CN111978115A - Farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system and method - Google Patents
Farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111978115A CN111978115A CN202010938219.1A CN202010938219A CN111978115A CN 111978115 A CN111978115 A CN 111978115A CN 202010938219 A CN202010938219 A CN 202010938219A CN 111978115 A CN111978115 A CN 111978115A
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008979 phosphorus utilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system and a method. The invention realizes the control and recycling of farmland nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source loss by utilizing the functions of carrying nitrogen and phosphorus by the biochar and applying the biochar as a modifier in soil. The invention has simple structure, simple and convenient operation, strong practicability and low cost, realizes the control of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point sources of soil, recycles the intercepted nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements and improves the soil quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil non-point source pollution control research, relates to a nitrogen and phosphorus loss control and nitrogen and phosphorus recycling system for a farmland, and particularly relates to a system and a method for retaining and recycling nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar in farmland soil.
Background
The application of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the farmland can obviously improve the yield of farmland crops and ensure the huge demand of grains in China, and the excessive application of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can also obviously increase the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil and cause secondary environmental problems such as eutrophication of peripheral water bodies
. According to statistics, the total amount of phosphorus runoff loss of farmland soil in 2011 in China is 6.37 ten thousand tons, and the total amount of soil nitrogen runoff loss and leaching loss are 236.54 ten thousand tons and 179.74 ten thousand tons of Yang Wanxin 2015 respectively.
The application of the slow release fertilizer can effectively improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and reduce the loss risk of the nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil
. The biochar generated by the pyrolysis of the crop residues has higher specific surface area and porosity, so that the biochar has good adsorption capacity. The biochar can be used as a carrier of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the nitrogen and phosphorus attached to the pores of the biochar are slowly released into soil, so that the effect of slowly releasing the fertilizer is achieved.
The research indicates that compared with mineral phosphate fertilizer, the phosphorus-loaded corn straw biochar fertilizer can improve the effectiveness of soil phosphorus in a long time, thereby reducing the phosphate fertilizer consumption and the loss risk of farmland soil.
The slow release fertilizer with the biochar loaded with the urea improves the maintenance and utilization of nitrogen in the soil. On the other hand, the biochar can also be directly applied to soil due to good adsorption capacity, and Sharpley et al 2015 for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss of soil is improved through the effects of adsorption, soil structure improvement and the like.
In addition to reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,many researches also utilize the biological buffer belt taking plants as main bodies to intercept nitrogen and phosphorus which are lost from farmlands so as to prevent the nitrogen and phosphorus from entering the surrounding water body
. Although the method of the biological buffer zone can better intercept nitrogen and phosphorus lost from farmland soil, the intercepted nitrogen and phosphorus are difficult to be reused in the farmland, and the problem of reduction of the utilization rate of the nitrogen and phosphorus caused by farmland nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer loss can not be solved. Therefore, research and development of a nitrogen and phosphorus circulation system for farmlands is a key for fundamentally solving the problem of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the farmlands. The biochar provides a foundation for constructing a nitrogen and phosphorus circulating system of a farmland due to the adsorption and fixation of the biochar on soil nitrogen and phosphorus and the function of the biochar as a base material of a nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release fertilizer.
Agricultural production in China faces serious farmland nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source loss and secondary environmental pollution caused by the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source loss. Simple and effective farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss control and recycling system can effectively reduce farmland non-point source pollution and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. Based on the current situation, the invention constructs a system for intercepting and recycling the nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar in farmland soil. The principle is that the biochar slow-release fertilizer loaded with nitrogen and phosphorus is firstly utilized, and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil is reduced through slow release of the fertilizer and soil improvement on the basis of ensuring the level of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. Then to the nitrogen phosphorus loss of farmland soil, collect the surface runoff through setting up biological carbon entrapment area, rely on the absorption of biological carbon and the sediment of nitrogen phosphorus to make the nitrogen phosphorus that runs off adhere to in the biological carbon of entrapment area. Finally, the biochar in the interception belt is applied to soil as a soil conditioner or a fertilizer in a proper proportion, and the recycling of the biochar in the farmland is completed. The whole system is simple and convenient in design and simple in operation, can reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmlands and improve the fertilizer utilization rate, improves the soil quality and has better practical prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to construct a farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss interception and recycling system based on biochar, which has simple and convenient structure and low cost, reduces farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss and overcomes the defect that the traditional nitrogen and phosphorus interception mode can not intercept nitrogen and phosphorus farmland for recycling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a recycling system is held back to farmland soil nitrogen phosphorus loss biochar which characterized in that it includes: applying a farmland 1 loaded with nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer, a farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2 and recycled intercepted biochar 3; the farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2 is a main functional part of the system, is located 0.5-1 meter towards the rear end in the main runoff direction of the farmland 1 applying the nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer, the intercepted biochar 3 for recycling is filled in the farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2, and the intercepted biochar for recycling can be reused to form a whole interception and recycling system in the biochar fertilizer of the farmland 1 applying the nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer after measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus content.
The invention further discloses a method for intercepting and reusing the farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) applying the farmland loaded with the nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer: the applied biochar is prepared by soaking fruit shell biochar with particle size of 2mm in 1:2 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, wherein each liter of the solution contains 100g KH2PO4And 200g KNO3Standing for 24 hours after uniformly mixing, collecting the soaked biochar by using a screen, drying the biochar in an oven at 50 ℃ for 3 days, and leaching the biochar by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 respectively to obtain the biochar with the phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen contents of 8.3 percent and 7.3 percent; the excessive potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in the biological carbon soaking solution can be repeatedly used. The application proportion of the biochar fertilizer in the field is set according to specific crop requirements, and the maximum single-season use amount cannot exceed 5 percent of the total soil mass (calculated by a soil layer of 20 cm).
(2) Zone is held back to farmland runoff biochar: the size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the monthly maximum rainfall runoff quantity which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is set to be 20-25cm, the length and the width are set according to the actual area conditions, and proper diversion facilities are required to be arranged for the farmland area without an obvious runoff direction; the interception belt is filled with 600 ℃ shell biochar with the thickness of 0.15m and the particle size of 2 mm; when rainwater or farmland irrigation produces the runoff, the runoff flows into the biochar interception belt, the runoff is blocked in the interception belt through the biochar water storage capacity, and nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff are attached to the biochar in the forms of adsorption and surface precipitation through biochar adsorption and natural moisture evaporation processes.
(3) Recycled entrapped biochar: and in the gap of collecting farmland runoff in the interception zone, respectively leaching phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and 1M sodium chloride solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, and respectively measuring the content of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen loaded on the biochar at 882nm, 275nm and 420nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Wherein the biochar in the interception belt can be directly reused in farmlands as soil conditioners.
The invention further discloses application of the farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system to interception in effectively reducing farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss and improving farmland nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate. The experimental results are detailed in the descriptions of tables 1-3:
TABLE 1 biochar fertilizer effect on nitrogen and phosphorus loss control in farmland
TABLE 2 biochar entrapment zone effect on nitrogen and phosphorus loss control in farmland
TABLE 3 Nitrogen phosphorus content of biochar in trapped zone after two months of operation
As can be seen from the results of tables 1 to 3: (1) the nitrogen and phosphorus carried biochar fertilizer can obviously reduce the runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus of farmland in the initial stage, including 59% of phosphorus loss, 69% of nitrate nitrogen loss and 53% of ammonium nitrogen loss.
(2) The existence of the biochar interception belt can obviously prevent nitrogen and phosphorus lost by field soil from diffusing to other environments. In the area with the biochar interception zone, the contents of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil after the field are 12.9%, 113.9% and 86.9% of the soil in the field. And no zones of execution of the biochar retention band were provided, with values of 87.0%, 209.1% and 102.0%.
(3) Along with the runoff evaporation in the interception belt, the biochar in the interception belt can enrich nitrogen and phosphorus lost in the farmland and can be reused in the farmland.
The invention is described in more detail below:
the farmland of the nitrogen-phosphorus-loaded biochar fertilizer is applied: the biochar is pyrolyzed at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, so that the biochar has sufficient specific surface area and porosity and better nitrogen and phosphorus carrying capacity. The particle size of the biochar is selected to be 2mm, so that the proper granularity of the fertilizer is ensured, and the requirements of transportation, storage and application are met. The nitrogen and phosphorus of the biochar are soaked in a mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate and then are dried and loaded, and the nitrogen and phosphorus are loaded on the biochar in modes of internal absorption in pores, surface precipitation and the like. The total nitrogen and phosphorus content of the biochar fertilizer needs to reach 15% of the total mass of the fertilizer, so that the total amount of the biochar in the soil after the biochar fertilizer is applied for 15-20 years does not exceed 1% of the total mass of the soil under the condition that the biochar is not aged.
And (3) laying a runoff biochar interception belt of the farmland: the interception belt charcoal is made of shell or coconut shell charcoal pyrolyzed at 500-600 ℃, so that the good adsorption capacity and specific gravity higher than that of water of the charcoal are ensured. The particle size of the biochar is 2mm, so that the biochar is convenient to transport, store and use. The size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the monthly maximum rainfall runoff quantity which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is generally set to be 20cm, and the length and the width are set according to actual area conditions. For farmland areas without obvious runoff directions, proper diversion facilities (such as diversion ditches or temporary diversion plates) need to be arranged.
And (3) recycling the biochar in farmland: and collecting the biochar at the bottom of the interception belt under the condition that the biochar is dry. Phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar are respectively leached by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and 1M sodium chloride solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 20. And respectively measuring the contents of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen carried by the biochar at 882nm (phosphomolybdic blue method), 275nm (220 nm) and 420nm (nano reagent method) by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The biochar in the interception belt can be directly reused in farmlands as a soil conditioner, and when the biochar is reused in farmlands as a fertilizer, sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus are carried by the method for preparing the biochar fertilizer carrying nitrogen and phosphorus.
The invention discloses a nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system for farmland soil, which has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the nitrogen and phosphorus carried biochar fertilizer to supply crop nutrients through fertilizer slow release, simultaneously increases the retention of the soil on nitrogen and phosphorus, and reduces the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the soil.
(2) The invention effectively reduces the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the farmland to areas outside the farmland by constructing the farmland biochar interception zone.
(3) According to the invention, the biochar in the interception zone is recycled to the farmland, so that nitrogen and phosphorus lost from the farmland are recycled, and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in the farmland is improved.
The invention mainly solves the problem that farmland nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source loss cannot be recycled after being intercepted by an interception belt, mainly considers the capability of the carried biochar fertilizer for reducing farmland nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source loss, the capability of the biochar interception belt for intercepting soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss and the effect of the biochar interception belt for recycling the intercepted nitrogen and phosphorus to farmlands, and has the main difficulty that the size of the biochar interception belt is designed, the interception belt can be ensured to accommodate enough farmland runoff, and the frequency of biochar recycling of the interception belt can be ensured to not exceed the biochar receiving capacity (1% of the total soil quality) of farmland soil within 20 years.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a schematic diagram of a system for intercepting and recycling nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar in farmland soil;
FIG. 2: a using effect diagram of a farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system; the left side is the effect of completing the layout, and the right side is the effect of operating a crop growth season;
wherein 1, farmland of the biochar fertilizer, 2, a farmland runoff biochar interception belt 3 and recycled intercepted biochar.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all technical means used in the present invention are methods well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications in the components and amounts of the materials used in these embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available.
Example 1
The utility model provides a recycling system is held back to farmland soil nitrogen phosphorus loss biochar, it includes: applying a farmland 1 loaded with nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer, a farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2 and recycled intercepted biochar 3; wherein the area is held back to farmland runoff biochar is the system major function part, is located to use the main runoff direction rear end 0.8 meters in the farmland of year nitrogen phosphorus biochar fertilizer, and the biological charcoal that holds back of retrieval and utilization is filled in the area is held back to farmland runoff biochar, accessible carry nitrogen phosphorus retrieval and utilization again behind survey nitrogen phosphorus content and constitute whole retrieval and utilization system that holds back in the biochar fertilizer of farmland 1 of using year nitrogen phosphorus biochar fertilizer.
Example 2
The method for intercepting the farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system comprises the following steps:
(1) applying the farmland loaded with the nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer: the applied biochar is prepared by soaking fruit shell biochar with particle size of 2mm in 1:2 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, wherein each liter of the solution contains 100g KH2PO4And 200g KNO3Mixing, standing for 24 hr, collecting the impregnated charcoal with screen, oven drying at 50 deg.C for 3 days, and respectively using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution to obtain solid and liquidThe contents of phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen of the biochar measured by leaching the biochar in a ratio of 1:20 are 8.3 percent and 7.3 percent; the excessive potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in the biological carbon soaking solution can be repeatedly used. The application proportion of the biochar fertilizer in the field is set according to specific crop requirements, and the maximum single-season use amount cannot exceed 5 percent of the total soil mass (calculated by a soil layer of 20 cm).
(2) Zone is held back to farmland runoff biochar: the size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the monthly maximum rainfall runoff quantity which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is set to be 20-25cm, the length and the width are set according to the actual area conditions, and proper diversion facilities are required to be arranged for the farmland area without an obvious runoff direction; the interception belt is filled with 600 ℃ shell biochar with the thickness of 0.15m and the particle size of 2 mm; when rainwater or farmland irrigation produces the runoff, the runoff flows into the biochar interception belt, the runoff is blocked in the interception belt through the biochar water storage capacity, and nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff are attached to the biochar in the forms of adsorption and surface precipitation through biochar adsorption and natural moisture evaporation processes.
(3) Recycled entrapped biochar: and in the gap of collecting farmland runoff in the interception zone, respectively leaching phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and 1M sodium chloride solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, and respectively measuring the content of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen loaded on the biochar at 882nm, 275nm and 420nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Wherein the biochar in the interception belt can be directly reused in farmlands as soil conditioners.
Example 3
Application example of nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system for soil of corn planting farmland in Baiyang lake region
Preparing and applying the biochar fertilizer: the purchased fruit shell biochar with the particle size of 2mm is soaked in a mixed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate solution with the high concentration (close to saturation) of 1:2 according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, and is kept stand for 24 hours after being uniformly mixed. The impregnated charcoal was collected with a screen and dried in an oven (Shanghai Boxun GZX-9076 MBE) at 50 ℃ for 3 days. The contents of phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen in the biochar measured by respectively leaching the biochar with 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 are 8.3 percent and 7.3 percent, and the total content is more than 15 percent. The nitrogen and phosphorus demand of each mu of land planted by the corn is about 5kg of nitrogen and 5kg of phosphorus, namely the annual usage amount of the biochar fertilizer per mu of land is about 68.5 kg. The total mass of a soil layer with the thickness of 20cm per mu of land is 185t, and the receiving amount of the biochar in one mu of land is 1850kg according to the total mass of the biochar not exceeding 1 percent of the mass of the soil. According to the current fertilizing amount, the fertilizer can be continuously applied for more than 27 years without considering the aging condition of the biochar, and the requirement of continuously applying the biochar as a fertilizer is met.
Arranging a biochar interception belt: the annual rainfall of the Baiyangtao region is about 600mm, the annual average temperature is 15 ℃, wherein July is the maximum month of rainfall, and the rainfall is about 125 mm. According to
The runoff calculation method provided has the runoff rate of about 12m per mu of field and one year of the soil of the white lake farmland3Wherein the maximum runoff per month is 2.5m3. The size of the field block of the farmland area in the embodiment is 5m multiplied by 5m, and the size of the designed biochar interception belt is 0.2m multiplied by 0.5m multiplied by 5m, so that the size requirement of the biochar interception belt is met. The interception belt is filled with 0.15m thick 600 deg.C husk biochar with particle size of 2 mm.
The application of the retaining and recycling system for nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar in farmland soil: the implementation area is divided into four farmland areas of 5m × 5m, which are numbered as 1-4, and the interval between the areas is 1 m. The planting density of the corns in each area is 5 rows, the row spacing is 0.4m, and the planting spacing in each row is 0.75 m. Biochar fertilisers were applied in zones 1 and 2 at a rate of 0.19kg nitrogen containing biochar fertiliser (i.e. 2.6kg biochar fertiliser), and zones 3 and 4 were supplemented with equal amounts of nitrogen phosphorus mineral fertiliser (i.e. 1.37kg potassium nitrate and 0.92kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate granules). Biochar retaining bands are arranged behind the areas 1 and 3, and biochar retaining bands are not arranged behind the areas 2 and 4. The entire planting test procedure starts at 12 days 6/2020 and ends at 12 days 8/2020 for two months. During the period, the farmland area irrigation adopts manual irrigation, the irrigation in each area is carried out at the same time, and the excessive water amount is manually controlled to form proper farmland runoff. In the implementation process, the contents of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in runoff water samples, field soil, soil behind the field and trapped biochar in various areas are respectively measured. The results show that:
(1) the nitrogen and phosphorus carried biochar fertilizer can obviously reduce the runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus of farmland in the initial stage, including 59% of phosphorus loss, 69% of nitrate nitrogen loss and 53% of ammonium nitrogen loss.
(2) The existence of the biochar interception belt can obviously prevent nitrogen and phosphorus lost by field soil from diffusing to other environments. In the area with the biochar interception zone, the contents of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil after the field are 12.9%, 113.9% and 86.9% of the soil in the field. And no zones of execution of the biochar retention band were provided, with values of 87.0%, 209.1% and 102.0%.
(3) Along with the runoff evaporation in the interception belt, the biochar in the interception belt can enrich nitrogen and phosphorus lost in the farmland and can be reused in the farmland. And the embodiment data show that the capacity of the biochar interception belt arranged according to the design size can ensure that the biochar interception belt can be normally used for over 900 years, and also show that the farmland area occupied by the biochar interception belt and the arrangement cost can be further reduced in practical application.
In conclusion, the farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system provided by the invention is simple and convenient in design, simple to operate, remarkable in effect, low in cost and better in production practicability.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a recycling system is held back to farmland soil nitrogen phosphorus loss biochar which characterized in that it includes: applying a farmland (1) loaded with nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer, a farmland runoff biochar interception belt (2) and recycled intercepted biochar (3); the farmland runoff biochar interception belt (2) is a main functional part of the system, is located 0.5-1 meter towards the rear end in the main runoff direction of the farmland (1) applied with the nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer, and is filled in the farmland runoff biochar interception belt (2) through the reclaimed interception biochar (3), and the reclaimed interception biochar (3) can be reused to form a whole interception and reuse system in biochar fertilizer of the farmland (1) applied with the nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer after measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus content.
2. The method for intercepting by adopting the farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) applying the farmland loaded with the nitrogen-phosphorus biochar fertilizer: the applied biochar is prepared by soaking fruit shell biochar with particle size of 2mm in 1:2 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, wherein each liter of the solution contains 100g KH2PO4And 200g KNO3Standing for 24 hours after uniformly mixing, collecting the soaked biochar by using a screen, drying the biochar in an oven at 50 ℃ for 3 days, and leaching the biochar by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 respectively to obtain the biochar with the phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen contents of 8.3 percent and 7.3 percent; the excessive potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in the biological charcoal soaking solution can be repeatedly used;
the application proportion of the biochar fertilizer in the farmland is determined according to specific crop requirements, and the maximum single-season use amount cannot exceed 5% of the total soil mass;
(2) zone is held back to farmland runoff biochar: the size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the monthly maximum rainfall runoff quantity which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is set to be 20-25cm, the length and the width are set according to the actual area conditions, and proper diversion facilities are required to be arranged for the farmland area without an obvious runoff direction; the interception belt is filled with 600 ℃ shell biochar with the thickness of 0.15m and the particle size of 2 mm; when runoff is generated by rainwater or farmland irrigation, the runoff flows into the biochar interception belt, the runoff is blocked in the interception belt through the water storage capacity of the biochar, and then nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff are attached to the biochar in the forms of adsorption and surface precipitation through the processes of biochar adsorption and natural evaporation of water;
(3) recycled entrapped biochar: and in the gap of collecting farmland runoff in the interception zone, respectively leaching phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and 1M sodium chloride solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, and respectively measuring the content of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen loaded on the biochar at 882nm, 275nm and 420nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biochar in the retentate zone can be directly recycled to the field as soil amendment.
4. The application of the farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system of claim 2 in the aspects of effectively reducing farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss and improving farmland nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate.
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