CN112021094A - Method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest - Google Patents
Method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest. The technology of the invention not only comprehensively utilizes the moso bamboo waste, but also obviously improves the economic benefit of the moso bamboo forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and relates to a method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest.
Background
The moso bamboo is the bamboo species which is long cultivated in China, has the widest area and the most important economic value. The moso bamboo pole is thick and suitable for buildings such as beam columns, shed frames, scaffolds and the like; the bamboo skin has excellent properties, is used for weaving various tools and artworks with different thicknesses, takes tips as brooms, and takes tender bamboos and rod sheaths as papermaking raw materials; the moso bamboo shoots are delicious and can be eaten fresh or processed into yulan magnolia slices, dried bamboo shoots, bamboo shoot skins and the like. The Mao bamboo leaves are green, evergreen in four seasons, beautiful and tall and straight, do not wither after frost and are elegant and popular. Since ancient times, the flower is often placed in garden mazes, pool sides, mountain stream, hillsides, stone trails, patios, scenic doors and indoor potted plants for appreciation. It is often planted with pine and plum, and is known as "three friends of winter". The root system of the moso bamboo is concentrated and dense, the bamboo stalks grow fast, the growth amount is large, and the moso bamboo is suitable for warm and humid climatic conditions. The requirement of the moso bamboo on soil is higher than that of common tree species, the moso bamboo is not only in need of abundant water-wet conditions, but also not resistant to water logging, and is suitable for valleys, hills and waist zones facing south away from the wind; the soil depth is more than 50 cm.
Rhizoma polygonati, also called rhizoma polygonati, yellow chicken dish, rhizoma physochlainae, rhizoma alismatis, and rhizoma acori graminei are perennial herb plants of the genus polygonatum in the family liliaceae, are important traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China, and are also medicinal and edible articles. Rhizoma Polygonati has the same shape as rhizoma Dioscoreae, can be eaten raw or stewed, and has effects of allaying hunger and promoting health. The rhizome of sealwort contains polysaccharide, glycan, flavone, lignin, alkaloid, amino acid and other substances, and modern pharmacological research shows that the sealwort has the effects of tonifying kidney and replenishing vital essence, nourishing yin and moistening dryness, resisting oxidation and aging, regulating human immunity, reducing blood fat, reducing blood sugar, inhibiting cholesterol, preventing atheromatosis, improving learning and memory capacity, resisting inflammation, resisting virus and the like, and is very beneficial to human bodies. At present, with the medicinal value and the health care value of polygonatum continuously recognized by people, the economic value of polygonatum becomes more and more prominent, the market demand increases year by year, the quantity of wild polygonatum is continuously reduced, and artificial planting becomes an effective measure for the development of polygonatum industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for compound cultivation of rhizoma polygonati in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing the moso bamboo cutting waste into particles with the particle size of 3-6mm, and soaking the moso bamboo cutting waste particles in water for 24-48 h; taking out the soaked moso bamboo felling waste particles, then carrying out steam explosion treatment, and collecting the moso bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion;
step 2: crushing bamboo shoot deep processing waste into particles with the particle size of 3-6mm, adding the bamboo shoot deep processing waste particles into a double-screw extruder, controlling the temperature of a feeding area to be 75-85 ℃, the temperature of a transition area to be 100-;
and step 3: mixing the bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion, the extruded materials and the edible woody fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 1-5:1-2:1-2, uniformly stirring, stacking, placing, stacking and fermenting for 15-30d, and collecting to obtain a mixed fermentation product of the edible woody fungus chaff;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts by weight of mixed fermentation products of edible woody fungi bran, 15-30 parts by weight of fishpond sludge, 10-15 parts by weight of animal manure and 0.5-1.0 part by weight of plant ash, piling the mixture, and stacking for fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in spring and summer is not 10-20 days, and the fermentation time in autumn and winter is 20-30 days; spreading the fermentation product after the stacking fermentation is finished, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 15%, and then crushing to 20-40 meshes to obtain the organic fertilizer for cultivating the sealwort;
and 5: uniformly mixing organic fertilizer for cultivating rhizoma polygonati and surface soil below the phyllostachys pubescens forest according to the mass ratio of 1-2:5-10, and standing for 7-10 days to obtain substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
step 6: digging a trench with the depth of 20-30cm and the width of 30-50cm on the ground surface of the gap of the moso bamboo, wherein the distance between the bottom surface of the trench and the root system of the moso bamboo is 5-15 cm; naturally airing for 5-10 days after excavation; then filling the trench with substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
and 7: in spring, sowing seeds or stem segments of rhizoma polygonati with terminal buds uniformly in the matrix soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati at a plant spacing of 10-20 cm; seedling emergence 14-21 days after sowing; arranging an insect pheromone trapper at intervals of 25-30 meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction in the cultivation field; erecting an insect catching lamp at intervals of 10-15 meters along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction; and (3) topdressing once every year in spring from the next year of sowing the polygonatum, wherein the fertilizer is organic fertilizer for cultivating the polygonatum and is uniformly spread by 2.5-5.0 tons per mu of polygonatum planting area.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: in the step 1, the technological parameters of the steam explosion treatment are as follows: the water-material ratio is 1:5-10, the pressure maintaining time is 10-15min, and the steam pressure is 2.0-2.5 MPa.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method adopts steam explosion to treat the moso bamboo felling waste, and is beneficial to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in the moso bamboo felling waste.
2. The invention adopts the double screws to extrude bamboo shoot deep processing waste, which is beneficial to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in the bamboo shoot head and the bamboo shoot shell and the metabolic utilization of substances such as saccharides, proteins and the like.
3. The method adopts mixed fermentation of the edible woody fungus chaff to treat the moso bamboo cutting waste and bamboo shoot deep processing waste, and utilizes the mycelium residues of the edible woody fungus chaff in the fungus chaff to degrade and metabolize the cellulose, hemicellulose, saccharides, proteins and the like in the moso bamboo cutting waste and bamboo shoot deep processing waste, thereby accelerating the degradation and metabolism of the moso bamboo cutting waste and bamboo shoot deep processing waste.
4. The invention takes organic fertilizer prepared by co-fermentation of moso bamboo cutting waste, bamboo shoot deep processing waste, woody edible fungus chaff, sludge, animal manure and the like as main raw materials, and mixes the surface soil of perennial moso bamboo forest to prepare the substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati, which can be used for high-efficiency planting of rhizoma polygonati.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Example 1: method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest
A method for compound cultivation of rhizoma polygonati in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest is characterized by comprising the following technical steps.
(1) Pretreatment of moso bamboo felling waste
The moso bamboo cutting waste is the cut moso bamboo residual branches and leaves, and the planed moso bamboo roots and the like.
Uniformly crushing the moso bamboo felling waste into fine particles with the particle size of 3-6mm for later use.
And fully soaking the crushed moso bamboo felling waste particles for 36 hours at normal temperature by using enough agricultural water for later use.
Taking out the soaked moso bamboo felling waste particles, placing the moso bamboo felling waste particles in steam explosion equipment, and performing steam explosion treatment by adopting the parameters of a water-material ratio of 1:8, a pressure maintaining time of 12min and a steam pressure of 2.2 MPa; collecting the bamboo felling waste particles after steam explosion, and cooling to normal temperature for later use.
(2) Bamboo shoot deep processing waste pretreatment
The bamboo shoot deep processing waste refers to waste generated in the deep processing process of bamboo shoots, such as bamboo shoot heads, bamboo shoot shells and the like.
Uniformly crushing fresh bamboo shoot deep processing waste into fine particles with the particle size of 3-6mm for later use.
And (4) extruding by using double screws. Adding the bamboo shoot deep processing waste particles into a double-screw extruder at a uniform speed, controlling the temperature of a feeding area to be 80 ℃, the temperature of a transition area to be 105 ℃, the temperature of a current limiting area to be 120 ℃, the screw rotating speed to be 220r/min and the feeding speed to be 120g/min, carrying out extrusion treatment, and collecting the extruded materials.
(3) Mixing fermentation of fungus chaff of woody edible fungus
Woody edible fungi refer to large fungi that naturally grow on woody plant residues and can cause decay of wood.
The woody edible fungus chaff refers to a fresh culture medium waste material left after the woody edible fungus is cultivated and harvested, wherein the fresh woody edible fungus chaff contains abundant fresh woody edible fungus mycelium residues; the edible fungus bran is selected from Pleurotus eryngii.
Mixing the bamboo felling waste particles obtained after steam explosion in the step (1), the bamboo shoot deep processing waste double-screw extrusion material and the woody edible fungus chaff in a mass ratio of 3:1.5:1.5, fully and uniformly stirring, piling and placing the mixture, wherein the average weight of each pile is 2 tons, and carrying out stacking fermentation at normal temperature; stacking for fermentation for 20d, and collecting the fermentation product for later use.
(4) Organic fertilizer for producing sealwort for cultivation
And (4) taking sludge in the fishpond, and draining water for later use.
Stacking and fermenting at normal temperature. And (3) mixing 60 parts by weight of the fungus chaff mixed fermentation product of the woody edible fungi in the step (3), 20 parts by weight of fishpond sludge, 12 parts by weight of animal manure and 0.8 part by weight of plant ash, and fully and uniformly mixing. The mixture was placed in piles weighing an average of 1.5 tons per pile. Stacking at normal temperature for fermentation for 15 days in spring and summer and 25 days in autumn and winter.
Drying and crushing. After normal-temperature stacking fermentation is completed, spreading the fermentation product, wherein the average height is lower than 10cm, and standing for 60 hours to reduce the water content of the material to be lower than 35%; drying the spread materials by hot air at 50 ℃ until the water content is lower than 15%, and then crushing to 20-40 meshes to obtain the organic fertilizer for cultivating the sealwort.
(5) Preparation of substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati
And (3) fully and uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer for cultivating the polygonatum in the step (4) and the soil on the lower surface of the perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest according to the mass ratio of 1.5:8, and standing for 9 days to obtain the matrix soil for cultivating the polygonatum for later use.
(6) Digging trench
Excavating a trench with the depth of 25cm and the width of 40cm on the ground surface under the perennial moso bamboo forest at the gap of growth of the moso bamboo, wherein the distance between the bottom surface of the trench and the root system of the moso bamboo is 10 cm; naturally airing for 8d after excavation; then, the trench is filled with the medium soil for cultivating the yellow soil in (5). When the bamboo shoots germinating from the root systems of the moso bamboos pass through the substrate soil for cultivating the polygonatum sibiricum, the effects of loosening the soil and ventilating air can be achieved.
(7) Sealwort planting and management
And (6) sowing. In spring, rhizoma polygonati seeds or rhizoma polygonati stem sections with terminal buds are uniformly sown in the matrix soil of the trench along the central axis of the trench at a plant spacing of 10-20cm, and the specific method comprises the steps of pressing the rhizoma polygonati seeds or the rhizoma polygonati stem sections with terminal buds into the matrix soil of the trench to a depth of 2-3cm, then filling the matrix soil, and watering thoroughly.
And (5) insect prevention. After sowing, emergence of seedlings is carried out for about 14-21 days; during the whole cultivation process, the insect prevention needs to be carried out in spring and summer. In a preferred method of insect control, an insect pheromone trap is provided and an insect trapping light is erected. Arranging an insect pheromone trapper at intervals of 28m in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction in the cultivation field; one insect catching lamp is arranged at intervals of 12 meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, and the insect catching lamps are started at night.
And (6) topdressing. The sealwort is sowed in the same year without additional fertilizer; and (4) topdressing once every year in spring from the next year of sowing, wherein the fertilizer is (4) an organic fertilizer for medium-yellow essence cultivation, and 3.0 tons of fertilizer is uniformly spread in each mu of sealwort planting area.
And (6) harvesting. After the sealwort is sown for 3 years, the sealwort can be harvested in sequence.
Example 2: method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest
A method for compound cultivation of rhizoma polygonati in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing the moso bamboo cutting waste into particles with the particle size of 3mm, and soaking the moso bamboo cutting waste particles in water for 24 hours; taking out the soaked moso bamboo felling waste particles, then carrying out steam explosion treatment, and collecting the moso bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion;
step 2: crushing bamboo shoot deep processing waste into particles with the particle size of 3mm, adding the bamboo shoot deep processing waste particles into a double-screw extruder, controlling the temperature of a feeding area to be 75 ℃, the temperature of a transition area to be 100 ℃, the temperature of a current limiting area to be 115 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw to be 200r/min and the feeding speed to be 100g/min, carrying out extrusion treatment, and collecting extruded materials;
and step 3: mixing the bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion, the extruded materials and the woody edible fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly stirring, stacking, fermenting for 15d, and collecting to obtain a woody edible fungus chaff mixed fermentation product;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of mixed fermentation products of edible fungus chaff of woody plants, 15 parts by weight of fishpond sludge, 10 parts by weight of animal manure and 0.5 part by weight of plant ash, piling the mixture, placing the mixture in a stack, and performing stacking fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in spring and summer is not 10 days, and the fermentation time in autumn and winter is 20 days; after the stacking fermentation is finished, spreading the fermentation product, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 15%, and then crushing to 20 meshes to obtain the organic fertilizer for cultivating the sealwort;
and 5: uniformly mixing organic fertilizer for cultivating rhizoma polygonati and surface soil under the phyllostachys pubescens forest according to the mass ratio of 1:50, and standing for 7d to obtain substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
step 6: digging a trench with the depth of 20cm and the width of 30cm on the ground surface of the gap of the moso bamboo, wherein the distance between the bottom surface of the trench and the root system of the moso bamboo is 5 cm; naturally airing for 5d after excavation; then filling the trench with substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
and 7: in spring, sowing seeds or stem segments of polygonatum sibiricum with terminal buds uniformly in matrix soil for polygonatum sibiricum cultivation according to the plant spacing of 10 cm; seedling emergence 14 days after sowing; arranging an insect pheromone trapper at intervals of 25 meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction in the cultivation field; erecting an insect catching lamp every 10 meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction; and (3) topdressing once every year in spring from the next year of sowing the polygonatum, wherein the fertilizer is organic fertilizer for cultivating the polygonatum and is uniformly spread by 2.5 tons per mu of polygonatum planting area.
The preferred embodiment is: in the step 1, the technological parameters of the steam explosion treatment are as follows: the water-material ratio is 1:5, the pressure maintaining time is 10min, and the steam pressure is 2.0 MPa.
Example 3: method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest
A method for compound cultivation of rhizoma polygonati in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing the moso bamboo cutting waste into particles with the particle size of 6mm, and soaking the moso bamboo cutting waste particles in water for 48 hours; taking out the soaked moso bamboo felling waste particles, then carrying out steam explosion treatment, and collecting the moso bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion;
step 2: crushing bamboo shoot deep processing waste into particles with the particle size of 6mm, adding the bamboo shoot deep processing waste particles into a double-screw extruder, controlling the temperature of a feeding area to be 85 ℃, the temperature of a transition area to be 110 ℃, the temperature of a current limiting area to be 125 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw to be 250r/min and the feeding speed to be 150g/min, carrying out extrusion treatment, and collecting extruded materials;
and step 3: mixing the bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion, the extruded materials and the woody edible fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 5:2: 2, uniformly stirring, stacking, fermenting for 30d, and collecting to obtain a woody edible fungus chaff mixed fermentation product;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 70 parts by weight of mixed fermentation products of edible fungus chaff of woody plants, 30 parts by weight of fishpond sludge, 15 parts by weight of animal manure and 1.0 part by weight of plant ash, piling the mixture, and carrying out stacking fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in spring and summer is not 20 days, and the fermentation time in autumn and winter is 30 days; after the stacking fermentation is finished, spreading the fermentation product, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 15%, and then crushing to 40 meshes to obtain the organic fertilizer for cultivating the sealwort;
and 5: uniformly mixing organic fertilizer for cultivating rhizoma polygonati and surface soil under the phyllostachys pubescens forest according to the mass ratio of 2:9, and standing for 10 days to obtain matrix soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
step 6: excavating a trench with the depth of 30cm and the width of 50cm on the ground surface of the gap of the moso bamboo, wherein the distance between the bottom surface of the trench and the root system of the moso bamboo is 15 cm; naturally airing for 10d after excavation; then filling the trench with substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
and 7: in spring, sowing seeds or stem segments of polygonatum sibiricum with terminal buds uniformly in matrix soil for polygonatum sibiricum cultivation according to the plant spacing of 20 cm; emergence of seedlings 21d after sowing; arranging an insect pheromone trapper at intervals of 30 meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction in the cultivation field; erecting an insect catching lamp every 15 meters along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction; and (3) topdressing once every year in spring from the next year of sowing the polygonatum, wherein the fertilizer is organic fertilizer for cultivating the polygonatum and is uniformly spread by 5.0 tons per mu of polygonatum planting area.
The preferred embodiment is: in the step 1, the technological parameters of the steam explosion treatment are as follows: the water-material ratio is 1:10, the pressure maintaining time is 15min, and the steam pressure is 2.5 MPa.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof in any way, and any modifications or variations thereof that fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A method for compound cultivation of rhizoma polygonati in a perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing the moso bamboo cutting waste into particles with the particle size of 3-6mm, and soaking the moso bamboo cutting waste particles in water for 24-48 h; taking out the soaked moso bamboo felling waste particles, then carrying out steam explosion treatment, and collecting the moso bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion;
step 2: crushing bamboo shoot deep processing waste into particles with the particle size of 3-6mm, adding the bamboo shoot deep processing waste particles into a double-screw extruder, controlling the temperature of a feeding area to be 75-85 ℃, the temperature of a transition area to be 100-;
and step 3: mixing the bamboo felling waste particles subjected to steam explosion, the extruded materials and the edible woody fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 1-5:1-2:1-2, uniformly stirring, stacking, placing, stacking and fermenting for 15-30d, and collecting to obtain a mixed fermentation product of the edible woody fungus chaff;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts by weight of mixed fermentation products of edible woody fungi bran, 15-30 parts by weight of fishpond sludge, 10-15 parts by weight of animal manure and 0.5-1.0 part by weight of plant ash, piling the mixture, and stacking for fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in spring and summer is not 10-20 days, and the fermentation time in autumn and winter is 20-30 days; spreading the fermentation product after the stacking fermentation is finished, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 15%, and then crushing to 20-40 meshes to obtain the organic fertilizer for cultivating the sealwort;
and 5: uniformly mixing organic fertilizer for cultivating rhizoma polygonati and surface soil below the phyllostachys pubescens forest according to the mass ratio of 1-2:5-10, and standing for 7-10 days to obtain substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
step 6: digging a trench with the depth of 20-30cm and the width of 30-50cm on the ground surface of the gap of the moso bamboo, wherein the distance between the bottom surface of the trench and the root system of the moso bamboo is 5-15 cm; naturally airing for 5-10 days after excavation; then filling the trench with substrate soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati;
and 7: in spring, sowing seeds or stem segments of rhizoma polygonati with terminal buds uniformly in the matrix soil for cultivating rhizoma polygonati at a plant spacing of 10-20 cm; seedling emergence 14-21 days after sowing; arranging an insect pheromone trapper at intervals of 25-30 meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction in the cultivation field; erecting an insect catching lamp at intervals of 10-15 meters along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction; and (3) topdressing once every year in spring from the next year of sowing the polygonatum, wherein the fertilizer is organic fertilizer for cultivating the polygonatum and is uniformly spread by 2.5-5.0 tons per mu of polygonatum planting area.
2. The method for compound cultivation of polygonatum sibiricum in perennial phyllostachys pubescens forest according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the technological parameters of the steam explosion treatment are as follows: the water-material ratio is 1:5-10, the pressure maintaining time is 10-15min, and the steam pressure is 2.0-2.5 MPa.
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| CN111528021A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-14 | 青阳县三三富林中药材有限责任公司 | Combined fertilization method for improving polysaccharide content in polygonatum sibiricum |
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