CN111978297A - 一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN111978297A
CN111978297A CN201910440729.3A CN201910440729A CN111978297A CN 111978297 A CN111978297 A CN 111978297A CN 201910440729 A CN201910440729 A CN 201910440729A CN 111978297 A CN111978297 A CN 111978297A
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孟鸿
张天
缪景生
刘铭
贺耀武
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Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
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Abstract

本发明属于新材料与合成化学领域,提供一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法和应用。该类材料为含供、吸电子基团的芳杂环,苯环上连有供吸电子基团,当作为有机电致发光的主体材料时,具有双极性,可有效地调节电子与空穴的传输,使两者很好的在该主体材料上复合再传递给发光材料,从而获得高效、高稳定性长寿命的有机发光器件。

Description

一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料与合成化学领域,具体涉及一种含供、吸电子基团的有机电致发光材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
近年来,有机电致发光器件(OLED)在市场上火热兴起,华为、三星等纷纷推出柔性屏幕手机,其中OLED是其中的关键技术。OLED是基于有机材料的一种电流型半导体发光器件,它与传统的显示技术相比具有响应速度快、视角宽、色彩逼真度高、工作温度范围宽、节能并且可实现柔性显示等诸多优点。是未来平板显示及照明的主要发展方向,吸引了科研工作者们越来越多的注意力。
OLED的发光机理主客体能量转移方式或者载流子直接捕获,量子效率(QE)和寿命是有机发光二极管最重要的两个特性,主体材料的优劣直接影响器件的性能,星火的高的QE和寿命,主体材料要有以下几个性能:a)三重态能级较高,要高于客体材料,已实现激子有效转移。b)有与相邻层匹配的HOMO、LUMO能级。c)较高的电子与空穴传输能力。d)具有较低的效率滚降,以实现较长的寿命。这些就对主体材料提出了很高的要求,现有的一些材料,有的效率高,但效率滚降严重,寿命很短,没有应用价值;有的材料电子或空穴传输能力差,使驱动电压较大,造成能源的浪费。
因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展,急需一种高EQE的、寿命长的新型主体材料,获得优良的柔性有机电致发光器件,满足现代会的巨大需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于:提供一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法与应用,解决现有的有机发光材料发光效率低、寿命短的问题。
本发明的第一个方面,提供一种有机电致发光材料,具有如下通式:
Figure BDA0002071937710000021
其中,D1、D2为含苯环的供电子基团,A为含氮杂环的芳香吸电子性基团。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述D1、D2选自如下基团:
Figure BDA0002071937710000031
其中,上述基团中R1,R2为烷基或烷氧基。所述D1、D2根据材料性能差异,可以相同,也可以不同。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述R1,R2基团可为氘代基团。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述R1,R2为1-6个烷基或烷氧基,其中烷基和烷氧基含有的碳原子数小于10。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述A选自如下基团:
Figure BDA0002071937710000041
Figure BDA0002071937710000051
Figure BDA0002071937710000061
本发明的第二个方面,提供了一种有机电致发光材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、保护气氛下,将化合物1-A和叔丁醇钾放入有机溶剂中,密闭,加热反应,待冷却至室温后,快速打开盖子注入1-氯-3,5-二氟苯,快速盖上盖子,加热反应;反应结束后,分离纯化后的到第一中间体;其中1-A选自:
Figure BDA0002071937710000062
S2、保护气氛下,将所述第一中间体、联频哪醇硼酸酯、钯类催化剂放于溶剂中,反应得到第二中间体;
S3、保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、卤代化合物1-B、钯类催化剂放于干燥的溶剂中,加热反应;反应结束后,分离纯化后得到终产物;其中卤代化合物1-B选自以下物质:
Figure BDA0002071937710000071
本发明的第三个方面,提供了一种OLED发光器件,从上至下依次包括阴极、电子注入层、电子传输层、发光层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阳极,所述发光层含有本发明前述的有机电致发光主体材料。
所述方法如无特殊说明均为常规方法;所述原料如无特殊说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
实施本发明,具有如下有益效果:本申请提供的有机电致发光材料,苯环上连有供、吸电子基团,当作为有机电致发光的主体材料时,具有双极性,可有效地调节电子与空穴的传输,使两者很好的在该主体材料上复合再传递给发光材料,从而获得高效、高稳定性长寿命的有机发光器件。
附图说明
图1本发明提供的绿光OLED器件结构示意图;
图2本发明提供的红光OLED器件结构示意图;
图3本发明提供的绿光OLED器件电流密度-电压图;
图4本发明提供的绿光OLED器件亮度-电压图;
图5本发明提供的绿光OLED器件电流效率-亮度图;
图6本发明提供的绿光OLED器件能量效率-亮度图;
图7本发明提供的绿光OLED器件电致光谱图;
图8本发明提供的红光OLED器件电流密度-电压图;
图9本发明提供的红光OLED器件亮度-电压图;
图10本发明提供的红光OLED器件电流效率-亮度图;
图11本发明提供的红光OLED器件能量效率-亮度图;
图12本发明提供的红光OLED器件电致光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是所述实施例的说明,仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,其中大部分并不仅限于此。
实施例1
化合物1的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000091
步骤1:在氮气保护下,将咔唑放入C6D6的溶剂中,加入三氯化铝作为催化剂,所得混合物在室温下搅拌3h,之后加入D2O.分层,然后用CH2Cl2萃取,硫酸镁干燥有机层,并通过旋转蒸发移除挥发性物质,后进行柱层析获中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000092
步骤2:保护气氛下,将氘代咔唑、叔丁醇钾放入DMSO溶剂中,密闭,加热到120℃,反应40分钟后停止加热,带冷却至室温后,快速打开盖子注入1-氯-3,5-二氟苯,快速盖上盖子,加热到140℃,反应20小时。反应结束后,用水洗,氯仿萃取,经过干燥,柱层析分离纯化后的到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000101
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、联频哪醇硼酸酯、1,1’-双(二苯基磷钯)二茂铁二氯化钯放于1,4-二氧六环中,反应得到中间产物3(intermediate 3);
Figure BDA0002071937710000102
步骤4、保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物2-(4-溴苯基)-1-苯基-1氢-苯并咪唑、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000111
实施例2
化合物2的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000112
步骤1:在氮气保护下,将二苯胺放入C6D6的溶剂中,加入三氯化铝作为催化剂,所得混合物在室温下搅拌3h,之后加入D2O.分层,然后用CH2Cl2萃取,硫酸镁干燥有机层,并通过旋转蒸发移除挥发性物质,后进行柱层析获中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000113
步骤2:氮气条件下向无水甲苯中加入1-氯-3,5-二溴苯和二苯胺,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基磷,110℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后,采用二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000121
步骤3:氮气条件下将中间产物干燥后,加入无水1,4-二氧六环、联频哪醇硼酸酯,100℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物3(intermediate 3);
Figure BDA0002071937710000122
步骤4:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物2-(4-溴苯基)-1-苯基-1氢-苯并咪唑、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000131
实施例3
化合物3的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000132
步骤1:保护气氛下,将咔唑、叔丁醇钾放入DMSO溶剂中,密闭,加热到120℃,反应40分钟后停止加热,带冷却至室温后,快速打开盖子注入1-氯-3,5-二氟苯,快速盖上盖子,加热到140℃,反应20小时。反应结束后,用水洗,氯仿萃取,经过干燥,柱层析分离纯化后的到中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000133
步骤2:保护气氛下,将所述第一中间体、联频哪醇硼酸酯、1,1’-双(二苯基磷钯)二茂铁二氯化钯放于1,4-二氧六环中,反应得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000141
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000142
实施例4
化合物4的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000143
步骤1:氮气条件下向无水甲苯中加入1-氯-3,5-二溴苯和二苯胺,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基磷,110℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后,采用二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000151
步骤2:氮气条件下将中间产物干燥后,加入无水1,4-二氧六环、联频哪醇硼酸酯,100℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000152
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000153
实施例5
化合物5的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000161
步骤1:氮气条件下向无水甲苯中加入9-bromo-3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基磷,110℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后,采用二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000162
步骤2:氮气条件下将中间产物干燥后,加入无水1,4-二氧六环、联频哪醇硼酸酯,100℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000171
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000172
实施例6
化合物6的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000181
步骤1:氮气条件下向无水甲苯中加入9-bromo-3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基磷,110℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后,采用二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000182
步骤2:氮气条件下将中间产物干燥后,加入无水1,4-二氧六环、联频哪醇硼酸酯,100℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000191
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000192
实施例7
化合物7的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000193
步骤1:保护气氛下,将联苯硼酸酯、叔丁醇钾放入DMSO溶剂中,密闭,加热到120℃,反应40分钟后停止加热,带冷却至室温后,快速打开盖子注入1-氯-3,5-二氟苯,快速盖上盖子,加热到140℃,反应20小时。反应结束后,用水洗,氯仿萃取,经过干燥,柱层析分离纯化后的到中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000201
步骤2:保护气氛下,将所述第一中间体、联频哪醇硼酸酯、1,1’-双(二苯基磷钯)二茂铁二氯化钯放于1,4-二氧六环中,反应得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000202
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000211
实施例8
化合物的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000212
步骤1:保护气氛下,将咔唑、二苯胺、叔丁醇钾放入DMSO溶剂中,密闭,加热到120℃,反应40分钟后停止加热,带冷却至室温后,快速打开盖子注入1-氯-3,5-二氟苯,快速盖上盖子,加热到140℃,反应20小时。反应结束后,用水洗,氯仿萃取,经过干燥,柱层析分离纯化后的到中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000213
步骤2:保护气氛下,将所述第一中间体、联频哪醇硼酸酯、1,1’-双(二苯基磷钯)二茂铁二氯化钯放于1,4-二氧六环中,反应得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000221
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000222
实施例9
化合物9的制备,分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002071937710000223
步骤1:氮气条件下向无水甲苯中加入咔唑、9-bromo-3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,三叔丁基磷,110℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后,采用二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物1(intermediate 1);
Figure BDA0002071937710000231
步骤2:氮气条件下将中间产物干燥后,加入无水1,4-二氧六环、联频哪醇硼酸酯,100℃下搅拌12小时。反应冷却至室温后硅胶漏斗过滤,溶液低压浓缩后二氯甲烷和正己烷进行柱层析得到中间产物2(intermediate 2);
Figure BDA0002071937710000232
步骤3:保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、化合物、四(三苯基)磷钯放于干燥的甲苯,于110℃下反应20小时。经过水洗,萃取,柱层析分离后得到终产物。
Figure BDA0002071937710000233
实施例10
OLED器件的制备:
将1mm*16mm*1.1mm尺寸的玻璃基板(含ITO)在丙酮、水、异丙醇中各超声清洗3次,置于100℃的烘箱中20min。
在上述玻璃基板上蒸镀化合物HI 5nm,HT 30nm,EB 10nm,然后在上述层上共蒸50nm主体材料化合物1和GD或RD客体材料,以成膜形成发光层,其中GD质量浓度为10%,RD质量浓度为2%.在发光层上蒸化合物ET30nm,liq2nm,最后蒸镀100nm的铝作为阴极。
按照以上步骤制得的OLED器件的结构示意图如图1和图2所示。
ITO/HI(5nm)/HT(30nm)/EB(10nm)/化合物1-7:GD(50nm,10%)或RD(20nm,2%)/ET(30nm)/EI(2.5nm)/Al(100nm)。
上述OLED器件制备过程中所涉及的化合物分别为:
Figure BDA0002071937710000241
如上完成器件1-14后,用公知的驱动电路将阴阳极链接起来,测量器件的电流效率,发光光谱等。器件1-14的主要结构层及测试结果如下表所示:
器件 发光层结构 电流效率cd/A 色彩
1 化合物1:GD 55.4 绿色
2 化合物2:GD 62.2 绿色
3 化合物3:GD 50.3 绿色
4 化合物4:GD 51.8 绿色
5 化合物5:GD 50.3 绿色
6 化合物6:GD 60.1 绿色
7 化合物7:GD 51.0 绿色
8 化合物1:RD 30.0 红色
9 化合物2:RD 17.6 红色
10 化合物3:RD 16.5 红色
11 化合物4:RD 15.8 红色
12 化合物5:RD 21.0 红色
13 化合物6:RD 23.2 红色
14 化合物7:RD 21.3 红色
以化合物1、2为例,图3-12为实验结果。图3-7为绿光器件实验数据,图8-12红光器件实验数据。
实验结果表明:此系列的有机光电主体材料做成的OLED器件具有以下优势:
(1)具有低的启动电压。
(2)具有和好的稳定性,尤其是绿光器件。
(3)具有很高的效率,尤其是红光器件。
以上实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换,均属于本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。

Claims (8)

1.一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,具有如下通式:
Figure FDA0002071937700000011
其中,D1、D2为含苯环的供电子基团,A为含氮杂环的芳香吸电子性基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述D1、D2选自如下基团:
Figure FDA0002071937700000021
其中,上述基团中R1,R2为烷基或烷氧基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述R1,R2基团为氘代基团。
4.根据权利要求2所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述R1,R2为1-6个烷基或烷氧基,其中烷基和烷氧基含有的碳原子数小于10。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述A选自如下基团:
Figure FDA0002071937700000031
Figure FDA0002071937700000041
Figure FDA0002071937700000051
6.一种有机电致发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、保护气氛下,将化合物1-A和叔丁醇钾放入有机溶剂中,密闭,加热反应,待冷却至室温后,快速打开盖子注入1-氯-3,5-二氟苯,快速盖上盖子,加热反应;反应结束后,分离纯化后的到第一中间体;其中1-A选自:
Figure FDA0002071937700000052
S2、保护气氛下,将所述第一中间体、联频哪醇硼酸酯、钯类催化剂放于溶剂中,反应得到第二中间体;
S3、保护气氛下,将所述第二中间体、卤代化合物1-B、钯类催化剂放于干燥的溶剂中,加热反应;反应结束后,分离纯化后得到终产物;其中卤代化合物1-B选自以下物质:
Figure FDA0002071937700000061
7.一种OLED发光器件,其特征在于,从上至下依次包括阴极、电子注入层、电子传输层、发光层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阳极,所述发光层由权利要求1-5中任一所述的有机电致发光材料,或者权利要求6中制备的有机电致发光材料,制作而成。
8.权利要求1-5中任一所述的有机电致发光材料,或者权利要求6中制备的有机电致发光材料,在制备OLED器件中的应用。
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