CN111990416A - Insecticidal substance, insecticide and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Insecticidal substance, insecticide and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990416A CN111990416A CN202011000757.2A CN202011000757A CN111990416A CN 111990416 A CN111990416 A CN 111990416A CN 202011000757 A CN202011000757 A CN 202011000757A CN 111990416 A CN111990416 A CN 111990416A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to an insecticidal substance, an insecticide, and preparation methods and applications thereof. The invention provides an insecticidal substance, the effective component of which comprises chufa extract. The insecticide prepared by the insecticidal substance provided by the invention has the characteristics of obvious control effect, difficulty in generating drug resistance, relative safety to the environment and the like, and the insecticide is sufficient in raw materials, low in cost, easy to process and suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to an insecticidal substance, an insecticide, and preparation methods and applications thereof.
Background
Aphids are the general term for insects of the general family myzus persicae and the general family myzus persicae (Hemiptera), and have the characteristics of wide variety, large quantity, strong fecundity and short generation period. The aphids can directly damage grain crops such as corn, wheat and the like and economic crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, flowers and the like; moreover, aphids can cause various plant diseases such as sooty mould and the like by secreting honeydew, and can also spread various plant virus diseases, thereby causing great influence on the yield and quality of crops.
At present, the control of aphids at home and abroad mainly depends on chemical agents, and the long-term large-scale use of chemical pesticides not only causes the aphids to generate higher resistance to pesticides such as organophosphorus and pyrethroid, but also causes the prevention effect to be obviously reduced, and brings a series of environmental and ecological problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an insecticidal substance, an insecticide, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The insecticidal substance provided by the invention has the characteristics of obvious control effect, difficult generation of drug resistance, relative safety to the environment and the like, and is an effective way for promoting the reduction and control of the pesticide.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an insecticidal substance, the effective component of which comprises chufa extract.
The invention provides a preparation method of the insecticidal substance in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and leaching the water chestnuts and the leaching agent to obtain the insecticidal substance.
Preferably, during the mixed leaching, the mass ratio of the water chestnuts to the leaching agent is 1: (5-10); the leaching agent comprises one or more of ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform; the temperature of the mixed leaching is 20-40 ℃, and the time is 24-48 h.
The invention provides a pesticide, which comprises the following raw materials: the insecticidal substance according to the technical scheme or the insecticidal substance and the auxiliary materials prepared by the preparation method according to the technical scheme; the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of organic solvent, surfactant, antifreezing agent and water.
Preferably, the organic solvent comprises one or a mixture of more of ethanol, methanol, acetone, methyl oleate, ethyl acetate, xylene, cyclohexanone and dimethylformamide; the surfactant comprises one or more of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl polyglycoside, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylbenzene sulfonate, castor oil and ethylene oxide adduct, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate; the antifreeze comprises glycol or glycerol.
Preferably, the formulation of the pesticide includes soluble liquid and microemulsion.
Preferably, when the dosage form of the pesticide is a soluble liquid, the pesticide comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 20 percent of insecticidal substance, 5 to 30 percent of surfactant and the balance of organic solvent;
when the dosage form of the pesticide is microemulsion, the pesticide comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 20 percent of insecticidal substance, 20 to 50 percent of organic solvent, 5 to 10 percent of surfactant, 5 to 10 percent of antifreezing agent and the balance of water.
The invention provides a preparation method of the pesticide, which comprises the following steps:
when the pesticide is in a soluble liquid form, mixing the pesticide substance with an organic solvent and a surfactant to obtain the pesticide;
when the pesticide is in the form of microemulsion, the pesticide is obtained by mixing the pesticide substance with an organic solvent, a surfactant, an antifreezing agent and water.
The invention provides the application of the insecticidal substance in the technical scheme or the insecticidal substance prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme or the insecticide prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in insecticidal.
Preferably, the target pests of the pesticide or pesticidal substance include aphids; the control objects of the pesticide or the insecticidal substance comprise grains, fruits and vegetables and horticultural plants.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides an insecticidal substance, the effective component of which comprises chufa extract. The insecticidal substance provided by the invention has various active ingredients, and the aphids are not easy to generate drug resistance; the insecticidal effect is obvious, and the insecticidal composition is safe to target organisms; the botanical pesticide has the characteristic of relative safety to the environment. The experimental result shows that the prevention and control effect is more than 70% after the insecticidal substance provided by the invention is adopted for 3 days; the control effect reaches more than 80 percent after 7 days.
In addition, the invention adopts sufficient raw materials, has low cost and easy processing, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an insecticidal substance, the effective component of which comprises chufa extract.
The insecticidal substance provided by the invention has the characteristics of difficult generation of drug resistance, obvious prevention and control effect, relative safety to the environment and the like.
The invention provides a preparation method of the insecticidal substance in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and leaching the water chestnuts and the leaching agent to obtain the insecticidal substance.
The water chestnut and the extracting agent are mixed and extracted to obtain the insecticidal substance. In the invention, in the mixed extraction, the mass ratio of the water chestnut to the extracting agent is preferably 1: (5-10), more preferably 1: (6-9); the leaching agent preferably comprises one or more of ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform, and more preferably comprises ethanol; the ethanol is preferably absolute ethanol; the temperature of the mixed leaching is preferably 20-40 ℃, and more preferably 25-38 ℃; the time of the mixed leaching is preferably 24-48 h, and more preferably 26-45 h; the number of times of the mixed leaching is preferably 3-4 times, and more preferably 3 times.
In the invention, the water chestnut is preferably a corm of the water chestnut; preferably, the water chestnut is crushed before leaching to obtain a coarse crushed material; the pulverization treatment is preferably carried out in a pulverizer; the particle size of the coarse crushed material is preferably 1 to 5mm, and more preferably 1.5 to 4.5 mm.
After the leaching treatment, the invention preferably further comprises vacuum concentration of leaching liquor obtained by leaching; the pressure of the vacuum concentration is preferably-0.05 to-0.098 MPa, and more preferably-0.06 to-0.09 MPa; the temperature of vacuum concentration is preferably 40-60 ℃, and more preferably 43-58 ℃. The invention can remove the lixiviant through vacuum concentration, and improve the content of active ingredients in the insecticidal substances.
The invention provides a pesticide, which comprises the following raw materials: the insecticidal substance according to the technical scheme or the insecticidal substance and the auxiliary materials prepared by the preparation method according to the technical scheme; the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of organic solvent, surfactant, antifreezing agent and water. In the present invention, the organic solvent preferably includes one or a mixture of several of ethanol, methanol, acetone, methyl oleate, ethyl acetate, xylene, cyclohexanone and dimethylformamide, and more preferably includes ethanol; the ethanol is preferably absolute ethanol; the surfactant preferably comprises one or more of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl polyglycoside, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylbenzene sulfonate, an addition product of castor oil and ethylene oxide, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate, and more preferably comprises one or more of alkyl polyglycoside, alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkylbenzene sulfonate; the alkyl polyglycosides preferably comprise alkyl polyglycosides; the alkylbenzene sulfonate is preferably calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the alkylphenol ethoxylates is preferably alkylphenol ethoxylates; the preferred phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the antifreeze agent preferably comprises ethylene glycol or glycerol.
In the present invention, the formulation of the insecticide preferably includes soluble liquid and microemulsion; when the pesticide is in a soluble liquid form, the pesticide preferably comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-20% of insecticidal substance, 5-30% of surfactant and the balance of organic solvent, and more preferably comprises: 11 to 20 percent of insecticidal substance and 6 to 28 percent of surfactant; when the dosage form of the pesticide is microemulsion, the pesticide preferably comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 20 percent of insecticidal substance, 20 to 50 percent of organic solvent, 5 to 10 percent of surfactant, 5 to 10 percent of antifreezing agent and the balance of water, and more preferably comprises 11 to 20 percent of insecticidal substance, 22 to 48 percent of organic solvent, 6 to 9 percent of surfactant, 6 to 9 percent of antifreezing agent and the balance of water.
The invention provides a preparation method of the pesticide, which comprises the following steps:
when the pesticide is in a soluble liquid form, mixing the pesticide substance with an organic solvent and a surfactant to obtain the pesticide;
when the pesticide is in the form of microemulsion, the pesticide is obtained by mixing the pesticide substance with an organic solvent, a surfactant, an antifreezing agent and water.
When the pesticide is in a soluble liquid form, the pesticide is obtained by mixing the pesticide substance, the organic solvent and the surfactant. The invention preferably also comprises stirring the mixture obtained by mixing the insecticidal substance, the organic solvent and the surfactant to promote the uniform mixing of all the components; the stirring time is preferably 0.3-1 h, and more preferably 0.4-1 h. In the present invention, the order of mixing the pesticidal substance with the organic solvent and the surfactant is preferably such that the pesticidal substance is dissolved in the organic solvent and then mixed with the surfactant to obtain the pesticide. In the present invention, the mixing is preferably performed by stirring; the mixing time is preferably 0.3 to 1 hour, and more preferably 0.4 to 1 hour. The present invention does not require any particular means of dissolution, and may be carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
When the pesticide is in the form of microemulsion, the pesticide is obtained by mixing the pesticide substance, the organic solvent, the surfactant, the antifreezing agent and the water. In the present invention, the mixing temperature is preferably 25 to 35 ℃. After the insecticidal substance is mixed with the organic solvent, the surfactant, the antifreezing agent and the water, the invention preferably also comprises the step of stirring a mixture obtained after the insecticidal substance is mixed with the organic solvent, the surfactant, the antifreezing agent and the water, so as to promote the uniform mixing of all the components; the stirring time is preferably 0.3-1 h, and more preferably 0.4-1 h. In the present invention, the order of mixing the pesticidal substance with the organic solvent, the surfactant, the antifreeze and the water is preferably that the pesticidal substance is dissolved in the organic solvent, mixed with the surfactant and the antifreeze, and then mixed and dissolved by adding the water to obtain the pesticide. In the present invention, the mixing and dissolving manner is preferably stirring; the mixing and dissolving time is preferably 0.3-1 h, and more preferably 0.4-1 h. The present invention does not require any particular means of dissolution, and may be carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides the application of the insecticidal substance in the technical scheme or the insecticidal substance obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme or the insecticide prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in insecticidal. In the present invention, the target pests of the pesticide preferably include aphids; the control objects of the pesticide preferably comprise grains, fruits, vegetables and horticultural plants.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, a pesticidal material, a pesticide, a preparation method and applications thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation of pesticidal substances
(1) Cutting corm of corm Eleocharitis into small pieces, and pulverizing to coarse powder of about 5mm with pulverizer;
(2) extracting the obtained coarse pulverized material with anhydrous ethanol (mass ratio of 1: 10) at 25 + -5 deg.C for 48 hr for 3 times to obtain extractive solution, and vacuum concentrating the extractive solution under-0.09 Mpa at 55 deg.C to obtain water chestnut extract.
Indoor bioassay research:
the indoor biological measurement of the insecticidal substance adopts a micro-drop method. Before the experiment, the insecticidal substances are diluted into liquid medicines (50 and 100mgDW/mL) with different concentration gradients by acetone and are refrigerated for standby.
The specific operation steps are as follows: dripping medicinal liquid into the back of aphid chest by using a micro dropper, wherein each treatment is repeated for 3 times, each culture dish tests 20 insects, the same amount of acetone with 80 percent of the dripping amount is used as a control, and the treated insects are placed in the culture dish. The test insects are cultured and observed in an insect feeding room, and the death condition of the test insects is checked and recorded after 24 and 48 hours, and the death rate and the corrected death rate are calculated.
The calculation formula is as follows:
the mortality rate is the dead insect number/the total insect number multiplied by 100 percent
Corrected mortality-control mortality)/(1-control mortality) x 100%
The contact killing activity of the water chestnut extract on Aphis citricola was determined by a micro-drop method, and the detection results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 contact killing Activity of Eleochairis Toberosa extract on Aphis citricola and Aphis gramineus
Note that the data in the table are the mean of 3 replicates; the data in the same column are followed by different letters indicating significant differences (P <0.05) by Duncan's new repolarization test.
TABLE 2 contact toxicity of chufa extracts on Aphis citricola and Aphis graminicola
As can be seen from the data recorded in tables 1 and 2, the water chestnut extract has better contact killing activity on Aphis citricola and Aphis graminicola, and the corrected mortality rates of 48h on Aphis citricola and Aphis graminicola are respectively 98.33% and 100.00% under the treatment dose of 100 mgDW/mL; the contact toxicity measurement shows that the chufa extract has 24h LC of Aphis citricola and Aphis gramineus50LC of 34.18 and 32.56mgDW/mL, 48h respectively5023.39 and 20.01mgDW/mL, respectively.
Based on the bioassay results, the water chestnut extract is prepared into the soluble liquid and the microemulsion respectively for further research.
Example 2
The mass percentage of the 20% water chestnut soluble liquid is as follows: water chestnut extract obtained in example 1-1: 20%, alkylphenol ethoxylates: 10 percent, 2 percent of alkyl polyglycoside and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol to 100 percent.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
dissolving the pesticide substance in anhydrous ethanol, mixing with alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and alkylpolyglycoside, supplementing the rest with anhydrous ethanol, stirring and mixing uniformly for 1h to obtain the pesticide.
Example 3
The mass percentage of the 20% water chestnut microemulsion is as follows: water chestnut extract: 20%, absolute ethyl alcohol: 40%, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: 5%, ethylene glycol: 5 percent, and the balance is supplemented to 100 percent by water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
dissolving the insecticidal substance in anhydrous ethanol, mixing with calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and ethylene glycol, adding water to balance, stirring and mixing for 1h to obtain the insecticide.
Application example 1
In order to clarify the field control effect of the 20% water chestnut soluble liquid agent (the 20% water chestnut soluble liquid agent prepared in example 2) and the 20% water chestnut microemulsion (the 20% water chestnut microemulsion prepared in example 3), a field plot experiment for controlling Aphis citricola and Aphis gramineus was performed on the pesticide in Baoding City in Hebei province in 2019.
1. Reagent for testing
20% water chestnut soluble liquid (20% water chestnut soluble liquid prepared in example 2), medicament code EDSL;
20% water chestnut microemulsion (20% water chestnut microemulsion prepared in example 3), medicament code EDME;
20 percent imidacloprid missible oil, Zhongke chemical Co., Ltd.
2. Crops for test
Apple trees and wheat.
3. Control object
Aphis citricola (Aphiscitricola andergot) and Aphis graminearum (Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)).
4. Cell set-up and drug treatment
The cell test is a random arrangement, repeated 4 times, and the cell area is determined according to the situation. The test reagent is diluted into 250 times, 500 times and 1000 times respectively by adopting a secondary dilution method, the control reagent 20% imidacloprid missible oil is diluted into 2000 times, the spraying amount is constant spraying on the leaf surface, clear water is set as blank control, and the process is repeated for 4 times. And (3) marking 10 aphid leaves on each plot by plant setting, wherein the aphid amount of each plot is not less than 200. The population base before the pesticide is investigated, and the number of live insects in each cell is investigated at 1d, 3d and 7d after the pesticide is applied. Calculating the population reduction rate and the correction control effect by the following calculation formula: the control effect is [1- (the number of the live insects before the drug application in the control area x the number of the live insects after the drug application in the treatment area)/(the number of the live insects after the drug application in the control area x the number of the live insects before the drug application in the treatment area) ] × 100%.
5. Test results and statistics
The results of the field efficacy test of the 20% water chestnut soluble liquid agent and the 20% water chestnut microemulsion on Aphis citricola are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 control of Aphis citricola by Water chestnut insecticides
Note that the data in the table are the mean of 4 replicates; the data in the same column are followed by different letters indicating significant differences (P <0.05) by Duncan's new repolarization test.
The test data recorded in table 3 show that the 20% water chestnut soluble liquid and the 20% water chestnut microemulsion have good control effect on Aphis citricola, and the control effect is more than 70% after 250 times and 500 times of diluents are sprayed for 3 days; after 7 days, the control effect is respectively more than 80%, wherein, the drug effect of 250 times of diluent and 2000 times of diluent of 20% imidacloprid missible oil has no obvious difference. During the experiment, no adverse effect of each treatment liquid on apple tree leaves was observed.
TABLE 4 control of Aphis graminicola by Water chestnut insecticides
Note that the data in the table are the mean of 4 replicates; the data in the same column are followed by different letters indicating significant differences (P <0.05) by Duncan's new repolarization test.
The test data recorded in table 4 show that the 20% water chestnut soluble liquid and the 20% water chestnut microemulsion have good control effect on the vascular aphids, and the control effect is more than 70% after the 250-time and 500-time diluents are sprayed for 3 days; after 7 days, the control effect is respectively more than 80%, wherein, the drug effect of 250 times of diluent and 2000 times of diluent of 20% imidacloprid missible oil has no obvious difference. During the experiment, no adverse effect of each treatment liquid on wheat was observed. Therefore, the pesticide provided by the invention has the effect equivalent to that of a 2000-time liquid pesticide in the prior art under the condition of 250-time liquid pesticide.
As is clear from the above description, the insecticidal substances provided by the present invention have various active ingredients, and aphids are less likely to develop resistance to drugs; the insecticidal effect is obvious, and the insecticidal composition is safe to target organisms; the botanical pesticide of the invention is relatively safe to the environment. The experimental result shows that the prevention and control effect is more than 70% after the insecticidal substance provided by the invention is adopted for 3 days; the control effect reaches more than 80 percent after 7 days.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An insecticidal substance is characterized in that the effective component comprises water chestnut extract.
2. A process for the preparation of an insecticidal substance according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
mixing and leaching the water chestnuts and the leaching agent to obtain the insecticidal substance.
3. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein in the mixed leaching, the mass ratio of the water chestnuts to the leaching agent is 1: (5-10); the leaching agent comprises one or more of ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform; the temperature of the mixed leaching is 20-40 ℃, and the time is 24-48 h.
4. The pesticide is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: the pesticidal substance according to claim 1 or the pesticidal substance produced by the production method according to claim 2 or 3, and an auxiliary; the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of organic solvent, surfactant, antifreezing agent and water.
5. The insecticide according to claim 4, wherein the organic solvent comprises one or more of ethanol, methanol, acetone, methyl oleate, ethyl acetate, xylene, cyclohexanone and dimethylformamide; the surfactant comprises one or more of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl polyglycoside, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylbenzene sulfonate, castor oil and ethylene oxide adduct, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether and aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate; the antifreeze comprises glycol or glycerol.
6. The insecticide according to claim 4, wherein the formulation of said insecticide comprises soluble liquid and microemulsion.
7. The pesticide of claim 6, wherein when the pesticide is in a form of soluble liquid, the pesticide comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 20 percent of insecticidal substance, 5 to 30 percent of surfactant and the balance of organic solvent;
when the dosage form of the pesticide is microemulsion, the pesticide comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 20 percent of insecticidal substance, 20 to 50 percent of organic solvent, 5 to 10 percent of surfactant, 5 to 10 percent of antifreezing agent and the balance of water.
8. A process for producing the insecticide according to any one of claims 4 to 7, comprising the steps of:
when the pesticide is in a soluble liquid form, mixing the pesticide substance with an organic solvent and a surfactant to obtain the pesticide;
when the pesticide is in the form of microemulsion, the pesticide is obtained by mixing the pesticide substance with an organic solvent, a surfactant, an antifreezing agent and water.
9. Use of the pesticidal substance according to claim 1, the pesticidal substance prepared by the preparation method according to claim 2 or 3, the pesticide according to any one of claims 4 to 7, or the pesticide prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 for killing pests.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the target pests of the insecticide or insecticidal substance include aphids; the control objects of the pesticide or the insecticidal substance comprise grains, fruits and vegetables and horticultural plants.
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| CN114766517A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-22 | 河北农业大学 | Application of vitex rotundifolia extract, pesticide and preparation method of pesticide |
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