CN112005798A - Annual system treatment method for growth obstacle of specific leaf color type tea tree variety in juvenile period - Google Patents

Annual system treatment method for growth obstacle of specific leaf color type tea tree variety in juvenile period Download PDF

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CN112005798A
CN112005798A CN202010969905.5A CN202010969905A CN112005798A CN 112005798 A CN112005798 A CN 112005798A CN 202010969905 A CN202010969905 A CN 202010969905A CN 112005798 A CN112005798 A CN 112005798A
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tea
leaf
leaves
tea tree
summer
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陈瑶
杨文�
刘惠芳
周玉锋
孟泽洪
李帅
雷志伟
高秀兵
张金锋
周雪
吕军
余璐
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Guizhou tea research institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/14—Insects

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Abstract

The invention discloses a yearly systematic treatment method for growth obstacle of a specific leaf color type tea tree variety in the juvenile period, which comprises the following steps: turning green at the end stage of spring tea: trimming leaves with specific leaf color at the late stage of spring tea, applying additional fertilizer, and applying growth regulating substances and/or shading at the leaf stage of new buds; insect prevention, bud protection and leaf protection in summer and autumn: spraying an insect-resist agent when the tea tree new buds grow to one bud and one leaf after the tea is pruned at the late stage of spring tea; heat and disease prevention and leaf protection in summer and autumn: spraying biological agents in summer to prevent heat and diseases and protect leaves; freezing prevention, branch and leaf preservation in winter: the antifreeze agent is applied in winter to increase the frost resistance of the tea trees. The invention implements integration innovative technologies of different technologies in seasons of the year, and has simple technology and easy operation; the series of technologies have good treatment effect on the problem of growth obstacle in the 2 nd to 4 th young age after planting of the tea tree varieties with specific leaf colors, and particularly show that the color of new leaves turns green completely, branches and leaves grow healthily and rapidly in summer and autumn, the height of the branches and leaves can reach 15-30cm, the phenomenon of freeze injury and withering in winter is less, and the yield standard can be reached in the fourth year after planting.

Description

Annual system treatment method for growth obstacle of specific leaf color type tea tree variety in juvenile period
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an annual system treatment method for growth obstacle of a specific leaf color type tea tree variety in the young period.
Background
Tea is a natural beverage with multiple nutritional ingredients and health-care function next to water in the world. China is a world large country for tea tree planting, tea production and tea export, and the area of tea gardens and the tea yield all live in the world at present. Along with the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the demand of people for tea is also increasing year by year. The specific leaf color type tea tree varieties such as white leaf No. 1, golden bud, milk white tea and the like have unique leaf color characters, are rare variant green tea varieties and are mainly bred by tea tree breeding workers in the river and Zhejiang provinces. The tea made from the tea tree species has the advantages of specific leaf color, high amino acid content, low tea polyphenol content and the like, and is well received by consumers.
After the variant green tea variety is planted in the field, the problem of growth obstacle in the young period, which is slow in growth and can not be put into production for a long time, exists according to the conventional management technology. The main performance of the method is from the second year after transplantation and survival, and after the spring tea is finished, the color of the leaves cannot normally turn green due to the hindered synthesis of chlorophyll of the leaves, and the leaves are thin; with the rise of seasonal temperature, the illumination intensity is increased, a large number of leaves with specific leaf colors are scorched, then the leaves are scorched, then the anthracnose is infected, then the leaves fall off, and new shoots without leaves appear; in summer, new bud leaves at the top end of tea branches are easily damaged by thrips and lesser leafhopper, and adults hatched by aleyrodids which are hidden in lower leaves are also transferred to upper new leaves to be damaged; at the end of autumn, a large number of leaf-free bare branches and young twigs appear in the tea garden, and the leaf-free bare branches and the young twigs die from top to bottom under the influence of low-temperature freezing weather in winter; after the whole year, the growth of the tea trees is blocked and the tea trees are difficult to put into production normally, even the tea trees cannot be put into production after being planted for 6 to 8 years, and tea enterprises of tea farmers are seriously damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a yearly systematic treatment method for the growth obstacle of the specific leaf color type tea tree variety in the young period.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an annual system treatment method for growth obstacle of a specific leaf color type tea tree variety in the juvenile period is characterized by comprising the following steps:
turning green at the end stage of spring tea: trimming leaves with specific leaf color at the late stage of spring tea, applying additional fertilizer, and applying growth regulating substances and/or shading at the leaf stage of new buds;
insect prevention, bud protection and leaf protection in summer and autumn: spraying an insect-resist agent when the tea tree new buds grow to one bud and one leaf after the tea is pruned at the late stage of spring tea;
heat and disease prevention and leaf protection in summer and autumn: spraying biological agents in summer to prevent heat and diseases and protect leaves;
freezing prevention, branch and leaf preservation in winter: the antifreeze agent is applied in winter to increase the frost resistance of the tea trees.
Preferably, the trimming is performed from the second year after planting the specific leaf color type tea variety, the time is controlled from the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months every year, and the standard of trimming is to trim the specific leaf color leaves above the green leaves.
Preferably, theThe fertilizer efficiency indexes of the top dressing are as follows: n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 25 percent, and organic matter is more than or equal to 15 percent; and formulated and produced based on the technology of the issued patent (201710259371.5).
Preferably, after the pruning is finished, ditching and topdressing are carried out, wherein the application rate in the second year after topdressing is 40 kg/mu, and the application rate in the third and later years after planting is 80 kg/mu.
Preferably, the growth regulating substance comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of extracting solution, 30-45 parts of esterified vegetable oil, 25-35 parts of 40% tea saponin solution and 15-20 parts of emulsifier;
the extracting solution is obtained by carrying out ultrasonic extraction on natural bee wax and esterified vegetable oil according to the mass ratio of 1:9 at 80 ℃;
when the growth regulating substance is applied, the growth regulating substance is diluted by 1000-2000 times of liquid and then sprayed.
Preferably, the shading is performed by using a shade until 10 middle days before 6 months. The shade can be a plant which is higher than tea trees and is planted in a tea garden, and can also be various sunshade nets; the implementation time is that after 3 technical measures of pruning at the late stage of spring tea, applying special additional fertilizer and applying natural source growth regulating substances at the leaf stage of new buds are implemented, the shading effect is formed before the last 6 months to 10 middle days. Shading can be performed according to varieties, for example, the variety of white leaf No. 1 and the variety of milk white tea can be selectively subjected to shading technology, and the variety of golden bud tea is necessary to be subjected to shading technology.
Preferably, the insect-preventing, bud-protecting and leaf-protecting in summer and autumn comprises: spraying a pesticide of 24 percent chlorfenapyr suspending agent to prevent and control thrips and lesser leafhoppers when the tea tree new buds grow to one bud and one leaf after the tea tree is pruned in the late stage of spring tea; and spraying the plant essential oil preparation in the early 4 months, late 6 months and middle 8 months to prevent and control the adult aleurodes vaporariorum.
Preferably, the heat and disease preventing and protecting leaves for summer and autumn comprise: spraying biological agents twice, namely spraying 300-500 times of 5% polyoxin aqueous solution and 500 times of 5% oligosaccharin aqueous solution for the first time in late 6 months; in the last 7 th month, 300-500 times of 3% Zhongshengmycin aqua and 2000 times of 0.01% brassinolide emulsifiable solution are sprayed for the second time.
Preferably, the antifreeze agent is prepared by weighing and taking 20-30% of tea saponin, 5-10% of winter clear oil, 10-15% of tea polyphenol, 0.0025% of 28 epi-high brassinolide, 10-15% of emulsifier and the balance of 95% ethanol according to mass percentage; and in the last 10 th to the last 11 th, the antifreeze agent is sprayed after being diluted by 500 times of the solution.
Preferably, the specific leaf color type tea tree variety is at least one of white leaf No. 1, golden bud and milky white tea, and the juvenile stage of the specific leaf color type tea tree variety is from 2 th to 4 th years after planting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) after the method is adopted, the leaf color of the new leaves of the tea trees in summer turns green completely 2-4 years after the tea trees with specific leaf colors are planted, and the new buds and leaves of the spring tea in the next year are still the unique intrinsic leaf color of the varieties.
(2) By adopting the method, the new bud and leaf of the tea tree are not damaged by diseases and insect pests, the branches and leaves grow healthily and rapidly in summer and autumn, and the height of the branches and leaves can reach 15-30 cm.
(3) After the method is adopted, the freezing resistance of the tea trees is enhanced in winter, and the phenomenon of withering and death of branches caused by freezing in winter is less.
(4) Compared with the conventional planting management technology which can not be put into production after 6-8 years, the method of the invention can reach the production standard in the fourth year after planting.
(5) The invention provides a zero chemical bactericide prevention and control scheme for diseases of specific leaf color tea tree varieties, provides a prevention and control scheme for main pests of the specific leaf color tea tree varieties to reach European Union standards, provides a natural source growth regulator and an antifreeze for tea trees, reduces the use of chemical pesticides, and ensures the quality safety of tea; provides a brand new method for the high-efficiency and safe treatment of the growth obstacle of the specific leaf color type tea tree varieties in the juvenile period, and has important application prospect and market potential.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: extraction of 10% natural bee wax extract
In this example, a detailed method for extracting 10% natural bee wax extract is described, comprising the following steps:
adding 1kg of natural bee wax into 4.5kg of methyl esterified soybean oil, carrying out ultrasonic extraction in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1h, and filtering; adding the filter residue into 4.5kg methyl esterified soybean oil, performing ultrasonic extraction in 80 deg.C water bath for 1 hr, and filtering; mixing the two filtrates, and adding methyl esterified soybean oil to 10kg to obtain 10% natural Mel Cera flava extractive solution.
Example 2: preparation of natural honey bee wax growth regulating substance
In this example, the preparation of 3 natural honey beeswax growth regulators is described in detail, and the contents of each component are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 quality percentage of each component of three natural bee wax growth regulators
Figure 604672DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The solvent of the 40% tea saponin solution referred to in table 1 was 95% ethanol; the emulsifier is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, polyalcohol fatty acid ester and ethylene oxide addition product thereof, sulfonate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (mass ratio is 3:2:2: 3), and the esterified vegetable oil is methyl-esterified soybean oil.
The preparation method of the S1-S3 preparation is as follows:
respectively taking 350g, 300g and 250g of 40% tea saponin solution, adding 300g of esterified vegetable oil, respectively adding an emulsifier according to the proportion, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 10% of natural honey beeswax extract according to the proportion, and finally adding the rest esterified vegetable oil, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain 1kg of S1-S3 preparations.
Example 3: preparation of tea tree antifreeze agent
In this example, the preparation of 3 tea tree antifreeze agents is described in detail, the mass percentages of the components being shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 weight percentages of the three components of tea tree antifreeze
Numbering Tea saponin content Content of winter boiled oil Tea polyphenols content Brassin content Emulsifier content 95% ethanol content
TD1 20 10 15 0.0025 15 Balance of
TD2 25 5 10 0.0025 10 Balance of
TD3 30 5 10 0.0025 10 Balance of
In Table 2, brassin is 28 epihyperbrassin lactone, and the emulsifier is alkylphenol ethoxylate, polyol fatty acid ester, ethylene oxide adduct thereof, and sulfonate (mass ratio is 3:3: 4).
The preparation method of the TD 1-TD 3 tea tree antifreeze agent is as follows:
weighing 200g, 250g and 300g of tea saponin respectively, adding into 350g of 95% ethanol, adding brassinolide, winter white oil and tea polyphenol respectively according to the proportion, stirring uniformly, then adding an emulsifier respectively according to the proportion, and finally adding the residual 95% ethanol and fully stirring uniformly to obtain 1kg of TD 1-TD 3 preparation.
Example 4: preparation of special organic-inorganic compound top dressing for special tea tree varieties with specific leaf colors
In this example, the preparation of the organic-inorganic compound top dressing for 3 varieties of tea trees with specific leaf colors is described in detail, and the raw materials and the amounts thereof required for preparing 1 ton of the special top dressing are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 preparation of 1 ton of raw materials and their dosages (kg)
Numbering Amount of urea The amount of ammonium sulfate used The amount of monoammonium phosphate Potassium sulfate dosage Amount of organic fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O
F1 150 275 185 173 217 15:5:5
F2 160 275 148 210 207 15:4:6
F3 170 275 111 242 202 15:3:7
The organic fertilizer is prepared according to the preparation technology of the self-granted invention patent (201710259371.5).
The preparation and production methods of the special fertilizers for F1-F3 are carried out according to the technology disclosed in the patent No. 201710259371.5.
Example 5: application effect on white leaf No. 1 and golden bud
In this example, the treatment effect of the present invention on growth disorders of white leaf No. 1 and golden bud at the young stage is described in detail, and the technical measures to be implemented and the corresponding time are shown in Table 4.
The test method comprises the following steps: the special top dressing used in table 4 was F2 in example 4, the growth regulator was S3 in example 2, and the antifreeze agent was TD 3. The white leaf No. 1 and the golden bud are both planted in 2016 and 11 months, and the implementation time of the technology is 2019. The technical time difference of the two tea tree varieties is before the last stage of 8 ten days; after the end of 8 ten days, the correlation technique is implemented on the same day. The main differences are as follows:
TABLE 4 two technical measures for treating growth disorder of tea tree in young stage and corresponding time
Figure 256233DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The time for trimming the white leaves No. 1 and applying special topdressing (80 kg/mu) is in the last ten days of 5 months, and the golden buds are in the last period of the middle ten days of 5 months; the method comprises the following steps of simultaneously applying 1500 times of a growth regulator S3 and 1000 times of a 24% chlorfenapyr suspending agent to the white leaf No. 1 in late 5 th month, wherein the golden bud is in the terminal 6 th month; no. 1 Baiye is not subjected to shading technology, and the shading time of golden buds is from late 6 to middle 10.
The two tea tree varieties are set with no implementation technology as a blank control CK, and the top dressing technology and the insect prevention and disease prevention technology are implemented as a conventional control CF.
The main observation indexes are as follows: the color of the leaves of the new buds turns green, the growth height of the new tea branches at the end of autumn, the branch withering rate in winter and the green yield of the tea leaves of the next spring tea bud.
The implementation effect is as follows: the comparison of the effects of the main observation indexes after the two tea trees are subjected to the whole technology of the invention in 2019 is shown in the table 5. After the implementation of all the technologies of the invention, the leaf colors of two new tea tree leaves in the middle of 8 months turn green, and the leaf colors of the two new tea tree leaves treated by contrast do not turn green; the highest height of the new tea branches of two tea trees at the end of autumn is higher than that of the blank control CK by more than 50 percent and higher than that of the conventional control CF by more than 35 percent; the withered shoot rate of the two tea plants in winter is 0, and the withered shoot rate of the tea plants in the blank control CK and the conventional control CF is more than 90 percent; the yield of the tea leaves of the spring tea of the two tea trees in the next year is obviously higher than that of a blank control CK and a conventional control CF.
TABLE 5 two technical measures for treating growth obstacle of tea tree in young stage
Figure 832708DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The core of the invention is an integrated innovative technology for implementing different technologies seasonally all the year round, and the technology is simple and easy to operate; the processing technology of the growth regulating substance, the additional fertilizer and the antifreeze agent is simple, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production; the related commercialized medicines are easy to purchase. The series of technologies of the invention have good treatment effect on the growth obstacle of the tea tree variety with specific leaf color in the juvenile period, and particularly show that the color of new leaves turns green completely, branches and leaves grow healthily and rapidly in summer and autumn, the height of the branches and leaves can reach 15-30cm, the phenomenon of freeze injury and death in winter is less, and the fourth year after planting can reach the production standard.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. An annual system treatment method for growth obstacle of a specific leaf color type tea tree variety in the juvenile period is characterized by comprising the following steps:
turning green at the end stage of spring tea: trimming leaves with specific leaf color at the late stage of spring tea, applying additional fertilizer, and applying growth regulating substances and/or shading at the leaf stage of new buds;
insect prevention, bud protection and leaf protection in summer and autumn: spraying an insect-resist agent when the tea tree new buds grow to one bud and one leaf after the tea is pruned at the late stage of spring tea;
heat and disease prevention and leaf protection in summer and autumn: spraying biological agents in summer to prevent heat and diseases and protect leaves;
freezing prevention, branch and leaf preservation in winter: the antifreeze agent is applied in winter to increase the frost resistance of the tea trees.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pruning of the specific leaf-color leaves is performed from the second year after the planting of the specific leaf-color tea tree variety, and is performed from the last ten days of 5 to 6 months per year, and the pruning is performed on the basis of pruning the specific leaf-color leaves above the green leaves.
3. The method for the systemic treatment of the juvenile-stage growth failure of the specific leaf-color tea tree variety according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer efficiency index of the additional fertilizer is as follows: n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 25 percent, and organic matter is more than or equal to 15 percent.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the topdressing is applied in furrowing after the pruning is completed, the application rate in the second year after the topdressing is 40 kg/mu, and the application rate in the third and subsequent years after the planting is 80 kg/mu.
5. The method for the systemic treatment of the juvenile-stage growth disorder of specific leaf-color tea tree species according to claim 1, wherein the growth regulating substance comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of extracting solution, 30-45 parts of esterified vegetable oil, 25-35 parts of 40% tea saponin solution and 15-20 parts of emulsifier;
the extracting solution is obtained by carrying out ultrasonic extraction on natural bee wax and esterified vegetable oil according to the mass ratio of 1:9 at 80 ℃;
when the growth regulating substance is applied, the growth regulating substance is diluted by 1000-2000 times of liquid and then sprayed.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the shading is performed by using a shade before the next 6 months to 10 middle days.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the insect and bud protection and leaf protection in summer and autumn comprises: spraying a pesticide of 24 percent chlorfenapyr suspending agent to prevent and control thrips and lesser leafhoppers when the tea tree new buds grow to one bud and one leaf after the tea tree is pruned in the late stage of spring tea; and spraying the plant essential oil preparation in the early 4 months, late 6 months and middle 8 months to prevent and control the adult aleurodes vaporariorum.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the heat and disease prevention and leaf protection in summer and autumn comprises: spraying biological agents twice, namely spraying 300-500 times of 5% polyoxin aqueous solution and 500 times of 5% oligosaccharin aqueous solution for the first time in late 6 months; in the last 7 th month, 300-500 times of 3% Zhongshengmycin aqua and 2000 times of 0.01% brassinolide emulsifiable solution are sprayed for the second time.
9. The method for the annual system management of the growth disturbance of the specific leaf color tea tree variety in the young period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antifreeze agent is prepared by weighing and taking 20-30% of tea saponin, 5-10% of winter white oil, 10-15% of tea polyphenol, 0.0025% of 28 epi-high brassinolide, 10-15% of emulsifier and the balance of 95% ethanol according to the mass percentage; and in the last 10 th to the last 11 th, the antifreeze agent is sprayed after being diluted by 500 times of the solution.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the specific tea species is at least one of white tea 1, golden bud and milky tea, and the specific tea species is grown in the juvenile stage from 2 to 4 years after planting.
CN202010969905.5A 2020-09-15 2020-09-15 Annual system treatment method for growth obstacle of specific leaf color type tea tree variety in juvenile period Pending CN112005798A (en)

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Application publication date: 20201201