CN111990236A - Water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system based on solar automatic irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a green roof system based on solar energy automatic irrigation type for water conservation and cleaning, comprising a solar energy storage and power supply component, a light green roof, an automatic drip irrigation component and a water storage tank. Panels, geotextiles, artificial substrates and sedum grass. The artificial substrates are mixed with perlite and organic chicken manure. Water storage tanks are installed in the top stairwell of the building to receive rainwater from the light green roof and store water. There is an overflow port on the tank; the solar energy storage and power supply components include solar panels, charge controllers and batteries; the automatic drip irrigation components include drip irrigation pipes, moisture detectors, water pumps and drip irrigation controllers. The drip irrigation controller controls the water pump according to the moisture content in the artificial substrate Start and stop to achieve the purpose of automatic drip irrigation. The invention can improve the interception rate of the green roof in rainy period and reduce the risk of non-point source pollution, and can also enhance the survival of green roof plants in dry period, and ensure the ecological environment benefit of the green roof.

Description

A green roof system for water conservation and clean water based on solar energy automatic irrigation

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of construction, relates to a roof greening, intelligent irrigation, energy-saving water purification technology, and in particular relates to a water-retaining and clean-water green roof system based on solar energy automatic irrigation.

Background technique

A green roof can be simply defined as "the vegetation cover placed over man-made structures". The construction of early green roofs was mainly to meet people's aesthetic needs, while modern green roofs can take into account environmental benefits in addition to pure aesthetic functions. Modern green roofs refer to the conscious placement of multiple structural layers under plants and planting substrates to form a complete structure. Most green roofs have a similar structure and are in direct contact with the roof panel. From the roof panel to the top, the structural layers are: waterproof layer, drainage layer, filter layer, planting substrate layer and plants.

The construction of green roofs makes reasonable use of the upper space of the city, beautifies the urban architectural environment, and brings many ecological and environmental benefits to the city, such as alleviating the urban heat island effect, promoting building cooling and energy saving, controlling and utilizing urban rainwater, Reduce noise and air pollution, enrich urban species diversity, and more. At present, under the background of vigorously advocating the construction of "sponge city" in my country, as a major engineering measure to control the source of urban rainwater, green roofs are increasingly popularized and applied in various places.

Although green roofs have a high interception rate or even no runoff for small rainfall events with high frequency, they are not effective for heavy rainfall events with low frequency. This is because green roofs are effective in retaining rainwater, and excessive rainfall runoff will still leave the roof, putting pressure on the urban pipe network system; and for those green roofs that use high-nutrient planting substrates, nutrient leaching may also occur. The problem is that the roof rainwater runoff flowing to the urban pipe network system brings non-point source pollution. In addition, the survival of plants on green roofs is an important guarantee for green roofs to exert various ecological and environmental benefits (such as interception and transpiration of rainwater runoff, cooling and humidification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, etc.), especially in arid areas in the north or high temperature cities in the south. , when extreme weather events such as drought and water shortage are inevitable, it is very necessary to irrigate green roofs to maintain plant survival.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar energy automatic irrigation type water conservation and cleaning water green roof system to solve the problem of water loss, non-point source pollution and plant survival in extreme weather conditions in existing green roofs , so that green roofs can better play their various ecological functions in the city.

The object of the present invention is achieved in this way:

A green roof system for water conservation and cleaning based on automatic solar energy irrigation is characterized in that: it includes a solar energy storage and power supply component, a light green roof, an automatic drip irrigation component and a water storage tank, and the light green roof is in order from the building roof above the building roof. Plastic drainage boards, geotextiles, artificial substrates and Sedum grass, the Sylvia officinalis is planted in the artificial substrate by cuttings, and the artificial substrate is formed by mixing perlite and organic chicken manure in a fixed ratio, and the geotextiles are To filtration, it is used to effectively intercept the loss of fine particles and nutrients in the artificial matrix; the plastic drainage plate timely drains the seepage from the bottom of the artificial matrix;

The building roof on one side of the lightweight green roof is provided with a drainage channel, the drainage channel is filled with drainage gravel, the plastic drainage board is connected with the drainage channel, and one end of the drainage channel is connected to a water storage tank through a plastic drainage pipe;

The water storage tank is installed in the stairwell of the building. The installation height of the water storage tank is lower than the top roof of the building, which is convenient for collecting and storing rainwater. The water storage tank is also provided with an overflow port, and the overflow port passes through. The overflow pipe is connected to the drain of the municipal drain;

The solar energy storage and power supply assembly includes a solar panel, a charge controller and a battery. The solar panel is installed on the building roof on the side of the light green roof for energy conversion, and the electrical energy converted by the solar panel is stored in the battery through the charge controller. Inside, the battery provides electricity for the water-keeping and clean-water green roof system;

The automatic drip irrigation assembly includes a drip irrigation pipeline, a moisture detector, a water pump and a drip irrigation controller. The inlet of the water pump is connected to the inner bottom of the water storage tank through a pipeline, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the drip irrigation pipeline through a pipeline, and the drip irrigation pipeline is buried in the artificial matrix. The bottom is located on the geotextile, and the moisture detector is embedded in the artificial matrix to detect the moisture in the artificial matrix. The detection signal of the moisture detector is transmitted to the drip irrigation controller, and the drip irrigation controller is based on the moisture content in the artificial matrix. The size controls the start and stop of the water pump to achieve the purpose of automatic drip irrigation.

Further, the particle size of the perlite in the artificial matrix is classified as 4mm-8mm, and the organic chicken manure is prepared by high-temperature fermentation and drying, and the organic matter content is about 50-70g/kg. The artificial matrix made by mixing perlite and organic chicken manure with a volume ratio of 90:10 contains less than 50g/kg of organic matter, less than 150mg/kg of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, and less than 350mg/kg of available phosphorus, which can supply both Plant enough nutrients, but also reduce the possibility of nutrient leaching.

Further, the dry density of the artificial matrix is lower than 0.5 g/cm ³ .

Further, the porosity of the artificial matrix is greater than 85%.

Further, the maximum water holding capacity of the artificial substrate is greater than 35%, which can effectively store rainwater and improve the survival rate of plants in drought periods.

Further, the solar power storage and power supply assembly further includes a circuit board, the battery is connected to the input end of the circuit board through a wire, and the output end of the circuit board is connected to each electrical equipment of the automated drip irrigation assembly through a wire.

Further, the drip irrigation pipeline is a mesh pipe network formed by connecting an irrigation main pipe and an irrigation branch pipe, and the irrigation branch pipe is provided with a large number of irrigation holes.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The sedum grass has strong adaptability and certain ornamental value, and the artificial substrate layer has excellent physical and chemical characteristics, which can not only effectively play the rain interception function of green roofs, but also better reduce the surface area caused by roof rainwater runoff. source pollution. The artificial substrate adopts limited (10% by volume) organic fertilizer, which can effectively reduce the possibility of leaching of nutrients in the green roof runoff process. In addition, by selecting geotextiles made of polypropylene refined non-woven fabrics to filter and purify water, the risk of non-point source pollution from green roofs can be further reduced. The drainage of rainwater runoff from green roofs is undertaken by drainage gravel and plastic drainage pipes. In the middle of the artificial substrate layer, a moisture detector is placed, which can detect the dryness and wetness of the artificial substrate. When the artificial substrate moisture is lower than the withering coefficient, it will be fed back to the drip irrigation controller. The water is led to the artificial substrate layer through the irrigation main pipe, the irrigation branch pipe and the irrigation hole for irrigation to ensure the survival of the plants in the dry period. When the artificial substrate moisture reaches the field capacity, it will be fed back to the drip irrigation controller again, the water pump controller and the water pump will be turned off, and the irrigation will be stopped.

The technical scheme of the present invention can not only improve the rainwater interception rate of green roofs in response to heavy rainfall events, but also reduce the risk of non-point source pollution caused by the leaching of nutrients in the planting matrix, and at the same time, the use of rooftop solar energy resources can solve plant drought shortages. Water irrigation can effectively ensure that green roofs play various ecological and environmental functions, and help the construction of sponge cities and green, energy-saving and environmentally friendly cities.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall plan schematic diagram of the green roof system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the water storage tank with overflow function;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the green roof facade structure;

4 is a schematic plan view of an automated drip irrigation assembly;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the solar energy storage and power supply components and the electrical devices.

In the picture: 1-stairwell, 2-drainage gravel, 3-light green roof, 4-solar panel, 5-roof drain, 10-water storage tank, 11-overflow pipe, 12-pump, 21-plastic Drainage Pipe, 31-Scarlet Grass, 32-Artificial Substrate, 33-Geotextile, 34-Plastic Drainage Board, 35-Moisture Detector, 36-Irrigation Main Pipe, 37-Irrigation Branch Pipe, 38-Irrigation Hole, 40-Drip Irrigation Control Controller, 41-Water Pump Controller.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Ground connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

A solar energy automatic irrigation type water conservation and clean water green roof system includes a solar energy storage and power supply component, a light green roof 3 with a purification function, an automatic drip irrigation component and a water storage tank 10 with an overflow function.

The solar energy storage and power supply components are composed of solar panels 4, charge controllers, batteries and circuit boards. The solar panel 4 is placed beside the green roof, and the charge controller, battery, and circuit board are placed in the stairwell 1 on the top floor of the building to facilitate maintenance and management. The solar panel 4 generates electricity through sunlight, and is connected to the battery through the charge controller. The top of the battery is fixed and connected to the input end of the circuit board, and the output end of the circuit board is connected to the electrical devices on the green roof, such as the moisture detector 35 and the water pump controller. 41. The water pump 12 and so on are connected.

The construction of the lightweight green roof 3 with purification function is as follows: from the building roof above, the plastic drainage board 34 , the geotextile 33 , the artificial substrate 32 and the sagebrush 31 are in order. Sedum 31 is planted in artificial substrate 32 by cuttings, and the column spacing is 30×30cm; the thickness of artificial substrate 32 is between 5-15cm, and its formula is composed of perlite and organic chicken manure at 90% and 10% volume. The perlite has a particle size classification of 4mm-8mm on the market, and the organic chicken manure is made by high-temperature fermentation and drying, and the organic matter content is about 60g/kg, which can be purchased in the flower and tree market. The artificial matrix 32 thus mixed has excellent physical and chemical properties. For example, its dry density is only 0.207g/ ^cm3 , which can effectively avoid the problem of excessive load during green roof construction. The porosity is as high as 91.4%, which is very beneficial to the gas of plant roots. Exchange and ensure the normal growth of plants. The maximum water holding capacity is 36.65%, which can effectively store rainwater and improve the survival rate of plants in dry periods. The permeability rate of 0.899cm/s can avoid the generation of roof water under heavy rainfall events. , the content of artificial substrate 32 organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, etc. is only 31.2g/kg, 124.8mg/kg, 307.2mg/kg, which can not only supply enough nutrients to plants, but also reduce the possibility of nutrient leaching .

The artificial matrix 32 of the present invention is formed by mixing lightweight aggregate and organic fertilizer in a volume of 90:10, and the geotextile 33 is made of polypropylene refined non-woven fabric, which can effectively intercept the loss of fine particles and nutrients in the artificial matrix 32. The use of artificial substrate 32 and geotextile 33 can reduce the content of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus in seepage water from green roofs, and achieve the effect of purifying water quality. The plastic drainage board 34 has high compressive strength, light load, easy installation, and can timely drain the seepage water flowing out from the bottom of the artificial substrate 32 . One side of the green roof is provided with a drainage channel, and a small hole is opened at the end of the channel to connect the plastic drainage pipe 21 to collect and transport the green roof runoff.

The automatic drip irrigation component is composed of drip irrigation pipeline (including main pipe and branch pipe), moisture detector 35, water pump 12, drip irrigation controller, etc. The drip irrigation pipe is laid on the bottom of the green roof artificial substrate 32 and on the geotextile 33; the moisture detector 35 is placed in the middle of the green roof artificial substrate 32 layer, and is connected with the circuit board output end of the solar energy storage and power supply assembly through wires, and the water pump 12 The drip irrigation controller is also connected to the output end of the circuit board through wires, wherein the drip irrigation controller is fixed around the circuit board, and the water pump 12 is installed above the water storage tank 10 and in the stairwell 1 on the top floor of the building. pump out water and supply water to the drip irrigation pipeline. The moisture detector 35 monitors the moisture information of the green roof artificial substrate 32, and when the moisture is lower than the withering coefficient, it is fed back to the drip irrigation controller, thereby triggering the drip irrigation controller to turn on the water pump 12, supplying water to the drip irrigation pipeline, and irrigating the artificial substrate 32, To ensure the survival of plants in the drought period; when the moisture detector 35 detects that the water content of the artificial substrate 32 is higher than the field capacity, it is fed back to the drip irrigation controller again, and then the water pump controller 41 and the water pump 12 are closed, and the water supply to the drip irrigation pipeline is stopped.

The water storage tank 10 is placed in the top stairwell 1 of the building, and is located below the water pump 12. The installation height (bottom height) of the water storage tank 10 is lower than the building roof, which is convenient to receive the drainage of the light green roof 3. The top of the water storage tank 10 The water inlet and outlet are provided, and the top of the upper side is provided with an overflow port, and the height of the overflow port is higher than the roof of the top of the building, which is convenient for drainage. The water inlet is connected to the plastic drainage pipe 21 that collects rainfall runoff from the green roof, and the water outlet is connected to the inlet of the water pump 12 through a bottom-inserted water pipe. The overflow port is connected to the drain port on the roof of the municipal drainage pipe in the building through the plastic overflow pipe 11 to ensure that the water in the water storage tank 10 will not overflow into the corridor under extreme rainfall conditions. The water storage tank 10 collects the excess rainfall runoff that cannot be completely absorbed by the green roof during the rainstorm. The water exceeding the volume of the water storage tank 10 will flow out through the overflow port at the top of the water storage tank, and will be connected to the roof drainage at the top of the building through the overflow pipe 11. Port 5, into the municipal drainage pipe system. The outlet of the water pump 12 on the top of the water storage tank 10 is connected to the irrigation main pipe 36, and irrigation is carried out when the green roof plants need water to ensure the survival of the plants, so that the green roof can continue to exert its ecological and environmental benefits. The minimum volume of the water storage tank 10 can be calculated from the relevant properties of the green roof artificial substrate 32 being constructed. The calculation formula is the minimum volume of the water storage tank 10 = the artificial substrate 32 the field water capacity × the thickness of the artificial substrate, and at the same time, the space that can be placed in the stairwell 1 on the top floor of the building should be considered.

The drainage of the green roof rainfall runoff is undertaken by the drainage gravel 2 and the plastic drainage pipe 21 . In the middle position of the artificial substrate 32 layer, a moisture detector 35 is placed, which can detect the dryness and wetness of the artificial substrate 32. When the artificial substrate 32 moisture is lower than the withering coefficient, it is fed back to the drip irrigation controller, thereby turning on the water pump 12 through the water pump controller 41. , the water of the water storage tank 10 is led to the artificial substrate 32 layer through the irrigation main pipe 36, the irrigation branch pipe 37 and the irrigation hole 38, and irrigation is carried out to ensure the survival of the plants in the drought period. When the water in the artificial substrate 32 reaches the field capacity, it is fed back to the drip irrigation controller again, and the water pump 12 is turned off through the water pump controller 41 to stop irrigation. Solar panels 4 are placed beside the green roof, as shown in Figure 3.

At the bottom of the artificial substrate 32 and the upper part of the geotextile 33, an irrigation main pipe 36 and an irrigation branch pipe 37 are placed, and the irrigation water flows out and soaks the artificial substrate 32 through the irrigation holes 38. The layout of the automated drip irrigation assembly is shown in Figure 4. The moisture detector 35 is connected to the output end of the circuit board placed in the top stairwell 1 in the building, and the water pump controller 41 and the water pump 12 are also connected to the output end of the circuit board, as shown in FIG. 4 .

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should cover within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a green roof system of clean water of guarantor's water based on automatic formula of irrigating of solar energy which characterized in that: the solar energy drip irrigation system comprises a solar energy storage and power supply assembly, a light green roof, an automatic drip irrigation assembly and a water storage tank, wherein the light green roof is sequentially provided with a plastic drainage plate, geotextile, an artificial matrix and sedum lineare which is planted in the artificial matrix in a cutting mode from the upper part of a building roof, the artificial matrix is formed by mixing perlite and organic chicken manure in a fixed proportion, and the geotextile plays a role in filtering and is used for effectively intercepting the loss of fine particles and nutrient substances in the artificial matrix; the plastic drainage plate collects and drains seepage water flowing out from the bottom of the artificial matrix in time;

a drainage channel is arranged on the building roof on one side of the light green roof, drainage gravels are filled in the drainage channel, the plastic drainage plate is connected with the drainage channel, and one end of the drainage channel is connected with the water storage tank through a plastic drainage pipe;

the water storage tank is arranged in a staircase of the building body, the installation height of the water storage tank is lower than that of a top roof of the building body, rainwater is convenient to collect and store, an overflow port is further formed in the water storage tank, and the overflow port is connected to a water outlet of a municipal drainage pipe through an overflow pipe;

the solar energy storage and power supply assembly comprises a solar panel, a charging controller and a storage battery, wherein the solar panel is arranged on a building roof on the side of the light green roof and used for energy conversion, electric energy converted by the solar panel is stored in the storage battery through the charging controller, and the storage battery provides electric power for the water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system;

the automatic drip irrigation assembly comprises a drip irrigation pipeline, a moisture detector, a water pump and a drip irrigation controller, wherein an inlet of the water pump is connected with the bottom in a water storage tank through a pipeline, an outlet of the water pump is connected with the drip irrigation pipeline through a pipeline, the drip irrigation pipeline is embedded at the bottom of an artificial matrix and is positioned on geotextile, the moisture detector is embedded in the artificial matrix and is used for detecting moisture in the artificial matrix, a detection signal of the moisture detector is transmitted to the drip irrigation controller, and the drip irrigation controller controls the water pump to start and stop according to the moisture content in the artificial matrix to achieve the purpose of automatic drip irrigation.

2. The solar-based automatic irrigation water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the perlite in the artificial matrix is classified into 4mm-8mm, the organic chicken manure is prepared by fermenting and drying at high temperature, the organic matter content is about 50-70g/kg, the organic matter content in the artificial matrix prepared by mixing the perlite and the organic chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 90:10 is lower than 50g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is lower than 150mg/kg, and the quick-acting phosphorus content is lower than 350mg/kg, so that the perlite artificial matrix can provide enough nutrients for plants and reduce the possibility of leaching of nutrient substances.

3. The solar-based automatic irrigation type water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the artificial matrix has a dry density of less than 0.5g/cm³。

4. The solar-based automatic irrigation type water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the porosity of the artificial matrix is greater than 85%.

5. The solar-based automatic irrigation type water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the maximum water holding capacity of the artificial substrate is more than 35%, so that rainwater can be effectively retained, the survival rate of plants in a dry period can be improved, the permeability is more than 0.8cm/s, and roof water accumulation in a heavy rainfall event can be avoided.

6. The solar-based automatic irrigation type water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the solar energy power storage and supply assembly further comprises a circuit board, the storage battery is connected with the input end of the circuit board through a lead, and the output end of the circuit board is connected to each electric device of the automatic drip irrigation assembly through a lead.

7. The solar-based automatic irrigation type water-retaining and water-cleaning green roof system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the drip irrigation pipeline is a mesh pipe network formed by connecting an irrigation main pipe and irrigation branch pipes, and a large number of irrigation holes are formed in the irrigation branch pipes.

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