CN112005417A - 锂离子二次电池 - Google Patents
锂离子二次电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112005417A CN112005417A CN201980026215.1A CN201980026215A CN112005417A CN 112005417 A CN112005417 A CN 112005417A CN 201980026215 A CN201980026215 A CN 201980026215A CN 112005417 A CN112005417 A CN 112005417A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- active material
- electrode active
- compound
- sulfur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 aromatic ring compound Chemical class 0.000 description 77
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 39
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 9
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013426 LiN(SO2F)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical class [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005968 1-Decanol Substances 0.000 description 2
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJMDCOVWQOJGCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminopentanoic acid Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCCC([O-])=O JJMDCOVWQOJGCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWXNEBSQRIECMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acromelic acid A Natural products OC(=O)CC1C(NCC1C1=CC=C(NC1=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O CWXNEBSQRIECMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWNKSTSCBHKHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl RWNKSTSCBHKHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002993 LiMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000668 LiMnPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013084 LiNiPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DATAGRPVKZEWHA-YFKPBYRVSA-N N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine Chemical compound CCNC(=O)CC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O DATAGRPVKZEWHA-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ornithine Chemical compound NCCCC(N)C(O)=O AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTHMUJMQOXQYBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tricholominsaeure Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C1CC(=O)NO1 NTHMUJMQOXQYBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu]=O.[Li] Chemical class [Cu]=O.[Li] QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical class [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical class [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930183027 acromelic acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-alanine Chemical compound NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadaverine Chemical compound NCCCCCN VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- DDXROPFGVVLFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) tricarbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Co+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.[Ni+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.C([O-])([O-])=O DDXROPFGVVLFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=O KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M isocaproate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC([O-])=O FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isobutyrate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)C BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GBROPGWFBFCKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N picene Chemical compound C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C=C2 GBROPGWFBFCKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTHMUJMQOXQYBR-OKKQSCSOSA-N tricholomic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H]1CC(=O)NO1 NTHMUJMQOXQYBR-OKKQSCSOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-VKHMYHEASA-N (S)-methylsuccinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC(O)=O WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KURIPTHAZOPONO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COCCOCC(F)(F)F KURIPTHAZOPONO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHIKTEOLOIVDKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COCCOCCOCC(F)(F)F UHIKTEOLOIVDKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSXNZIYETGBUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC(C)COCC(F)(F)F LSXNZIYETGBUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMAVQHAYKJLPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(trifluoromethoxy)ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OCCOC(F)(F)F TVMAVQHAYKJLPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSLXRDJMYHNCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxycarbonyloxypropan-2-yl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC(C)OC(=O)OCC NSLXRDJMYHNCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCCJWMQESHLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylsulfinylpropane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)CCC BQCCJWMQESHLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEXYCADTAFPULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)CCC JEXYCADTAFPULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJMUYABFXCIYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-phosphole Chemical compound C=1C=CPC=1 DJMUYABFXCIYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPJNWCKZTZRJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetramethylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1(C)CCS(=O)(=O)C1(C)C ILPJNWCKZTZRJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUAXHMVRKOTJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2-dimethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O VUAXHMVRKOTJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSEWAUGPAQPMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)C=C1 CSEWAUGPAQPMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCC1CO1 WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CO1 NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOMLQXFMDFZAAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCCOC(=O)OC DOMLQXFMDFZAAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAMHBRRZYSORSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1CO1 AAMHBRRZYSORSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEMGYNNCNNODNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1N HEMGYNNCNNODNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOUFYAQSTVWOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CS(=O)(=O)CC1C XOUFYAQSTVWOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIWBGPFHCBCIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(bromomethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound BrCC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 WIWBGPFHCBCIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFDUHJPVQKIXHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 XFDUHJPVQKIXHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQENBVCXBPWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CCC1=CCS(=O)(=O)C1 LQENBVCXBPWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNPMZQXEPNWCMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-aminoethyl)aniline Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 LNPMZQXEPNWCMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFWYZZPDZZGSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(aminomethyl)aniline Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BFWYZZPDZZGSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXOHKMNWMKZMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminohydrocinnamic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(CCC(O)=O)C=C1 WXOHKMNWMKZMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVDQEUFSGODEBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCOC(=O)O1 OVDQEUFSGODEBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZYGIFGDNSLOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1CS(CC1CC1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)=O Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1CS(CC1CC1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)=O OZYGIFGDNSLOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLSVVMPLPMNWBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydro-5-propyl-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CCCC1CCC(=O)O1 VLSVVMPLPMNWBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl sulfoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019271 La0.55Li0.35TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910009748 Li1.1Mn1.85Al0.05O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003405 Li10GeP2S12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011152 Li2BO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002983 Li2MnO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010103 Li2MnO3—LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007404 Li2Ti3O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007848 Li2TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013936 Li3.25P0.95S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012453 Li3Fe2(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002986 Li4Ti5O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010488 Li4TiO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010551 Li4XO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011525 Li4−2yZnyGeO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011548 Li4−3yAlySiO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010227 LiAlF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010092 LiAlO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013098 LiBF2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011279 LiCoPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010521 LiFe3O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010695 LiFeP2O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010951 LiH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001305 LiMPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014297 LiMn1.8Al0.2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013383 LiN(SO2C3F7)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012752 LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011715 LiNi0.80 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011456 LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012265 LiPO2F2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012567 LiSiF5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012616 LiTi2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012672 LiTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012970 LiV3O8 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910016483 Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroanthracene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1 XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003092 TiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOJZLMMAVKKSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P]=S.[Li] Chemical compound [P]=S.[Li] ZOJZLMMAVKKSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052977 alkali metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005011 alkyl ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004050 aminobenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005415 aminobenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCC DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Co+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCS(=O)CC CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)C JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZFRNCSOCOPNDB-AJKFJWDBSA-N domoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C(/C)[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H]1CC(O)=O VZFRNCSOCOPNDB-AJKFJWDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZFRNCSOCOPNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N domoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)C=CC=C(C)C1CNC(C(O)=O)C1CC(O)=O VZFRNCSOCOPNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCOC IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmalonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPBFYZQJXZJBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-octalactone Chemical compound CCCCC1CCC(=O)O1 IPBFYZQJXZJBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004554 glutamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGAZZOYFWWSOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-3-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CC NGAZZOYFWWSOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanal Chemical compound CCCCCCC=O FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C(C)C WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZFRNCSOCOPNDB-OXYNIABMSA-N isodomoic acid D Natural products CC(C=C/C=C(/C)C1CNC(C1CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O VZFRNCSOCOPNDB-OXYNIABMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BECVLEVEVXAFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-K manganese(3+);phosphate Chemical class [Mn+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O BECVLEVEVXAFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SCVOEYLBXCPATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SCVOEYLBXCPATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010303 mechanochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylmalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C(O)=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K nickel(3+);phosphate Chemical class [Ni+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FFFHXSGSMLTXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC(C)(C)C FFFHXSGSMLTXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229940026510 theanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[3-(1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilol-1-yl)propyl]azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si]1(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/604—Polymers containing aliphatic main chain polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的课题在与提供一种倍率特性优良、即使反复高速充放电、充放电容量的下降也少的锂离子二次电池。本发明的锂离子二次电池具有:含正极活性物质的正极、含负极活性物质的负极及非水电解质。正极活性物质为锂过渡金属氧化物及含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物。负极活性物质为有机硫系电极活性物质。优选锂过渡金属氧化物为锂钴系氧化物或锂镍系氧化物。优选正极活性物质中所含的磷的摩尔数相对于过渡金属的总摩尔数的比为0.0001~0.2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有含正极活性物质的正极、含负极活性物质的负极及非水电解质的锂离子二次电池。
背景技术
锂离子二次电池由于其小型、轻量、且能量密度高、高容量、能反复充放电,而被广泛用作便携用个人电脑、手提式摄像机、信息终端等便携电子设备的电源。另外,从环境问题的观点考虑,正在进行使用了非水电解质二次电池的电动汽车、或在部分动力中利用了电力的混合动力车的实用化。
由于非水电解质二次电池的特性依赖于作为其构成部件的电极、隔膜、电解质等,因此盛行进行各构成部件的研究开发。在电极中,与粘结剂、集电体等一样,电极活性物质也是重要的,因此也盛行进行电极活性物质的研究开发。
通过在非氧化性气氛下对有机化合物与硫的混合物进行热处理而得到的有机硫系电极活性物质,作为具有大的充放电容量、伴随着反复充放电的充放电容量下降小的电极活性物质而被已知(例如,参照专利文献1~12)。研究了将有机硫系电极活性物质作为正极活性物质,也研究了以锂锰系复合氧化物为正极活性物质、以有机硫系电极活性物质为负极活性物质的锂离子二次电池(例如,参照专利文献9)。但是,在以锂锰系复合氧化物为正极活性物质、以有机硫系电极活性物质为负极活性物质的锂离子二次电池中,倍率特性不充分,存在反复高速充放电时充放电容量下降的问题。例如,在汽车用途的二次电池中,要求不仅能在短时间内充电,而且由于为了在出发时能快速加速而临时需要大电流,因此需要倍率特性优良的二次电池。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-151550号公报
专利文献2:US8940436
专利文献3:日本特开2011-028948号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2011-170991号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2012-099342号公报
专利文献6:日本特开2012-150933号公报
专利文献7:日本特开2012-150934号公报
专利文献8:WO2012/114651号
专利文献9:US2014134485
专利文献10:US10008722
专利文献11:US2018072665
专利文献12:US2018065927
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种倍率特性优良、即使反复高速充放电、充放电容量的下降也小的锂离子二次电池。
本发明的发明人对上述问题进行深入研究的结果发现,在正极活性物质为锂过渡金属氧化物、负极活性物质为有机硫系电极活性物质的锂离子二次电池中,通过作为正极活性物质并用含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物,能够解决上述问题,从而完成本发明。
即,本发明涉及一种锂离子二次电池,其具有:含正极活性物质的正极、含负极活性物质的负极及非水电解质,其特征在于,正极活性物质包含锂过渡金属氧化物及含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物,负极活性物质为有机硫系电极活性物质。
具体实施方式
本发明的锂离子二次电池具有:含正极活性物质的正极、含负极活性物质的负极及非水电解质。以下,对它们分别进行说明。
<负极>
在本发明中,使用有机硫系电极活性物质作为负极的负极活性物质。在本发明中,所谓的“有机硫系电极活性物质”是指,具有硫-碳键、能吸附及放出锂离子、能用作二次电池的电极活性物质的化合物。有机硫系电极活性物质为通过在非氧化性气氛下对有机化合物与硫的混合物进行热处理而得到的化合物,例如可列举出:硫改性聚丙烯腈、硫改性弹性体化合物、硫改性多核芳香环化合物、硫改性沥青化合物、聚并噻吩(polythienoacene)化合物、硫改性聚醚化合物、硫改性聚酰胺化合物、硫改性脂肪族烃氧化物、聚硫化碳等。
上述硫改性聚丙烯腈为在非氧化性气氛中对聚丙烯腈与单质硫进行加热处理而得到的化合物。聚丙烯腈可以为丙烯腈的均聚物,另外,也可以为丙烯腈与其他单体的共聚物。聚丙烯腈为共聚物时,由于丙烯腈的含量变低时电池性能会变差,因此共聚物中的丙烯腈的含量优选至少为90质量%以上。作为除丙烯腈以外的其他单体,例如可列举出:丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。
关于加热处理中的聚丙烯腈与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的聚丙烯腈,单质硫优选为100质量份~1500质量份,更优选为150质量份~1000质量份。加热处理的温度优选为250℃~550℃,更优选为350℃~450℃。由于未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如在加热处理后,通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从硫改性聚丙烯腈中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,硫改性聚丙烯腈中的硫含量优选为25~60质量%,更优选为30~55质量%。此外,有机硫系电极活性物质中的硫含量可以从使用了能分析硫及氧的CHN分析装置的分析结果计算出。
上述硫改性弹性体化合物为在非氧化性气氛中对橡胶与单质硫进行加热处理而得到的化合物。作为橡胶,例如可列举出:天然橡胶、异戊橡胶、丁二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶等。这些橡胶可以单独使用一种,也可以组合使用两种以上。作为原料的橡胶可以是硫化橡胶,也可以是硫化前的橡胶。
关于加热处理中的橡胶与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的橡胶,单质硫优选为100质量份~1500质量份,更优选为150质量份~1000质量份。进行加热处理时,可以添加一种以上的公知的硫化促进剂。硫化促进剂的添加量相对于100质量份的橡胶,优选为1质量份~250质量份,更优选为5质量份~50质量份。加热处理温度优选为250℃~550℃,更优选为300℃~450℃。由于未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从硫改性弹性体化合物中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,硫改性弹性体化合物中的硫含量优选为40~70质量%,更优选为45~60质量%。
上述硫改性多核芳香环化合物为在非氧化性气氛中对多核芳香环化合物与单质硫进行加热处理而得到的化合物。作为多核芳香环化合物,例如可列举出:萘、蒽、并四苯、并五苯、菲、苉、芘、苯并芘、苝、晕苯等苯系芳香环化合物。另外,可列举出:苯系芳香环化合物的一部分为五元环的芳香族环化合物、或者这些碳原子的一部分取代成硫、氧、氮等而得的含杂原子的芳香杂环化合物。而且,这些多核芳香环化合物也可以具有:碳原子数为1~12的链状或支链状烷基、烷氧基、羟基、羧基、氨基、氨基羰基、氨基硫基、巯基硫代羰基氨基、羧基烷基羰基等取代基。
多核芳香环化合物也可以为具有芳香族部位与链式烃部位的重复结构的化合物。作为具有芳香族部位与链式烃部位的重复结构的化合物中的芳香族部位,除了上述以外,还可以列举出:苯、吡咯烷、吡咯、吡啶、咪唑、吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃、三嗪、噻吩、噁唑、噻唑、噻二唑、三唑、磷杂环戊二烯、噻咯等,也可以为它们中的两种以上缩合而成的产物。另外,这些芳香族部位与环戊烷、环己烷、吡咯烷、四氢呋喃等也可以缩合。而且,这些芳香族部位也可以具有:碳原子数为1~12的链状或支链状烷基、烷氧基、羟基、羧基、氨基、氨基羰基、氨基硫基、巯基硫代羰基氨基、羧基烷基羰基等取代基。
作为具有芳香族部位与链式烃部位的重复结构的化合物的链式烃部位,可列举出:亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基等直链或支链式烃。作为链式烃部位的碳原子数,优选为2~20,更优选为3~10,进一步优选为4~8。从操作的容易性和价格方面考虑,优选亚烷基或亚烯基,其中,优选丁烷-1,4-二基、己烷-1,6-二基、辛烷-1,8-二基、亚乙烯基、1,3-丁二烯-1,4-二基及其结构异构体。
关于加热处理中的多核芳香环化合物与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的多核芳香环化合物,单质硫优选为100质量份~1500质量份,更优选为150质量份~1000质量份。加热处理的温度优选为250℃~550℃,更优选为300℃~450℃。由于未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从硫改性多核芳香环化合物中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,硫改性多核芳香环化合物中的硫含量优选为40~70质量%,更优选为45~60质量%。
上述硫改性沥青化合物为在非氧化性气氛中对沥青类与单质硫进行加热处理而得到的化合物。作为沥青类,可列举出:石油沥青、煤沥青、中间相沥青、柏油、煤焦油、煤焦油沥青、缩合多环芳香族烃化合物通过缩聚而得到的有机合成沥青、以及含杂原子的缩合多环芳香族烃化合物通过缩聚而得到的有机合成沥青等。沥青类为各种化合物的混合物,含有缩合多环芳香族。沥青类中所含的缩合多环芳香族有时为单一品种,有时为多种。该缩合多环芳香族在环中除了含有碳和氢以外,有时还含有氮或硫。因此,煤沥青的主要成分考虑为仅由碳和氢构成的缩合多环芳香族烃、与在缩合环中含有氮或硫等的芳香族杂环化合物的混合物。
关于加热处理中的沥青类与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的沥青类,单质硫优选为100质量份~1000质量份,更优选为150质量份~500质量份。加热处理的温度优选为300℃~500℃,更优选为350℃~500℃。未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从硫改性沥青化合物中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,硫改性沥青化合物中的硫含量优选为25~70质量%,更优选为30~60质量%。
上述聚并噻吩化合物为具有以下述通式(1)所示的含硫的聚并噻吩结构的化合物。
[化学式1]
(式中,*表示键合端。)
聚并噻吩化合物可以通过在非氧化性气氛中对聚乙烯等具有直链结构的脂肪族聚合物化合物、或聚噻吩等具有噻吩结构的聚合物化合物、与单质硫进行加热处理而得到。
在聚并噻吩化合物的原料中使用具有直链结构的脂肪族聚合物化合物时,关于脂肪族聚合物化合物与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的脂肪族聚合物化合物,单质硫优选为100质量份~2000质量份,更优选为150质量份~1000质量份。另外,在原料中使用具有噻吩结构的聚合物化合物时,关于具有噻吩结构的聚合物化合物与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的具有噻吩结构的聚合物化合物,单质硫优选为100质量份~1000质量份,更优选为150质量份~800质量份。加热处理的温度优选为300℃~600℃,更优选为350℃~500℃。由于未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从聚并噻吩化合物中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,聚并噻吩化合物中的硫含量优选为30~80质量%,更优选为40~70质量%。
上述硫改性聚醚化合物为在非氧化性气氛中对聚醚化合物与单质硫进行加热处理而得到的化合物。作为聚醚化合物,例如可列举出:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷共聚物、聚四亚甲基二醇等。关于聚醚化合物,末端可以为烷基醚基、烷基苯醚基、酰基,也可以为甘油、山梨糖醇等多元醇的环氧乙烷加合物。
关于加热处理中的聚醚化合物与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的聚醚化合物,单质硫优选为100质量份~1000质量份,更优选为200质量份~500质量份。加热处理的温度优选为250℃~500℃,更优选为300℃~450℃。由于未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从硫改性聚醚化合物中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,硫改性聚醚化合物中的硫含量优选为30~75质量%,更优选为40~70质量%。
上述硫改性聚酰胺化合物为具有来自具有酰胺键的聚合物的碳骨架的有机硫化合物,具体地,为在非氧化性气氛中对氨基羧酸化合物与单质硫、或多胺化合物与多羧酸化合物与单质硫进行加热处理而得到的化合物。
在本发明中,所谓的“氨基羧酸化合物”是指,在分子中具有一个氨基和至少一个羧基的化合物。作为氨基羧酸化合物,可列举出:3,4-二氨基安息香酸、3,5-二氨基安息香酸、对氨基安息香酸及间氨基安息香酸等氨基安息香酸、4-氨基苯乙酸、3-氨基苯乙酸、3-(4-氨基苯基)丙酸、3-氨基丙酸、4-氨基丁酸、5-氨基戊酸、2,5-二氨基戊酸;作为氨基酸类,可列举出:丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、茶氨酸、口蘑氨酸(tricholomic acid)、海人酸、软骨藻酸、鹅膏蕈氨酸、肢端酸(acromelic acid)等。
在本发明中,所谓的“多胺化合物”是指,分子中具有至少两个氨基的化合物。作为多胺化合物,例如可列举出:尿素、乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、腐胺、尸胺、六亚甲基二胺、邻苯二胺、间苯二胺、对苯二胺、4-氨基苯甲胺、4-氨基苯乙胺、三聚氰胺、1,2,4-三氨基苯、1,3,5-三氨基苯、苯并胍胺等。
在本发明中,所谓的“多羧酸化合物”是指,在分子中具有至少两个羧基的化合物。作为多羧酸化合物,例如有:对苯二甲酸、富马酸、酒石酸、马来酸、苯-1,3-二羧酸、苯二甲酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、乙二胺四乙酸等。另外,也可以为苯二甲酸酐、马来酸酐等酸酐。使用多胺化合物和多羧酸化合物来制备硫改性聚酰胺化合物时,多胺化合物与多羧酸化合物的比例以摩尔比计,优选为0.9~1.1。
关于加热处理中的氨基羧酸化合物与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的氨基羧酸化合物,单质硫优选为100质量份~500质量份,更优选为150质量份~400质量份。关于多胺化合物与多羧酸化合物与单质硫的比例,相对于多胺化合物与多羧酸化合物的总质量100质量份,单质硫优选为100质量份~500质量份,更优选为150质量份~400质量份。加热处理的温度优选为250℃~600℃,更优选为350℃~500℃。由于未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从硫改性聚酰胺化合物中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,硫改性聚酰胺化合物中的硫含量优选为40~70质量%,更优选为45~60质量%。
上述硫改性脂肪族烃氧化物为在非氧化性气氛中对脂肪族烃氧化物与单质硫进行加热处理而得到的化合物。在本发明中,所谓的“脂肪族烃氧化物”是指,具有脂肪族烃骨架、具有至少一个选自由羟基、羰基、羧基或环氧基组成的组中的基团的化合物,烃骨架也可以具有不饱和键。脂肪族烃氧化物中的脂肪族烃骨架可以为直链,也可以为支链,从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,优选为直链。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,脂肪族烃氧化物的碳原子数优选为4~12,更优选为6~10。从脂肪族烃氧化物中的氧原子通过与单质硫的加热处理而脱离的方面出发,脂肪族烃氧化物中,碳原子数相对于氧原子数的比优选为3以上,更优选为4以上。
作为优选的脂肪族烃氧化物,可列举出:1-丁醇、2-丁醇、1-戊醇、3-戊醇、1-己醇、1-庚醇、1-辛醇、1-壬醇、1-癸醇、1-丁醇、1-戊醇、1-己醇、1-庚醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、1-壬醇、1-癸醇等醇化合物;丁醛、戊醛、己醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛等醛化合物;甲乙酮、二乙酮、甲己酮等酮化合物;辛酸、壬酸、癸酸等羧酸化合物;1,2-环氧丁烷、1,2-环氧己烷、1,2-环氧辛烷、1,2-环氧癸烷等环氧化合物等。
关于加热处理中的脂肪族烃氧化物与单质硫的比例,相对于100质量份的脂肪族烃氧化物,单质硫优选为100质量份~1000质量份,更优选为200质量份~500质量份。加热处理的温度优选为300℃~500℃,更优选为350℃~450℃。加热处理的温度高于脂肪族烃氧化物的沸点时,优选一边回流一边制备脂肪族烃氧化物。由于未反应的单质硫成为使二次电池的循环特性下降的主要原因,因此,优选例如通过加热或溶剂洗涤等,从硫改性脂肪族烃氧化物中除去未反应的单质硫。从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,硫改性脂肪族烃氧化物中的硫含量优选为45~75质量%,更优选为50~70质量%。
上述聚硫化碳为用通式(CSX)n(x为0.5~2,n为4以上的数。)表示的化合物,例如,可以通过对使硫化钠等碱金属硫化物与单质硫的复合体与六氯丁二烯等卤化不饱和烃反应而成的前体进行加热处理而得到。加热处理的温度优选为320℃~400℃,从得到大的充放电容量的方面考虑,聚硫化碳化合物中的硫含量优选为65质量%~75质量%。
有机化合物与硫的加热处理在非氧化性气氛下进行时的“非氧化性气氛”是指,气相的氧浓度为5体积%以下、优选为2体积%以下、更优选实质上不含氧的气氛,例如可列举出:氮、氦、氩等不活泼性气体气氛、或硫气体气氛。
有机硫系电极活性物质的粒径以平均粒径计优选为0.5μm~100μm。在本发明中,所谓的“平均粒径”是指,利用激光衍射光散射法测定的50%粒径(D50)。粒径为体积基准的直径,在激光衍射光散射法中,测定二次粒子的直径。为了使有机硫系电极活性物质的平均粒径小于0.5μm,需要极大的劳力,但无法期望电池性能的进一步提高。另外,大于100μm时,有时候得不到平滑的电极合剂层。有机硫系电极活性物质的平均粒径更优选为1μm~50μm,进一步优选为1μm~30μm。
本发明中使用的负极可以根据公知的方法来制备。例如,通过将含有负极活性物质、粘合剂及导电助剂的配合物在有机溶剂或水中浆料化而成的电极合剂膏糊涂布于集电体并干燥,能够制备在集电体上形成有电极合剂层的负极。
作为导电助剂,可以使用作为电极的导电助剂而公知的导电助剂,具体地,可列举出:炭黑、科琴黑、乙炔黑、槽法炭黑、炉黑、灯黑、热裂法炭黑、碳纳米管、气相法碳纤维(Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber:VGCF)、石墨烯、富勒烯、针状焦等碳材料;铝粉、镍粉、钛粉等金属粉末;氧化锌、氧化钛等导电性金属氧化物;La2S3、Sm2S3、Ce2S3、TiS2等硫化物。导电助剂的平均粒径优选为0.0001μm~100μm,更优选为0.01μm~50μm。
电极合剂层中的导电助剂的含量优选为0.1~30质量%,更优选为1~20质量%,进一步优选为2~15质量%。
粘合剂可以使用作为电极的粘合剂而公知的粘合剂,例如可列举出:苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、丁二烯橡胶、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃橡胶、氟橡胶、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯橡胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醚、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、纤维素纳米纤维、聚环氧乙烷、淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯酸等。
关于粘合剂,为了对环境的负荷低而优选水系粘合剂,更优选苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸。粘合剂可以仅使用一种,也可以组合两种以上使用。电极合剂层中的粘合剂的含量优选为1质量%~30质量%,更优选为1质量%~20质量%。
作为用于制备浆料的溶剂,例如可列举出:碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸乙甲酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、乙腈、丙腈、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二噁烷、1,3-二氧杂戊环、硝基甲烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、甲乙酮、环己酮、乙酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、二乙基三胺、N,N-二甲氨基丙胺、聚环氧乙烷、四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、环丁砜、γ-丁内酯、水、醇等。溶剂的使用量,可以与浆料的涂布方法相应地进行调整,例如,采用刮片法时,优选为浆料的10质量%~80质量%,更优选为20质量%~70质量%。
浆料中除含有上述成分以外,还可以含有其他成分。作为其他成分,例如可列举出:粘度调节剂、增强材料、抗氧化剂、分散剂等。
作为集电体,可列举出:钛、钛合金、铝、铝合金、铜、镍、不锈钢、镀镍钢等导电材料。这些导电材料也可以表面被碳涂敷。其中,从导电性和价格的观点考虑,优选铝。作为集电体的形状,可列举出:箔状、板状、网眼状,优选箔状。采用箔状时,箔的厚度通常为1μm~100μm。
将浆料涂布于集电体的方法没有特别限定,可以使用模涂法、逗号涂布法、帘式涂布法、喷涂法、凹版式涂布法、柔版涂布法、刮刀涂布法、刮片法、逆辊法、刷涂法、浸渍法等各种方法。从与浆料的粘性等物性及干燥性相应、能获得良好的涂布层的表面状态的方面考虑,优选模涂法、刮片法、刮刀涂布法。涂布可以实施于集电体的单面,也可以实施于双面。涂布于集电体的双面时,可以一个单面一个单面地依次涂布,也可以双面同时涂布。另外,可以在集电体的表面连续涂布,也可以间歇涂布,还可以以条纹状涂布。涂布层的厚度、长度和宽度,根据电池的大小适当决定即可。
将涂布于集电体上的浆料干燥的方法没有特别限定,可以使用利用暖风、热风、低湿风进行的干燥、真空干燥、静置于加热炉等、远红外线、红外线、电子射线等的照射等各种方法。通过该干燥,溶剂等挥发性成分从浆料的涂膜中挥发掉,在集电体上形成电极合剂层。之后,也可以根据需要对电极进行冲压处理。作为冲压处理的方法,例如可列举出:模具冲压法、辊压法。
由于有机硫系电极活性物质具有初次不可逆容量,因此,以有机硫系电极活性物质为负极活性物质的负极可以事先进行吸附、放出锂的预掺杂处理。关于向负极预掺杂锂,可以根据公知的方法进行。例如可列举出:使用金属锂作为对电极来组装半电池、并电化学地掺杂锂的电解掺杂法;将金属锂箔粘贴于电极,放置于液体电解质中,利用锂向电极的扩散来进行掺杂的扩散掺杂法等。
<正极>
在本发明中,使用锂过渡金属氧化物及锂过渡金属磷酸化合物来作为正极的正极活性物质。通过将它们的组合用作正极活性物质、且将上述的有机硫化合物用作负极活性物质,能够得到倍率特性优良、即使反复高速充放电、充放电容量的下降也少的锂离子二次电池。
作为上述锂过渡金属氧化物,可列举出:锂钴系氧化物、锂镍系氧化物、锂锰系氧化物、锂铜氧化物、锂钒氧化物、锂铁氧化物等。
在本发明中,所谓的“锂钴系氧化物”是指以锂及钴作为构成金属元素的氧化物、以及除锂及钴以外还含有其他的一种或两种以上的金属元素、其他的金属元素的比例以原子数换算计为与钴同等或比钴少的比例的复合氧化物。含有两种以上的除锂及钴以外的金属元素、且其中一种金属的比例多于钴的情况不包含在锂钴系氧化物中。作为除锂及钴以外的金属元素,可列举出:镍、锰、铝、铬、铁、钒、镁、钒、钛、锆、铌、钼、钨、铜、锌、镓、铟、锡、镧、铈等。作为锂钴系氧化物,可列举出:LiCoO2、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、Li2MnO3-LiCoO2等。
所谓的“锂镍系氧化物”是指以锂及镍为构成金属元素的氧化物、以及除锂及镍以外还含有其他的一种或两种以上的金属元素、其他的金属元素的比例以原子数换算计为与镍同等或比镍少的比例的复合氧化物。含有两种以上的除锂及镍以外的金属元素、且其中一种金属的比例多于镍的情况及钴的比例与镍同等的情况不包含在锂镍系氧化物中。作为除锂及镍以外的金属元素,可列举出:钴、锰、铝、铬、铁、钒、镁、钒、钛、锆、铌、钼、钨、铜、锌、镓、铟、锡、镧、铈等。作为锂镍系氧化物,可列举出:LiNiO2、LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2、LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2、LiNi0.80Co0.17Al0.03O2、LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2、Li2MnO3-LiNiO2等。
所谓的“锂锰系氧化物”是指以锂及锰为构成金属元素的氧化物、以及除锂及锰以外还含有其他的一种或两种以上的金属元素、其他的金属元素的比例以原子数换算计为与锰同等或比锰少的比例的复合氧化物。含有两种以上的除锂及锰以外的金属元素、且其中一种金属的比例高于锰的情况、钴的比例与锰同等的情况及镍的比例与锰同等的情况不包含在锂锰系氧化物中。作为除锂及镍以外的金属元素,可列举出:钴、镍、铝、铬、铁、钒、镁、钒、钛、锆、铌、钼、钨、铜、锌、镓、铟、锡、镧、铈等。作为锂锰系氧化物,可列举出:LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、Li2MnO3、Li1.1Mn1.8Mg0.1O4、Li1.1Mn1.85Al0.05O4、LiMn1.8Al0.2O4、Li1.2Fe0.4Mn0.4O2、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、Li2MnO3-LiMnO2等。
作为锂铜氧化物,可列举出:Li2CuO2等。作为锂钒氧化物,可列举出:LiV3O8等。作为锂铁氧化物,可列举出:LiFe3O4等。
作为用作本发明的正极活性物质的锂过渡金属氧化物,优选锂钴系氧化物、锂镍系氧化物、锂锰系氧化物,更优选为锂钴系氧化物、锂镍系氧化物。
与锂过渡金属氧化物组合使用的上述含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物为含有锂及过渡金属的磷酸化合物。作为磷酸,例如可列举出:正磷酸(H3PO4)及焦磷酸(H4P2O7)。作为过渡金属,例如可列举出:Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn及Cd等。这些过渡金属可以单独使用一种或将两种以上组合使用。作为含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物,例如可列举出:LiFePO4、Li3Fe2(PO4)3、LiFeP2O7等含锂磷酸铁化合物;LiCOPO4等含锂磷酸钴化合物;LiMnPO4等含锂磷酸锰化合物;LiNiPO4等含锂磷酸镍化合物;或将这些锂过渡金属磷酸化合物的成为主体的过渡金属原子的一部分用镁、铝、硅、钙、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、镓、锶、锆、铌、钡等其他金属取代而成的化合物等。
本发明中使用的正极活性物质可以是将锂过渡金属氧化物粒子及含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物粒子配合而成的正极活性物质,也可以是锂过渡金属氧化物与含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物复合化而成的粒子。锂过渡金属氧化物与含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物复合化而成的粒子的情况下,可以为将它们以马塞克状复合化而成的粒子,也可以是任意一者被另一者包覆而成的粒子。在本发明中,优选锂过渡金属氧化物与含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物复合化而成的粒子,更优选锂过渡金属氧化物被含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物包覆而成的粒子。锂过渡金属氧化物可以被含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物完全包覆,锂过渡金属氧化物的一部分也可以露出。此时,锂过渡金属氧化物中所含的过渡金属的种类、与含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物中所含的过渡金属的种类可以相同,也可以不同。
锂过渡金属氧化物被含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物包覆而成的粒子可以使用公知的方法来制备。例如,可列举出:在锂过渡金属氧化物或其前体的粒子的表面附着磷酸盐粒子后进行烧成的方法;使锂过渡金属氧化物或其前体的粒子浸渍于磷酸盐或磷酸的溶液中后进行烧成的方法;使小粒径的含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物的粒子撞击大粒径的锂过渡金属氧化物的粒子,通过机械化学反应而包覆锂过渡金属氧化物的表面的方法等。在使磷酸盐的粒子附着于锂过渡金属氧化物或其前体的粒子的表面后进行烧成的方法、或使锂过渡金属氧化物或其前体的粒子浸渍于磷酸盐或磷酸的溶液中后进行烧成的方法中,在烧成的过程中形成含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物。作为用于含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物的磷酸盐,可列举出:NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、Li3PO4、LiH2PO4、FePO4、Zn3(PO4)2等。
在本发明中使用的正极活性物质中,含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物相对于锂过渡金属氧化物的比例过小时,得不到优良的倍率特性;过大时,充放电容量会下降,因此,本发明中使用的正极活性物质中所含的磷的摩尔数相对于过渡金属的总摩尔数的比优选为0.0001~0.2,更优选为0.0005~0.1,最优选为0.001~0.05。此外,可以说磷的摩尔数相对于过渡金属的总摩尔数的比越小,含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物相对于锂过渡金属氧化物的比例就越小;该摩尔比越大,含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物相对于锂过渡金属氧化物的比例就越大。
本发明中使用的正极可以通过在上述的负极的制备方法中将负极活性物质置换成锂过渡金属氧化物及含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物来制备。但是,由于本发明中使用的正极活性物质在水溶液中显示酸性,因此,作为浆料的溶剂,优选使用有机溶剂,粘合剂也优选使用溶剂系粘合剂。
<非水电解质>
作为本发明中使用的非水电解质,例如可列举出:将电解质溶解于有机溶剂中而得到的液体电解质;将电解质溶解于有机溶剂中、并利用高分子进行凝胶化而成的高分子凝胶电解质;不含有机溶剂、而是将电解质分散于高分子中而成的纯正高分子电解质;无机固体电解质等。
作为液体电解质及高分子凝胶电解质中使用的电解质,例如可以使用以往公知的锂盐,例如可列举出:LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiN(SO2F)2、LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiB(CF3SO3)4、LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2(C2O4)、LiSbF6、LiSiF5、LiSCN、LiClO4、LiCl、LiF、LiBr、LiI、LiAlF4、LiAlCl4、LiPO2F2以及它们的衍生物等,其中,优选使用选自由LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiN(SO2F)2、以及LiC(CF3SO2)3及LiCF3SO3的衍生物、以及LiC(CF3SO2)3的衍生物组成的组中一种以上。液体电解质及高分子凝胶电解质中的电解质的含量优选为0.5~7mol/L、更优选为0.8~1.8mol/L。
作为纯正高分子电解质中使用的电解质,例如可列举出:LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiN(SO2F)2、LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiB(CF3SO3)4、LiB(C2O4)2。
作为无机固体电解质,可列举出:Li1+xAxB2-y(PO4)3(A=Al、Ge、Sn、Hf、Zr、Sc、Y,B=Ti、Ge、Zn,0<x<0.5)、LiMPO4(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)、Li3PO4等磷酸系材料;Li3XO4(X=As、V)、Li3+xAxB1-xO4(A=Si、Ge、Ti,B=P、AS、V,0<x<0.6)、Li4+xAxSi1-xO4(A=B、Al、Ga、Cr、Fe,0<x<0.4)(A=Ni、Co,0<x<0.1)Li4-3yAlySiO4(0<y<0.06)、Li4-2yZnyGeO4(0<y<0.25)、LiAlO2、Li2BO4、Li4XO4(X=Si、Ge、Ti)、钛酸锂(LiTiO2、LiTi2O4、Li4TiO4、Li2TiO3、Li2Ti3O7、Li4Ti5O12)等锂复合氧化物;LiBr、LiF、LiCl、LiPF6、LiBF4等含有锂和卤素的化合物;LiPON、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、Li3N、LiN(SO2C3F7)2等含有锂和氮的化合物;La0.55Li0.35TiO3等具有锂离子传导性的钙钛矿结构的晶体;Li7-La3Zr2O13等具有石榴石型结构的晶体;50Li4SiO4·50Li3BO3等玻璃;Li10GeP2S12、Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4等锂·磷硫化物系的晶体、30Li2S·26B2S3·44LiI、63Li2S·36SiS2·1Li3PO4、57Li2S·38SiS2·5Li4SiO4、70Li2S·30GeS2、50Li2S·50GeS2等锂·磷硫化物系的玻璃;Li7P3S11、Li3.25P0.95S4、Li10GeP2S12、Li9.6P3S12、Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3等玻璃陶瓷等。
作为非水电解质的制备中使用的有机溶剂,可以使用非水电解质中通常使用的有机溶剂中的一种或组合使用两种以上。具体地,例如可列举出:饱和环状碳酸酯化合物、饱和环状酯化合物、亚砜化合物、砜化合物、酰胺化合物、饱和链状碳酸酯化合物、链状醚化合物、环状醚化合物、饱和链状酯化合物等。
上述有机溶剂中的饱和环状碳酸酯化合物、饱和环状酯化合物、亚砜化合物、砜化合物及酰胺化合物由于相对介电常数高而起到提高非水电解质的介电常数的作用,因此优选,特别优选饱和环状碳酸酯化合物。作为该饱和环状碳酸酯化合物,例如可列举出:碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸-1,2-亚丙酯、碳酸-1,3-亚丙酯、碳酸-1,2-亚丁酯、碳酸-1,3-亚丁酯、碳酸-1,1-二甲基亚乙酯等。作为上述饱和环状酯化合物,例如可列举出:γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、γ-己内酯、δ-庚内酯、δ-辛内酯等。作为上述亚砜化合物,例如可列举出:二甲亚砜、二乙亚砜、二丙亚砜、二苯基亚砜、噻吩等。作为上述砜化合物,例如可列举出:二甲基砜、二乙基砜、二丙基砜、二苯基砜、环丁砜(也称作四亚甲基砜)、3-甲基环丁砜、3,4-二甲基环丁砜、3,4-二苯基甲基环丁砜、环丁烯砜、3-甲基环丁烯砜、3-乙基环丁烯砜、3-溴甲基环丁烯砜等,优选环丁砜、四甲基环丁砜。作为上述酰胺化合物,可列举出:N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺等。
上述有机溶剂中的饱和链状碳酸酯化合物、链状醚化合物、环状醚化合物及饱和链状酯化合物能降低非水电解质的粘度,能提高电解质离子的移动性等,能使输出密度等电池特性优良。另外,从低粘度、能够提高低温下的非水电解质的性能的方面考虑,特别优选饱和链状碳酸酯化合物。作为饱和链状碳酸酯化合物,例如可列举出:碳酸二甲酯、碳酸乙甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸乙基丁酯、碳酸甲基叔丁酯、碳酸二异丙酯、碳酸叔丁基丙酯等。作为上述链状醚化合物或环状醚化合物,例如可列举出:二甲氧基乙烷、乙氧基甲氧基乙烷、二乙氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃、二氧杂戊环、二噁烷、1,2-双(甲氧基羰氧基)乙烷、1,2-双(乙氧基羰氧基)乙烷、1,2-双(乙氧基羰氧基)丙烷、乙二醇双(三氟乙基)醚、丙二醇双(三氟乙基)醚、乙二醇双(三氟甲基)醚、二乙二醇双(三氟乙基)醚等,其中,优选二氧杂戊环。
作为上述饱和链状酯化合物,优选分子中的碳原子数的总数为2~8的单酯化合物及二酯化合物,作为具体的化合物,例如可列举出:甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯、异丁酸甲酯、三甲基乙酸甲酯、三甲基乙酸乙酯、丙二酸甲酯、丙二酸乙酯、琥珀酸甲酯、琥珀酸乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、丙二醇二乙酸酯等,优选甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯及丙酸乙酯。
除此之外,作为用于制备非水电解质的有机溶剂,例如还可以使用:乙腈、丙腈、硝基甲烷或它们的衍生物、各种离子液体。
作为高分子凝胶电解质中使用的高分子,可列举出:聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚六氟丙烯等。作为纯正高分子电解质中使用的高分子,可列举出:聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷、聚苯乙烯磺酸。关于凝胶电解质中的配合比例、复合化的方法,没有特别限制,可以采用本技术领域中公知的配合比例、公知的复合化方法。
关于非水电解质,为了提高电池寿命、提高安全性等,例如还可以含有:电极覆膜形成剂、抗氧化剂、阻燃剂、防过充剂等公知的其他添加剂。使用其他添加剂时,相对于非水电解质整体,通常为0.01质量份~10质量份,优选为0.1质量份~5质量份。
<其他部件>
本发明可以适用的锂离子二次电池有时在正极与负极之间具有隔膜。作为隔膜,在非水电解质二次电池中,可以没有特别限定地使用通常使用的高分子的微多孔性的膜。作为膜,例如可列举出:由以聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚环氧乙烷或聚环氧丙烷等聚醚类、羧甲基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素等各种纤维素类、聚(甲基)丙烯酸及其各种酯类等为主体的高分子化合物或其衍生物、它们的共聚物或混合物形成的膜等,这些膜也可以利用氧化铝或二氧化硅等陶瓷材料、或氧化镁、芳族聚酰胺树脂、聚偏二氟乙烯而被涂敷。
这些膜可以单独使用,也可以将这些膜重合而以多层膜的形式使用。这些膜可以含有各种添加剂,其种类和含量没有特别限制。这些膜中,对于利用二次电池的制备方法所制备的二次电池,优选使用由聚乙烯或聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚砜形成的膜。此外,非水溶剂电解质为纯正高分子电解质或无机固体电解质时,有时也不含隔膜。
作为本发明的锂离子二次电池的外包装部件,可以使用层压膜或金属制容器。外包装部件的厚度通常为0.5mm以下,优选为0.3mm以下。作为外包装部件的形状,可列举出:扁平型(薄型)、方型、圆筒型、硬币型、纽扣型等。
层压膜也可以使用在树脂膜间具有金属层的多层膜。关于金属层,为了轻量化而优选铝箔或铝合金箔。关于树脂膜,例如可以使用聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等高分子材料。层压膜可以通过热熔接进行密封,并形成为外包装部件的形状。
金属制容器例如可以由不锈钢、铝或铝合金等形成。作为铝合金,优选含有镁、锌、硅等元素的合金。在铝或铝合金中,通过使铁、铜、镍、铬等过渡金属的含量在1%以下,能飞跃提高高温环境下的长期可靠性及散热性。
实施例
以下通过实施例及比较例对本发明进行更详细地说明。但是,本发明并不受以下的实施例等的任何限制。
在以下的实施例等中,关于磷相对于过渡金属的摩尔比,在以硝酸为分解剂、使用微波分解装置将正极活性物质制成水溶液后,使用ICP发光分光分析装置对各过渡金属及磷进行定量,从而计算出。另外,关于有机硫系电极活性物质中的硫含量,从使用了能分析硫及氧的CHN分析装置的分析结果计算出。
〔制备例1:有机硫系电极活性物质A1〕
对10质量份的利用开口直径为30μm的筛进行分级后的聚丙烯腈粉末(Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC.制造)及30质量份的硫粉末(Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC.制造、平均粒径为200μm),使用研钵进行混合。根据日本特开2013-054957的实施例,将该混合物收纳在有底圆筒状玻璃管中后,将玻璃管的下部放入坩埚型电炉,在氮气流下一边除去产生的硫化氢一边在400℃下加热1小时。冷却后,将产物放入玻璃管烤炉中,一边吸真空一边在250℃下加热3小时,从而除去单质硫。将所得到的硫改性产物用球磨机粉碎,用筛进行分级,得到平均粒径为10μm的有机硫系电极活性物质A1(硫改性聚丙烯腈)。所得到的有机硫系电极活性物质A1中的硫含量为38.4质量%。
〔制备例2:有机硫系电极活性物质A2〕
除了使用27μm~32μm的聚乙烯(Corefront Corporation制造)来代替聚丙烯腈的粉末以外,进行与制备例1相同的操作,得到平均粒径为10μm的有机硫系电极活性物质A2(聚并噻吩化合物)。所得到的有机硫系电极活性物质A2中的硫含量为43.8质量%。
〔制备例3:正极活性物质C1〕
将硫酸镍(II)六水合物(和光纯药工业制造)、硫酸锰(II)五水合物(和光纯药工业制造)及硫酸钴(II)七水合物(和光纯药工业制造)以镍:锰:钴的摩尔比为1:1:1、各金属离子的总浓度为2mol/L方式溶解于水中,从而制备了过渡金属混合水溶液。在具有搅拌机的玻璃容器中放入1mol/L碳酸钠水溶液1000g,加热到70℃,在氮气流下,用1小时滴加之前制备好的过渡金属混合水溶液500g,在70℃下进一步继续搅拌1小时。将所生成的析出物质过滤,利用蒸馏水进行洗涤,干燥,得到镍-锰-钴的碳酸盐。以锂:镍:锰:钴的摩尔比为3:1:1:1的方式称量镍-锰-钴的碳酸盐与碳酸锂(和光纯药工业制造),使用球磨机进行干式混合,在950℃下烧成该混合物。将所得到的烧成物使用球磨机进行粉碎,用筛进行分级,得到平均粒径为10μm、以LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2表示的比较例的正极活性物质C1。
〔制备例4:正极活性物质B1〕
将7g正极活性物质C1放入10g的0.6mmol/L磷酸水溶液中,搅拌1小时,干燥后,在800℃下烧成5小时,由此得到实施例的正极活性物质B1。正极活性物质B1的平均粒径为10μm,磷相对于所有的过渡金属的摩尔比为0.008。认为在正极活性物质B1中,磷以LiNiPO4、LiMnPO4、LiCoPO4等含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物的形式存在,通过X射线光电子分光分析来观察正极活性物质B1的截面的结果,磷在正极活性物质B1的中心部几乎不可见,在外壳部较多,因此,认为正极活性物质B1为含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物包覆锂过渡金属氧化物的结构。
〔制备例5:正极活性物质B2〕
将7g正极活性物质C1放入分别含有0.3mmol/L的硝酸镍和磷酸氢二铵的水溶液10g中,搅拌1小时,干燥后,在600℃下烧成5小时,由此得到实施例的正极活性物质B2。正极活性物质B2的平均粒径为10μm,磷相对于所有的过渡金属的摩尔比为0.005。认为正极活性物质B2为含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物包覆锂过渡金属氧化物的结构。
〔制备例6:正极活性物质B3〕
将100质量份的正极活性物质C1、与0.25质量份的平均粒径为0.5μm的LiFePO4投入机械化学装置(Hosokawa Micron Corporation制造、型号:AMS-Mini)中,以间隙:1mm、外壳旋转速度:6000rpm进行机械化学处理20分钟。通过该处理,得到LiNi1/3Mn1/3CO1/3O2粒子的表面被LiFePO4包覆的实施例的正极活性物质B3。正极活性物质B3的平均粒径为10μm,磷相对于所有的过渡金属的摩尔比为0.004。
〔负极的制备〕
将作为电极活性物质的84.0质量份的有机硫系电极活性物质A1、作为导电助剂的10.0质量份的乙炔黑(电气化学工业制造)、3.0质量份的碳纳米管(VGCF:昭和电工制造)、作为粘合剂的1.5质量份的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(水分散液、日本Zeon Corporation制造)、以及1.5质量份的羧甲基纤维素钠(Daicel FineChem Ltd.制造),在作为溶剂的130质量份的水中混合,使用自转公转搅拌机进行分散,制备浆料。将该浆料组合物利用刮片法涂布在碳涂敷铝箔(厚度为22μm)集电体的单面上,在90℃下干燥3小时。之后,将该电极裁切成规定的大小,在120℃下进行真空干燥2小时,制作圆盘状的负极1。另外,除了使用有机硫系电极活性物质A2来代替有机硫系电极活性物质A1以外,进行相同的操作,制作圆盘状的负极2。
〔正极的制备〕
将作为正极活性物质的90.0质量份的正极活性物质C1、作为导电助剂的5.0质量份的乙炔黑(电气化学工业制造)、作为粘合剂的5.0质量份的聚偏二氟乙烯(Kureha制造)在作为溶剂的100质量份的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中混合,使用自转公转搅拌机进行分散,制备浆料。将该浆料组合物利用刮片法涂布在铝箔(厚度为20μm)集电体的单面上,在90℃下干燥3小时。之后,将该电极裁切成规定的大小,在150℃下真空干燥2小时,制作圆盘状的正极1。另外,除了使用正极活性物质B1~B3来代替正极活性物质C1以外,进行相同的操作,制作圆盘状的正极2~4。正极2~4为实施例的正极、正极1为比较例的正极。
将LiPF6以1.0mol/L的浓度溶解在由碳酸亚乙酯50体积%、碳酸二乙酯50体积%组成的混合溶剂中,制备非水电解质。
〔电池的组装〕
按表1的组合使用负极1~2、正极1~4,夹持作为隔膜的玻璃过滤器,并保持在壳内。之后,将之前制备的非水电解质注入壳内,将壳密闭并密封,制作锂离子二次电池(φ为20mm、厚度为3.2mm的硬币型)。
表1
负极 | 正极 | |
实施例1 | 负极1 | 正极2 |
实施例2 | 负极1 | 正极3 |
实施例3 | 负极1 | 正极4 |
实施例4 | 负极2 | 正极2 |
实施例5 | 负极2 | 正极3 |
比较例1 | 负极1 | 正极1 |
比较例2 | 负极2 | 正极1 |
〔充放电试验方法〕
将锂离子二次电池放入25℃的恒温槽中,将充电终止电压为3.2V、放电终止电压为0.8V、充电倍率为0.1C、放电倍率为0.1C的充放电进行5次循环,接着,将充电倍率为5C、放电倍率为5C的充放电进行100次循环,测定各循环的充电容量和放电容量(单位:mAh/g)。
将充电倍率为5C、放电倍率为5C的充放电中的第1次循环的放电容量相对于充电倍率为0.1C、放电倍率为0.1C的充放电中的第5次循环的放电容量的比例作为倍率特性(%);将充电倍率为5C、放电倍率为5C的充放电中的第100次循环的放电容量相对于充电倍率为5C、放电倍率为5C的充放电中的第1次循环的放电容量的比例作为容量维持率(%)。将结果表示在表2中。
表2
倍率特性(%) | 容量维持率(%) | |
实施例1 | 73 | 83 |
实施例2 | 72 | 83 |
实施例3 | 69 | 85 |
实施例4 | 63 | 70 |
实施例5 | 62 | 72 |
比较例1 | 58 | 65 |
比较例2 | 53 | 59 |
将有机硫系电极活性物质用作负极活性物质、将锂过渡金属氧化物及含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物的组合用作正极活性物质的实施例1~5的锂离子二次电池与仅将锂过渡金属氧化物用作正极活性物质的比较例1及2的锂离子二次电池相比,具有倍率特性优良、即使反复高速充放电、充放电容量的下降也少的特性。
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明,能够提供一种倍率特性优良、即使反复高速充放电、充放电容量的下降也少的锂离子二次电池。
Claims (4)
1.一种锂离子二次电池,其具有:含正极活性物质的正极、含负极活性物质的负极及非水电解质,其中,正极活性物质包含锂过渡金属氧化物及含锂过渡金属磷酸化合物,负极活性物质为有机硫系电极活性物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,锂过渡金属氧化物为锂钴系氧化物或锂镍系氧化物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,正极活性物质中所含的磷的摩尔数相对于过渡金属的总摩尔数的比为0.0001~0.2。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,有机硫系电极活性物质为硫改性聚丙烯腈。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018-099196 | 2018-05-23 | ||
JP2018099196 | 2018-05-23 | ||
PCT/JP2019/020058 WO2019225588A1 (ja) | 2018-05-23 | 2019-05-21 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112005417A true CN112005417A (zh) | 2020-11-27 |
Family
ID=68615830
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201980026215.1A Pending CN112005417A (zh) | 2018-05-23 | 2019-05-21 | 锂离子二次电池 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPWO2019225588A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20210011363A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN112005417A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2019225588A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2021251234A1 (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-16 | ||
EP4439709A1 (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2024-10-02 | Adeka Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery electrode comprising porous metal-containing current collector and organosulfur-based active material, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing said electrode, and organosulfur-based active material for manufacturing said electrode |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140087233A1 (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-03-27 | Ji-Jun Hong | Lithium secondary battery |
US20140134485A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Negative-electrode active material for secondary battery, and negative electrode as well as secondary battery using the same |
CN104347880A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-11 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | 可快充的锂离子电池 |
US20150093651A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery and method of preparing cathode active material for the lithium battery |
WO2015045386A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 非水系二次電池 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003151550A (ja) | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-23 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 非水二次電池 |
US8940436B2 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2015-01-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, manufacturing method therefor, and application thereof |
JP5440003B2 (ja) | 2009-07-23 | 2014-03-12 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 蓄電デバイス及び電極活物質の製造方法 |
JP5467264B2 (ja) | 2010-02-16 | 2014-04-09 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 非水電解液二次電池の電極材料の製造方法、非水電解液二次電池の電極材料およびその電極材料を用いた非水電解液二次電池 |
JP5164286B2 (ja) | 2010-11-02 | 2013-03-21 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 硫黄系正極活物質の製造方法、硫黄系正極活物質、および、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極 |
JP2012150933A (ja) | 2011-01-18 | 2012-08-09 | Toyota Industries Corp | 硫黄系正極活物質とその製造方法及びリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。 |
JP5142162B2 (ja) | 2011-01-18 | 2013-02-13 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法及びリチウムイオン二次電池用正極 |
WO2012114651A1 (ja) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルおよびその評価方法ならびに硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを用いた正極、非水電解質二次電池、および車両 |
JP6132102B2 (ja) | 2013-10-04 | 2017-05-24 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 硫黄系正極活物質の製造方法およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 |
US10906869B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2021-02-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Organic sulfur material and method for producing same |
JP6685557B2 (ja) | 2015-03-31 | 2020-04-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 有機硫黄材料及びその製造方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-05-21 WO PCT/JP2019/020058 patent/WO2019225588A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2019-05-21 CN CN201980026215.1A patent/CN112005417A/zh active Pending
- 2019-05-21 JP JP2020521242A patent/JPWO2019225588A1/ja active Pending
- 2019-05-21 KR KR1020207028431A patent/KR20210011363A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140087233A1 (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-03-27 | Ji-Jun Hong | Lithium secondary battery |
US20140134485A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Negative-electrode active material for secondary battery, and negative electrode as well as secondary battery using the same |
WO2015045386A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 非水系二次電池 |
US20150093651A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery and method of preparing cathode active material for the lithium battery |
CN104347880A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-11 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | 可快充的锂离子电池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2019225588A1 (ja) | 2021-05-27 |
WO2019225588A1 (ja) | 2019-11-28 |
KR20210011363A (ko) | 2021-02-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11594732B2 (en) | Organo sulfur-based electrode active material | |
KR102301220B1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
JP7261169B2 (ja) | 有機硫黄系電極活物質の製造方法 | |
WO2019088088A1 (ja) | スラリー組成物、及びスラリー組成物を用いた電極 | |
CN112005417A (zh) | 锂离子二次电池 | |
US20230235103A1 (en) | Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, electrode active material containing same, electrode for secondary battery containing said electrode active material, method of manufacturing said electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using said electrode | |
WO2013146569A1 (ja) | リチウム二次電池及びその製造方法 | |
US11444275B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing positive active material, and positive active material and lithium secondary battery using same | |
JP6992362B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池 | |
WO2021060045A1 (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池用電極及び当該電極を用いた非水電解質二次電池 | |
WO2014007183A1 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池 | |
KR102450634B1 (ko) | 신규한 복합 음극활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지, 및 상기 복합 음극활물질의 제조방법 | |
US20220340693A1 (en) | Production method of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile | |
US20230261193A1 (en) | Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, electrode active material containing same, electrode for secondary battery containing said electrode active material, method of manufacturing said electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using said electrode | |
WO2021124522A1 (ja) | 電極活物質及びその製造方法、電極合剤層形成用組成物、非水電解質二次電池用電極並びに非水電解質二次電池 | |
JP2021051854A (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 | |
JP2023070237A (ja) | 電池用添加剤、それを含む非水電解質及び非水電解質二次電池 | |
KR101386150B1 (ko) | 음극활물질 전극 및 그 제조방법 및 이를 구비한 리튬이차전지 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20201127 |