为20℃-125℃。在溶剂分子中碳原子越多,则溶剂的沸点越高。所用典型的溶剂含有1-12个碳原子。选择的溶剂的沸点最好处于组合物中的全氟代环胺醚的沸点的上下约40℃范围之内。当考虑易燃性时,溶剂的沸点最好要比全氟代环胺醚的沸点高约25-40℃不到。
优选的恒沸组合物所含有的全氟代烷烃或烯烃和有机溶剂的大致重量比例,最好就是这两者之间恒沸物的含量比例。当组合物用作溶剂时,这一点尤其可以避免沸点温度的显著漂移和该组合物溶剂能力的重大改变。可取的做法是,恒沸组合物中第一和第二组份的百分数(按重量计)分别是在它们形成的恒沸物中的第一和第二组份百分数的上下10%范围之内,更好在上下5%范围之内。因此,例如,如果由某全氟代烷烃或烯烃和有机溶剂形成的恒沸物含有60重量%的全氟代烷烃或烯烃和40重量%的溶剂,则优选的恒沸组合物含有54-66重量%(更好为57-63重量%)全氟代烷烃或烯烃,以及36-44重量%(更好为38-42重量%)的溶剂。当恒沸物含有一种以上的溶剂时,这一同样的一般指导原则也可以适用。
优选的恒沸组合物是在环境条件下(即室温和常压下)呈单一相。
为了确定某一全氟代烷烃或烯烃和某一有机溶剂的特定组合是否会形成恒沸物,可用本领域已知的方法进行筛选试验,例如,可以将组合物可以通过一个四脚的、内部镀银、具有45个物理板的内波纹管孔板塔或6板的Snyder塔仔细进行蒸馏。收集最初的馏分,用GLC法分析,例如用三脚的Porapak P塔或六脚的Hayesep Q塔以及对组份间的热导性差别进行了适当修正的热导监测器。在某些情况下,可对用第一次蒸馏中确定的组合物进行第二次蒸馏,并在蒸馏过程中按一定间隔分析馏分的组成。如果发现某溶剂混合物形成一种恒沸物,则可用已知方法确定恒沸物的组成。
本发明恒沸物的例子列于表1。在表1中,组份A是全氟代的化合物,而组份B是有机溶剂。组成以重量百分比表示。易燃性用ASTM测试D-3278-89法的闪燃点测量,或通过与引火物的接触而确定。
表1
实施例 | 组份A | 组份B | 组份C | 恒沸组合物(A∶B) | 恒沸物(A∶B) | 沸点 | 可燃性 | 注 |
1 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1,1,2,2,-四氟环丁烷 | 50/50 | 67/33 | 39-41℃ | 不可燃 | ||
2 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1,1,1-三氟-2,2-二氯乙烷 | 50/50 | 14/86 | 26.5℃ | 不可燃 | ||
3 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1-氟-1,1-二氯乙烷 | 50/50 | 45/55 | 27℃ | 不可燃 | ||
4 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1,2-反-二氯乙烯 | 80/20 | 68/32 | 34℃ | 两相 | ||
5 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 环戊烷 | 50/50 | 81/19 | 36℃ | 可燃 | ||
6 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 叔丁基甲基醚 | 50/50 | 81/19 | 41℃ | 可燃 | ||
7 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 叔戊基甲基醚 | 50/5093/7 | 93/7 | 44℃ | 不可燃 | ||
8 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷 | 50/50 | 98/2 | 51℃ | 不可燃 | ||
9 | 全氟代-N-乙基吗啉 | 1-氟-1,1-二氟乙烷 | 50/50 | 22/78 | 32℃ | 不可燃 | ||
10 | 全氟代-N-乙基吗啉 | 1,1,2,2-四氟环丁烷 | 50/50 | 42/58 | 50℃ | 可燃 | ||
11 | 全氟代-N-乙基吗啉 | 2,2,4-三基戊烷 | 90/10 | 90/10 | 71℃ | 不可燃 | ||
12 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 叔丁醇 | 90/10 | 93/7 | 41℃ | 不可燃 | 两相 |
实施例 | 组份A | 组份B | 组份C | 恒沸组合物(A∶B) | 恒沸物(A∶B) | 沸点 | 可燃性 | 注 |
13 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1,1,2,2-四氟环丁烷 | 丙酮 | 60/30/10 | 37℃ | 不可燃 | ||
14 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1,1,2,2-四氟环丁烷 | 异丙醇 | 60/30/10 | 60/38/2 | 40℃ | 不可燃 | |
15 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 六甲基二硅氧烷 | 90/10 | 96/4 | 52℃ | 不可燃 | ||
16 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 乙酸叔丁基酯 | 93/7 | 96/4 | 52℃ | 不可燃 | ||
17 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1,1,2,2-四氟环丁烷 | 叔丁醇 | 61/30/9 | 60/38/2 | 41℃ | 不可燃 | |
18 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 2,3-二甲基戊烷 | 叔丁醇 | 80/10/10 | 93/2.5/4.5 | 52℃ | 不可燃 | |
19 | 全氟代-N-乙基吗啉 | 六甲基二硅氧烷 | 90/10 | 87/13 | 70℃ | 可燃 | ||
20 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 叔戊基甲基醚 | 叔丁醇 | 61/30/9 | 51℃ | 两相 | ||
21 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 1,1,2,2-四氟环丁烷 | 乙醇 | 64/31/5 | 71/26/3 | 38℃ | 不可燃 | |
22 | 全氟代-N-乙基吗啉 | 乙酸叔丁基酯 | 90/10 | 69℃ | 两相 | |||
23 | 全氟代-N-甲基吗啉 | 环已烷 | 8/90/10 | 48℃ | 两相 |
本发明的恒沸组合物能用于各种不同的用途。例如,这些恒沸组合物能用于清洗电子物品如印刷电路板、磁盘、软盘驱动磁头等,清洗医疗物品如注射器和手术设备。清洗这些污染物品,是将物品与恒沸组合物接触,此时组合物一般处于沸腾或搅拌状态。使用这些恒沸组合物的具体清洗方法是多种多样的,例如在Tipping等人的美国专利No.3,904,430;Tipping等人的美国专利No。3,957,531;Slinn的美国专利No.5,055,138;Sluga等人的美国专利No.5,082,503;Flynn等人的美国专利No.5,089,152;Slinn的美国专利No.5,143,652;和Anton的美国专利No.5,176,757之中所述的各种方法。
一些优选的恒沸物的清洗能力对各种材料的试样可进行超声波清洗和/或蒸汽去除油脂而加以评估的。超声波清洗是将试样浸于溶剂中,在19.4℃的Branson 1200超声波浴中进行的。所用的试样材料为316的不锈钢、铜、铝、碳钢、丙烯酸酯的约2.5mm×5mm×1.6mm的平行六面体,或印刷电路板。起初,试样用Freon 113加以清洗,然后称重至±0.0005克。先将试样的一部分浸于污物(Medi Kay重矿物油,轻机械油,重机械油,成肉油脂,或Alpha 611焊剂)而弄脏试样,从污物中取出试样称重。弄脏的试样经超声波清洗或蒸汽去除油脂30秒,然后称重。然后,试样再清洗30秒,称重,最后,试样再清洗2分钟并称重。在表2~7中,对于3分钟的总清洗时间,列出了去除的污物的重量占总污物重量(通过差别确定)的百分比。为了对比,也列出了溶剂Freon 113的清洗结果。对于某些试样,用本发明恒沸组合物的清洗结果表明,清洗除去的污染物竟超过100%。据信,这可能是因为先用Freon 113清洗时,没有将试样上的最初所有的污染物都去除掉。
表2
经3经超声波清洗3分钟后,从试样上去除的矿物油的百分比(%)
试样 | 碳钢 | 铜 | 不锈钢 | 铝 | 印刷电路板 | 丙烯酸酯 |
Freon 113 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例11 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例18 | 105 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例7 | 100 | 111 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
表3
经超声波清洗3分钟后,从试样上去除的咸肉油脂的百分比(%)
试样 | 碳钢 | 铜 | 不锈钢 | 铝 | 印刷电路板 | 丙烯酸酯 |
Freon 113 | 101 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例11 | 88 | 98 | 97 | 93 | N/A | 98 |
实施例18 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 101 | N/A | 100 |
实施例7 | 109 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
表4
经超声波清洗3分钟后,从试样上去除的轻油的百分比(%)
试样 | 碳钢 | 铜 | 不锈钢 | 铝 | 印刷电路板 | 丙烯酸酯 |
Freon 113 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例11 | 101 | 100 | 101 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例18 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 101 | N/A | 100 |
实施例7 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
表5
经超声波清洗3分钟后,从试样上去除的重机油的百分比(%)
试样 | 碳钢 | 铜 | 不锈钢 | 铝 | 印刷电路板 | 丙烯酸酯 |
Freon 113 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例11 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例18 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
实施例7 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 |
表6
经CFC113蒸汽去除油1.5分钟后,去除的油脂的百分比(%)
试样 | 碳钢 | 铜 | 不锈钢 | 铝 | 印刷电路板 | 丙烯酸酯 |
矿物油 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 101 | 99 | 100 |
咸肉油脂 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 100 |
机油 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
轻油 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 100 |
表7
用实施例11的恒沸组合物的
蒸汽去除油脂3分钟后,去除的油脂的百分比(%)
试样 | 碳钢 | 铜 | 不锈钢 | 铝 | 印刷电路板 | 丙烯酸酯 |
矿物油 | 99 | 103 | 102 | 101 | 98 | 98 |
咸肉油脂 | 94 | 96 | 87 | 87 | 94 | 85 |
机油 | 97 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 95 | 96 |
轻油 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 100 | 99 | 97 |
注:N/A=不适用
具有表1中例子18的组成的恒沸物被用作Flynn的美国专利No.5,089,152(“Flynn″)中描述的水处理中的溶剂。该恒沸物被用于Flynn的实施例1中所描述的程序,在Flynn的表1中的实施例2a中使用0.2重量%阿米酚表面活性剂,而且发现它能有效地用于处理水。
本发明的某些恒沸组合物能用于清洗敏感的基片如膜和胶片,包括涂覆过的膜和膜层压片。许多这样的膜是对有机溶剂和水敏感的。有机溶剂和水会溶解或破坏膜或涂层。因此,用于清洗膜的恒沸组合物最好含有不会对膜或涂层造成破坏的溶剂。适合用于清洗膜的有机溶剂包括叔戊基甲基醚,六甲基二硅氧烷,异辛烷,叔丁醇和2,3-二甲基戊烷。
用油脂笔在曝光过的照片胶片的两侧(涂覆侧和未涂覆侧)作记号。再将样品悬挂在例子7的恒沸组合物的沸腾样品上方的蒸汽中30秒。再用棉花或纸片擦拭胶片以去除残余的恒沸物和标记。然后用肉眼观察胶片样品,发现只留有微量的油脂笔的标记。两侧都被同样地清洁地清洗,而且对于胶片和照相的乳剂都没有破坏。
再用另一曝光的、作标记的照相胶片的样品重复试验。胶片被置于例子18的恒沸组合物的沸腾样品的上方的蒸汽中。对样品的肉眼观察发现,只有微量的残余物。对于胶片和乳剂都没有明显的破坏。
再取第三个曝光过的、作标记的照相胶片的样品与例子15的恒沸组合物在室温下接触。一分钟后回收样品,进行擦拭,并肉眼观察。发现没有油脂笔的记号的痕迹,而且对于胶片和乳剂都没有明显的破坏。
再取第四个曝光过的、作标记的照相胶片的样品与例子18的液态恒沸组合物在室温下接触。四分钟后取出样品,进行擦拭后,肉眼观察。发现也没有油脂笔记号的痕迹。
取第五个曝光的照相胶片的样品,在其两面作标记后,与例子18的液态恒沸组合物在36℃和超声波搅拌条件下接触。三分钟后取出样品,进行擦拭后,肉眼观察。发现清洗的样品也不再有油脂笔记号的痕迹。
恒沸组合物还可以用作发泡剂,根据Owens等人的美国专利No.5,162,384中所述的程序。
其他例子列于权利要求书。
Claims (8)
1.一种恒沸组合物,其特征在于,它含有全氟代环胺醚和至少一种有机溶剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,该全氟代环胺醚是选自全氟代-N-脂族吗啉,全氟代-N-甲基吗啉,全氟代-N-乙基吗啉和全氟代吗啉。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,该有机溶剂选自含氢氯氟烃,含氢氟烃,醚,烃,醇,酮,酯和硅氧烷。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,该组合物含有两种有机溶剂。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,该组合物所含全氟代环胺醚的重量百分数是在该全氟代环胺醚和该有机溶剂形成的恒沸物中的全氟代环胺醚百分数的上下10%范围之内。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,该组合物所含有机溶剂的重量百分数是在该全氟代环胺醚和该有机溶剂形成的恒沸物中的有机溶剂百分数的上下10%范围之内。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,该组合物在环境条件下是单一相。
8.一和从物品上去除污物的方法,其特征在于,该方法是将该物品与权利要求1-7中任一项所述的恒沸组合物接触。
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US5211873A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-05-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fine-celled plastic foam containing fluorochemical blowing agent |
US5210106A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-05-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fine-celled plastic foam containing fluorochemical blowing agent |
US5444098A (en) * | 1992-07-13 | 1995-08-22 | Recticel | Mainly closed cell phenolic foam and process for producing this foam |
US5643525A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1997-07-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for improving electrostatic charging of plexifilaments |
US5401429A (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1995-03-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Azeotropic compositions containing perfluorinated cycloaminoether |
US5539008A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1996-07-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Foamable composition containing unsaturated perfluorochemical blowing agent |
US5397808A (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 1995-03-14 | Miles Inc. | Low thermal conductivity foam |
US5536327A (en) * | 1994-11-21 | 1996-07-16 | Entropic Systems, Inc. | Removal of hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon residues using coupling agent additives |
-
1993
- 1993-04-01 US US08/041,693 patent/US5401429A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-02-22 JP JP6522066A patent/JPH08508483A/ja active Pending
- 1994-02-22 KR KR1019950704247A patent/KR960702016A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-22 EP EP94913273A patent/EP0693140A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-02-22 WO PCT/US1994/002189 patent/WO1994023091A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-22 CN CN94191679A patent/CN1120356A/zh active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-01-06 US US08/369,505 patent/US5484489A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-01-16 US US08/586,994 patent/US5744436A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111647391A (zh) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-09-11 | 浙江诺亚氟化工有限公司 | 一种多效有机型冷却液组合物及其应用 |
CN111647391B (zh) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-21 | 浙江诺亚氟化工有限公司 | 一种多效有机型冷却液组合物及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5484489A (en) | 1996-01-16 |
WO1994023091A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
JPH08508483A (ja) | 1996-09-10 |
US5744436A (en) | 1998-04-28 |
KR960702016A (ko) | 1996-03-28 |
EP0693140A1 (en) | 1996-01-24 |
US5401429A (en) | 1995-03-28 |
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