CN112021727B - 一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫 - Google Patents

一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫 Download PDF

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CN112021727B
CN112021727B CN202010912343.0A CN202010912343A CN112021727B CN 112021727 B CN112021727 B CN 112021727B CN 202010912343 A CN202010912343 A CN 202010912343A CN 112021727 B CN112021727 B CN 112021727B
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CN112021727A (zh
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张祖波
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Beijing Taixinyuan Shoes Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/003—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined characterised by the material
    • A43B17/006—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined characterised by the material multilayered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
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    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
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    • B32B2262/065—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，从上到下包括复合纤维层（1）、蒜薹纤维层（2）、混合药物层（3）和竹浆纤维层（4）；所述混合药物层（3）包括药物载体和混合药物，混合药物负载在药物载体上，所述药物载体为无纺布，所述混合药物为纳米银粒子与蒜薹提取物的混合物。

Description

一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫
技术领域
本发明属于鞋垫领域，具体涉及一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫。
背景技术
鞋内在长时间潮湿的环境下容易滋生细菌，脚部又属于经常活动的部位，由于运动量大，出汗较多，极易感染上各类皮肤病，如脚气、脚汗和脚臭是日常生活中常见的病症。因此，需要一种抗菌透气的鞋垫。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，从上到下包括复合纤维层、蒜薹纤维层、混合药物层和竹浆纤维层；所述混合药物层包括药物载体和混合药物，混合药物负载在药物载体上，所述药物载体为无纺布，所述混合药物为纳米银粒子与蒜薹提取物的混合物；
所述蒜薹纤维的制备方法为：
S1.1. 收集已经开花的蒜薹花径底部5-10cm长度的部分，进行压榨，压榨过程中，并不将压榨液与固渣分离；
S1.2. 压榨完成后，混合物料中加入乙醚，搅拌2-3h，然后过滤，固渣备用，将滤液冻干，得到蒜薹提取物；
S1.3. 将S1.2所得固渣烘干，然后放入稀酸溶液中进行预水解，预水解完成后排去水解液，并用水洗至洗液呈中性，将固料进行碱液蒸煮4-5h，蒸煮完成后，得到浆料，将所得浆料进行洗涤、漂白、酸处理、抄浆，得到蒜薹浆粕，所得蒜薹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上；
S1.4. 将S1.3所得蒜薹浆粕采用湿法纺丝工艺制成蒜薹纤维；
所述复合纤维的制备方法为：
S2.1. 按照S1.1-S1.3的方法制备蒜薹浆粕；
S2.2. 按照常规方法制备得到竹浆粕，所得竹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上，
S2.3. 将所得竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕进行混合，得到混合浆粕；
S2.4. 将所得混合浆粕采用湿法纺丝工艺制成混合纤维；
所述混合药物层的制备方法：
S3.1. 配制硝酸银溶液；S3.2.将无纺布浸泡在所得硝酸银溶液中，将硝酸银还原得到纳米银粒子，此时纳米银粒子负载在无纺布上；S3.3. 将S1.2和S2.1所得的蒜薹提取物溶于溶剂中，并将蒜薹提取物溶液喷洒在S3.2所得的负载有纳米银的无纺布上，干燥，得到混合药物层。
进一步的，S1.2中，加入乙醚的质量为混合物料的2-3倍。
进一步的，S1.3中，预水解的条件为，pH为4，温度为35-40℃，时间为2-3h；
进一步的，S1.3中，氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为10-15%。
进一步的，S2.3中，竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕的体积比为1:2-3。
进一步的，混合药物层上，无纺布上的纳米银负载量为0.2-0.5 g/m2 ，蒜薹提取物的负载量为1-2 g/m2。
进一步的，所述复合纤维层和蒜薹纤维层的厚度为1±0.1mm，所述竹浆纤维层厚度为2±0.1mm，所述混合药物层厚度为0.5±0.1mm。
进一步的，将蒜薹提取物进行改性，改性方法为：将蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精混合研磨，得到被β-环糊精包覆的改性蒜薹提取物。
进一步的，蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精的质量比为1:1。
进一步的，S2.3中，在制备混合浆粕时，往其中加入0.01%的腐殖酸钠。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）竹浆纤维的透气性好，且其具有除味、抑菌的作用；蒜薹为一种常见的蔬菜，而蒜薹开花后，花径底部5-10cm的花径很老，已经不宜食用，将其处理得到的蒜薹纤维，具有辅助除菌的作用；复合纤维是将竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕混合后制备的而成的，既保留的竹浆纤维的透气性、蒜薹纤维的除菌性，同时其耐磨性有所提高。本发明的鞋垫从上至下依次为复合纤维层、蒜薹纤维层、混合药物层和竹浆纤维层，将复合纤维层作为第一层，由于其的透气、除菌性，既可避免脚部的闷气感，同时具有初步的除菌效果，且由于复合纤维层的耐磨性好，延长鞋垫的使用寿命，即使鞋垫使用一段时间后，除菌效果减弱甚至消失，还可以将其作为普通鞋垫使用，将蒜薹纤维层作为第二层，进一步辅助除菌，而混合药物层作为起主要除菌作用的第三层，其中的蒜薹提取物为制备蒜薹纤维的副产物，且混合药物层中，蒜薹提取物覆盖住纳米银，由于银为贵金属，纳米银与蒜薹提取物复合使用，可以减少银的使用量，降低生产成本，竹浆纤维层为第四层，保证整个鞋垫的透气性。
（2）由于得到的蒜薹提取物为黄色的固体，鞋垫受到压力后，会有部分渗出至鞋垫的外表面，有将使用者的袜子污染的风险。因此，在喷洒蒜薹提取物前，先利用β-环糊精将其进行改性，β-环糊精将蒜薹提取物包覆起来，大大减小了蒜薹提取物渗出至鞋垫外表面，且在使用过程中，由于摩擦、挤压的作用，蒜薹提取物缓慢从β-环糊精中释放出来，延长了鞋垫的除菌效果。同时，由于β-环糊精的包覆作用，改善了蒜薹提取物的不良气味。
（3）直接将竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕进行混合得到的混合浆粕稳定性不是很好，放置17小时会出现轻微的分层现象，因此，需要在分层之间完成纤维制备，而这无疑是对工厂的巨大考验，因为需要大量的工人赶时间完成纤维制备。而为了改善混合浆粕这种不稳定的现象，在制备混合浆粕时，往其中加入0.01%的腐殖酸钠，混合浆粕可稳定放置53小时，为复合纤维制备赢得了更长的时间。
附图说明
图1为本发明鞋垫的层状结构；
图中，1-复合纤维层，2-蒜薹纤维层，3-混合药物层，4-竹浆纤维层。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，并不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其他所有实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
S1.制备蒜薹纤维：
S1.1. 收集已经开花的蒜薹花径底部5-10cm长度的部分，进行压榨，压榨过程中，并不将压榨液与固渣分离；
S1.2. 压榨完成后，混合物料中加入乙醚，乙醚的质量为S1所得混合物料的2-3倍，搅拌2-3h，然后过滤，固渣备用，将滤液冻干，得到蒜薹提取物；
S1.3. 将S1.2所得固渣烘干并破碎，然后将其放入稀酸溶液中进行预水解，预水解条件为：pH为4，温度为35-40℃，时间为2-3h；预水解完成后，排去水解液，并用水洗至洗液呈中性，然后将固料进行碱液蒸煮4-5h，碱液为氢氧化钠溶液，浓度为10-15%，蒸煮完成后，得到浆料，将所得浆料进行洗涤、漂白、酸处理、抄浆，得到蒜薹浆粕，所得蒜薹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上；
S1.4. 将S1.3所得蒜薹浆粕溶于氢氧化钠溶液中，并加入二硫化碳，反应得到粘胶溶液，并采用湿法纺丝工艺制成蒜薹纤维；
S2. 制备复合纤维
S2.1. 按照S1.1-S1.3的方法制备蒜薹浆粕；
S2.2. 按照常规方法制备得到竹浆粕，所得竹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上，
S2.3. 将所得竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕进行混合，得到混合浆粕；竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕的体积比为1:2-3；
S2.4. 将所得混合浆粕氢氧化钠溶液中，并加入二硫化碳，反应得到粘胶溶液，并采用湿法纺丝工艺制成混合纤维；
S3. 制备混合药物层：
S3.1. 配制硝酸银溶液；
S3.2.将无纺布浸泡在所得硝酸银溶液中，将硝酸银还原得到纳米银粒子，此时纳米银粒子负载在无纺布上；
S3.3. 将S1.2和S2.1所得的蒜薹提取物溶于溶剂中，并将蒜薹提取物溶液喷洒在S3.2所得的负载有纳米银的无纺布上，干燥，得到混合药物层，混合药物层上，无纺布上的纳米银负载量为0.2-0.5 g/m2 ，蒜薹提取物的负载量为1-2 g/m2。
S4. 制备鞋垫
按照常规方法制备竹浆纤维，将分别竹浆纤维、蒜薹纤维、复合纤维按照常规方法纺织成布，然后按照复合纤维、蒜薹纤维、混合药物层和竹浆纤维的顺序，将各层缝合在一起，且所述复合纤维层和蒜薹纤维层的厚度为1±0.1mm，所述竹浆纤维层厚度为2±0.1mm，所述混合药物层厚度为0.5±0.1mm，最后再将所得多层材料裁剪成鞋垫形状即可。
实施例2
按照实施1所得的鞋垫，试穿后发现，鞋垫颜色变黄，鞋垫的重点受力点处甚至将袜子染黄，为了解决这个问题，在使用蒜薹提取物之前，将其进行改性，改性方法为：将蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精混合研磨，蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精的质量比为1:1。具体为：
S1.制备蒜薹纤维：
S1.1. 收集已经开花的蒜薹花径底部5-10cm长度的部分，进行压榨，压榨过程中，并不将压榨液与固渣分离；
S1.2. 压榨完成后，混合物料中加入乙醚，乙醚的质量为S1所得混合物料的2-3倍，搅拌2-3h，然后过滤，固渣备用，将滤液冻干，得到蒜薹提取物；
S1.3. 将S1.2所得固渣烘干并破碎，然后将其放入稀酸溶液中进行预水解，预水解条件为：pH为4，温度为35-40℃，时间为2-3h；预水解完成后，排去水解液，并用水洗至洗液呈中性，然后将固料进行碱液蒸煮4-5h，碱液为氢氧化钠溶液，浓度为10-15%，蒸煮完成后，得到浆料，将所得浆料进行洗涤、漂白、酸处理、抄浆，得到蒜薹浆粕，所得蒜薹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上；
S1.4. 将S1.3所得蒜薹浆粕溶于氢氧化钠溶液中，并加入二硫化碳，反应得到粘胶溶液，并采用湿法纺丝工艺制成蒜薹纤维；
S2. 制备复合纤维
S2.1. 按照S1.1-S1.3的方法制备蒜薹浆粕；
S2.2. 按照常规方法制备得到竹浆粕，所得竹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上，
S2.3. 将所得竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕进行混合，得到混合浆粕；竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕的体积比为1:2-3；
S2.4. 将所得混合浆粕氢氧化钠溶液中，并加入二硫化碳，反应得到粘胶溶液，并采用湿法纺丝工艺制成混合纤维；
S3. 制备混合药物层：
S3.1. 配制硝酸银溶液；
S3.2.将无纺布浸泡在所得硝酸银溶液中，将硝酸银还原得到纳米银粒子，此时纳米银粒子负载在无纺布上；
S3.3. 将S1.2和S2.1所得的蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精混合研磨，蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精的质量比为1:1，将改性后的蒜薹提取物配制成浆料，并将该浆料喷洒在S3.2所得的负载有纳米银的无纺布上，干燥，得到混合药物层，混合药物层上，无纺布上的纳米银负载量为0.2-0.5 g/m2 ，蒜薹提取物的负载量为1-2 g/m2。
制备鞋垫
按照常规方法制备竹浆纤维，将分别竹浆纤维、蒜薹纤维、复合纤维按照常规方法纺织成布，然后按照复合纤维、蒜薹纤维、混合药物层和竹浆纤维的顺序，将各层缝合在一起，且所述复合纤维层和蒜薹纤维层的厚度为1±0.1mm，所述竹浆纤维层厚度为2±0.1mm，所述混合药物层厚度为0.5±0.1mm，最后再将所得多层材料裁剪成鞋垫形状即可。
由于得到的蒜薹提取物为微黄的粉末，且具有不良气味，将其用β-环糊精包覆，改善了不良气味，且避免鞋垫发黄。
实施例3
在制备复合纤维时发现，直接将竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕进行混合得到的混合浆粕稳定性不是很好，放置17小时会出现轻微的分层现象，因此，制备的混合浆粕需尽快支撑混合纤维。为了改善这种混合浆粕不稳定的情况，在制备混合浆粕时，往其中加入0.01%的腐殖酸钠，混合浆粕可稳定放置53小时。具体为：
S1.制备蒜薹纤维：
S1.1. 收集已经开花的蒜薹花径底部5-10cm长度的部分，进行压榨，压榨过程中，并不将压榨液与固渣分离；
S1.2. 压榨完成后，混合物料中加入乙醚，乙醚的质量为S1所得混合物料的2-3倍，搅拌2-3h，然后过滤，固渣备用，将滤液冻干，得到蒜薹提取物；
S1.3. 将S1.2所得固渣烘干并破碎，然后将其放入稀酸溶液中进行预水解，预水解条件为：pH为4，温度为35-40℃，时间为2-3h；预水解完成后，排去水解液，并用水洗至洗液呈中性，然后将固料进行碱液蒸煮4-5h，碱液为氢氧化钠溶液，浓度为10-15%，蒸煮完成后，得到浆料，将所得浆料进行洗涤、漂白、酸处理、抄浆，得到蒜薹浆粕，所得蒜薹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上；
S1.4. 将S1.3所得蒜薹浆粕溶于氢氧化钠溶液中，并加入二硫化碳，反应得到粘胶溶液，并采用湿法纺丝工艺制成蒜薹纤维；
S2. 制备复合纤维
S2.1. 按照S1.1-S1.3的方法制备蒜薹浆粕；
S2.2. 按照常规方法制备得到竹浆粕，所得竹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上，
S2.3. 将所得竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕进行混合，并其中加入0.01%的腐殖酸钠，得到混合浆粕；竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕的体积比为1:2-3；
S2.4. 将所得混合浆粕氢氧化钠溶液中，并加入二硫化碳，反应得到粘胶溶液，并采用湿法纺丝工艺制成混合纤维；
S3. 制备混合药物层：
S3.1. 配制硝酸银溶液；
S3.2.将无纺布浸泡在所得硝酸银溶液中，将硝酸银还原得到纳米银粒子，此时纳米银粒子负载在无纺布上；
S3.3. 将S1.2和S2.1所得的蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精混合研磨，蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精的质量比为1:1，将改性后的蒜薹提取物配制成浆料，并将该浆料喷洒在S3.2所得的负载有纳米银的无纺布上，干燥，得到混合药物层，混合药物层上，无纺布上的纳米银负载量为0.2-0.5 g/m2 ，蒜薹提取物的负载量为1-2 g/m2。
制备鞋垫
按照常规方法制备竹浆纤维，将分别竹浆纤维、蒜薹纤维、复合纤维按照常规方法纺织成布，然后按照复合纤维、蒜薹纤维、混合药物层和竹浆纤维的顺序，将各层缝合在一起，且所述复合纤维层和蒜薹纤维层的厚度为1±0.1mm，所述竹浆纤维层厚度为2±0.1mm，所述混合药物层厚度为0.5±0.1mm，最后再将所得多层材料裁剪成鞋垫形状即可。
将实施例1-3所得鞋垫进行抗菌试验，试验方法为QB/T2881-2013中所规定的方法，试验结果如表1所示。从下表可以看出，加入β-环糊精后，抗菌效果微微降低，表明β-环糊精对抗菌效果有一定的负影响。
表1 实施例1-3的抗菌试验结果
肺炎克雷伯氏菌/% 金黄色葡萄球菌/% 白色念珠菌/%
实施例1（洗涤前） 99% 99% 92%
实施例2（洗涤前） 98% 97% 89%
实施例3（洗涤前） 97% 97% 90%

Claims (8)

1.一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，从上到下包括复合纤维层（1）、蒜薹纤维层（2）、混合药物层（3）和竹浆纤维层（4）；所述混合药物层（3）包括药物载体和混合药物，混合药物负载在药物载体上，所述药物载体为无纺布，所述混合药物为纳米银粒子与蒜薹提取物的混合物；
所述蒜薹纤维层（2）由蒜薹纤维纺织而成，所述蒜薹纤维的制备方法为：
S1.1. 收集已经开花的蒜薹花径底部5-10cm长度的部分，进行压榨，压榨过程中，并不将压榨液与固渣分离；S1.2. 压榨完成后，混合物料中加入乙醚，搅拌2-3h，然后过滤，固渣备用，将滤液冻干，得到蒜薹提取物；S1.3. 将S1.2所得固渣烘干，然后放入稀酸溶液中进行预水解，预水解完成后排去水解液，并用水洗至洗液呈中性，将固料进行碱液蒸煮4-5h，蒸煮完成后，得到浆料，将所得浆料进行洗涤、漂白、酸处理、抄浆，得到蒜薹浆粕，所得蒜薹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上；S1.4. 将S1.3所得蒜薹浆粕采用湿法纺丝工艺制成蒜薹纤维；
所述复合纤维层（1）由复合纤维纺织而成，所述复合纤维的制备方法为：
S2.1. 按照S1.1-S1.3的方法制备蒜薹浆粕；S2.2. 按照常规方法制备得到竹浆粕，所得竹浆粕中，纤维素含量为95%以上；S2.3. 将所得竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕进行混合，并往其中加入0.01%的腐殖酸钠，得到混合浆粕；S2.4. 将所得混合浆粕采用湿法纺丝工艺制成混合纤维；
所述混合药物层（3）的制备方法：
S3.1. 配制硝酸银溶液；S3.2.将无纺布浸泡在所得硝酸银溶液中，将硝酸银还原得到纳米银粒子，此时纳米银粒子负载在无纺布上；S3.3. 将S1.2和S2.1所得的蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精混合研磨，制得改性蒜薹提取物，其次将改性蒜薹提取物溶于溶剂中，并将改性蒜薹提取物溶液喷洒在S3.2所得的负载有纳米银的无纺布上，干燥，得到混合药物层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，S1.2中，加入乙醚的质量为混合物料的2-3倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，S1.3中，预水解的条件为，pH为4，温度为35-40℃，时间为2-3h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，S1.3中，氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为10-15%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，S2.3中，竹浆粕和蒜薹浆粕的体积比为1:2-3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，混合药物层上，无纺布上的纳米银负载量为0.2-0.5 g/m2 ，蒜薹提取物的负载量为1-2 g/m2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，所述复合纤维层（1）和蒜薹纤维层（2）的厚度为1±0.1mm，所述竹浆纤维层（4）厚度为2±0.1mm，所述混合药物层（3）厚度为0.5±0.1mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米银抗菌鞋垫，其特征在于，蒜薹提取物与β-环糊精的质量比为1:1。
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