CN111978115B - System and method for intercepting and recycling biochar in farmland soil with nitrogen and phosphorus loss - Google Patents
System and method for intercepting and recycling biochar in farmland soil with nitrogen and phosphorus loss Download PDFInfo
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- CN111978115B CN111978115B CN202010938219.1A CN202010938219A CN111978115B CN 111978115 B CN111978115 B CN 111978115B CN 202010938219 A CN202010938219 A CN 202010938219A CN 111978115 B CN111978115 B CN 111978115B
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008979 phosphorus utilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000006177 biological buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000088401 Pyrus pyrifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001630 Pyrus pyrifolia var culta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for intercepting and recycling biochar in farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss, wherein the system comprises three links of farmland application of nitrogen and phosphorus biochar fertilizer, biochar interception belt of farmland runoff and farmland recycling of the interception belt of biochar. The invention realizes the control and recycling of farmland nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source loss by utilizing the function of biochar loaded with nitrogen and phosphorus and being applied to soil as an improver. The invention has simple structure, simple and convenient operation, strong practicability and low cost, realizes the recycling of the trapped nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements and improves the soil quality while controlling the loss of the nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil non-point source pollution control research, relates to farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss control and nitrogen and phosphorus recycling systems, and in particular relates to a farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system and method.
Background
The application of the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can obviously increase the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil and cause secondary environmental problems such as eutrophication of surrounding water bodies while obviously improving the yield of farmland crops and guaranteeing the huge grain demands of China. According to statistics, the total loss amount of phosphorus runoff of farmland soil in China in 2011 is 6.37 ten thousand tons, and the total loss amount of nitrogen runoff of soil and the total loss amount of leaching are 236.54 ten thousand tons and 179.74 ten thousand tons Yang Wangxin 2015 respectively.
The application of the slow-release fertilizer can effectively improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and reduce the loss risk of the slow-release fertilizer. The biochar generated by pyrolysis of the crop residues has higher specific surface area and porosity, thus having good adsorption capacity. The biochar can be used as a carrier of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the nitrogen and phosphorus attached to the pores of the biochar are slowly released into soil, so that the effect of slow release fertilizer is achieved. />The research indicates that compared with mineral phosphate fertilizer, the phosphorus-loaded corn straw biochar fertilizer can improve the validity of soil phosphorus in a long time, thereby reducing the phosphate fertilizer consumption and the loss risk of farmland soil. />The slow release fertilizer with urea carried by the biochar improves the maintenance and utilization of nitrogen in soil. On the other hand, the biochar can be directly applied to soil due to good adsorption capacity, and can be extracted by adsorbing and improving soil structureControl of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss by liter Sharpley et al 2015.
Besides reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, a plurality of researches also utilize biological buffer belts taking plants as main bodies to intercept the nitrogen and phosphorus lost from farmlands so as to prevent the nitrogen and phosphorus from entering surrounding water bodies. Although the biological buffer belt can better intercept nitrogen and phosphorus lost from farmland soil, the intercepted nitrogen and phosphorus are difficult to recycle in farmland, and the problem of reduced nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate caused by farmland nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer loss cannot be solved. Therefore, research and development of a farmland nitrogen and phosphorus circulation system is a key for fundamentally solving the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the farmland. The biochar provides a foundation for constructing a farmland nitrogen-phosphorus circulation system due to the adsorption and fixation of the biochar to soil nitrogen-phosphorus and the action of the biochar serving as a nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release fertilizer base material.
Agricultural production in China faces serious farmland nitrogen and phosphorus surface source loss and secondary environmental pollution caused by the serious farmland nitrogen and phosphorus surface source loss. The simple and effective farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss control and recycling system can effectively reduce farmland non-point source pollution and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. Based on the current situation, the invention constructs a biological carbon interception and recycling system for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil. The principle is that firstly, the biochar slow-release fertilizer carrying nitrogen and phosphorus is utilized, and on the basis of guaranteeing the nitrogen and phosphorus level of the soil, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus of the soil is reduced through slow release of the fertilizer and soil improvement. And then, aiming at nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil, collecting surface runoff by arranging a biological carbon interception belt, and attaching the lost nitrogen and phosphorus in the biological carbon in the interception belt by means of adsorption of the biological carbon and precipitation of the nitrogen and the phosphorus. Finally, the biochar in the interception zone is used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer to be applied to soil in proper proportion, so that the recycling of farmland biochar is completed. The whole system has simple design and simple operation, can simultaneously reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmlands and improve the fertilizer utilization rate, improves the soil quality, and has better practical prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to construct a farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss interception and recycling system based on biochar, which has simple structure and low cost, reduces farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and makes up the defect that the farmland recycling of intercepting nitrogen and phosphorus cannot be realized by the traditional nitrogen and phosphorus interception mode.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system is characterized by comprising: a farmland 1 carrying nitrogen and phosphorus biochar fertilizer, a farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2 and recycled interception biochar 3 are applied; the farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2 is a main functional part of the system, is positioned at the rear end 0.5-1 m in the main runoff direction of the farmland 1 for applying the nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer, the recycled interception biochar 3 is filled in the farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2, and the recycled interception biochar can enter the biochar fertilizer of the farmland 1 for applying the nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer through re-loading of nitrogen and phosphorus after the nitrogen and phosphorus content is measured to form the whole interception recycling system.
The invention further discloses a method for intercepting and recycling the biological carbon for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Farmland with nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer is applied: the applied biochar is prepared by soaking shell biochar with particle size of 2mm in 1:2 high-concentration mixed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate solution according to solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, wherein each liter of solution contains 100g KH 2 PO 4 And 200g KNO 3 Uniformly mixing, standing for 24 hours, collecting impregnated biochar by using a screen, drying in an oven at 50 ℃ for 3 days, and leaching the biochar by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 to obtain biochar phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen contents of 8.3% and 7.3%; excess potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in the soaked biochar solution can be repeatedly used. The application proportion of the biochar fertilizer in the farmland is formulated according to specific crop requirements, and the maximum dosage in a single season cannot exceed 5% of the total mass of soil (calculated according to a 20cm soil layer).
(2) Farmland runoff biochar interception belt: the size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the maximum rainfall runoff amount of each month which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is set to be 20-25cm, the length and the width are set according to the actual area conditions, and proper diversion facilities are required to be arranged for the farmland area without obvious runoff direction; the entrapping belt is filled with 0.15m thick shell biochar with a particle diameter of 2mm and at 600 ℃; when rainwater or farmland irrigation produces runoff, the runoff flows into the biochar interception belt, the runoff is blocked in the interception belt through the water storage capacity of the biochar, and then nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff are attached to the biochar in the form of adsorption and surface precipitation through the processes of the biochar adsorption and the natural evaporation of water.
(3) And (3) recycling the entrapped biochar: and (3) respectively leaching phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar by using a 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and a 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 in a gap for collecting farmland runoffs in a interception zone, and respectively measuring the content of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen carried by the biochar at 882nm, 275nm and 420nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The biochar in the interception belt can be directly reused in farmlands to serve as a soil conditioner.
The invention further discloses an application of the interception method of the biological carbon interception and recycling system for farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the aspects of effectively reducing farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss and improving farmland nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate. The experimental results are detailed in the descriptions of tables 1 to 3:
TABLE 1 biological carbon fertilizer effect on controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland
TABLE 2 biological carbon interception zone has effect of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland
Table 3 trapped band biochar nitrogen and phosphorus content after two months of operation
From the results in tables 1 to 3, it can be seen that: (1) The nitrogen-phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer can obviously reduce the initial runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmlands, including 59% of phosphorus loss, 69% of nitrate nitrogen loss and 53% of ammonium nitrogen loss.
(2) The existence of the biochar interception belt can obviously prevent nitrogen and phosphorus lost by the field soil from diffusing into other environments. The phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents in the field soil in the areas with the biochar interception zones are 12.9%, 113.9% and 86.9% of the field soil. And no implementation area of the biochar trapping belt was provided, which was 87.0%, 209.1% and 102.0%.
(3) Along with the runoff evaporation in the interception belt, the biochar in the interception belt can enrich nitrogen and phosphorus lost by farmlands and can be reused in farmlands.
The invention is described in more detail below:
farmland application of nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer: the biochar is pyrolyzed at 500-600 ℃ to ensure that the biochar has sufficient specific surface area and porosity and better nitrogen-phosphorus loading capacity. The particle size of the biochar is 2mm, so that proper granularity of the fertilizer is ensured, and the requirements of transportation, storage and application are met. The biochar nitrogen and phosphorus are carried on the biochar in modes of pore absorption, surface precipitation and the like by drying and carrying after being soaked by adopting a mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate. The total content of the nitrogen and the phosphorus of the biochar needs to reach 15% of the total mass of the fertilizer so as to ensure that the total amount of the biochar in the soil after 15-20 years of application of the biochar fertilizer can not exceed 1% of the total mass of the soil under the condition that the biochar is considered to be not aged.
The farmland runoff biochar interception belt is arranged: the trapped band biochar is selected from fruit shell or coconut shell biochar pyrolyzed at 500-600 ℃ so as to ensure good adsorption capacity and specific gravity higher than water of the biochar. The particle size of the biochar is 2mm, so that the biochar is convenient to transport, store and use. The size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the maximum rainfall runoff per month which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is generally set to be 20cm, and the length and width are set according to actual area conditions. For farmland areas without obvious runoff direction, proper diversion facilities (such as diversion trenches or temporary diversion plates) are required to be arranged.
Reuse of farmland for intercepting biochar: and collecting biochar at the bottom of the interception belt under the condition that the interception belt collects gaps of farmland runoff and the biochar is dried. Phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar were leached separately using a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 with a 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and a 1M sodium chloride solution. The contents of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen carried by the biochar are respectively measured at 882nm (phosphomolybdic blue method), 275nm (220 nm) and 420nm (Nashi reagent method) by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The biochar in the interception belt can be directly recycled to farmland as a soil conditioner, and when the biochar is recycled to farmland as a fertilizer, a preparation method of the nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer is utilized to load enough nitrogen and phosphorus.
The farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention utilizes the biochar fertilizer carrying nitrogen and phosphorus to slowly release and supply crop nutrients through the fertilizer, and simultaneously increases the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus by soil, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus of the soil.
(2) The method effectively reduces the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the farmland to the area outside the farmland by constructing the farmland biochar interception belt.
(3) The invention realizes the reutilization of nitrogen and phosphorus lost from farmland by recycling the biochar in the interception zone into farmland, and improves the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland.
The invention mainly solves the problem that the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus surface source cannot be recycled after losing the intercepting belt, and mainly examines the capability of the loaded biochar fertilizer to reduce the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus surface source loss, the capability of the biochar intercepting belt to intercept the soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss and the effect of the intercepting belt biochar in recycling the intercepted nitrogen and phosphorus to farmlands, and has the main difficulties that the design of the size of the biochar intercepting belt is required to ensure that the intercepting belt can accommodate enough farmland runoff and the recycling frequency of the intercepting belt biochar can ensure that the biochar receiving capacity (1% of the total soil mass) of farmland soil cannot be exceeded within 20 years.
Drawings
Fig. 1: schematic diagram of biological carbon interception and recycling system for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil;
fig. 2: the farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system is provided with a use effect diagram; the left side is the layout completion effect, and the right side is the effect of running one crop growing season;
wherein 1, farmlands of the biochar fertilizer, 2, farmland runoff biochar interception belts 3 and recycled interception biochar.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. The technical means used in the present invention are methods well known to those skilled in the art unless specifically stated. Further, the embodiments should be construed as illustrative, and not limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims. Various changes or modifications to the materials ingredients and amounts used in these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The raw materials used in the invention are all commercially available.
Example 1
A farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system comprises: a farmland 1 carrying nitrogen and phosphorus biochar fertilizer, a farmland runoff biochar interception belt 2 and recycled interception biochar 3 are applied; the farmland runoff biochar interception belt is a main functional part of the system, is positioned at the rear end 0.8 m in the main runoff direction of the farmland applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-loaded biochar fertilizer, and the recycled interception biochar is filled in the farmland runoff biochar interception belt, and can be recycled into the biochar fertilizer of the farmland 1 applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-loaded biochar fertilizer by re-attaching nitrogen-phosphorus after measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus content to form the whole interception recycling system.
Example 2
The method for intercepting and recycling the biological carbon for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Farmland with nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer is applied: the applied biochar is prepared by soaking shell biochar with particle size of 2mm in 1:2 high-concentration mixed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate solution according to solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, wherein each liter of solution contains 100g KH 2 PO 4 And 200g KNO 3 Mixing, standing for 24 hr, and sievingCollecting impregnated biochar, drying in an oven at 50 ℃ for 3 days, and leaching the biochar with 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 to obtain biochar phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen contents of 8.3% and 7.3%; excess potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in the soaked biochar solution can be repeatedly used. The application proportion of the biochar fertilizer in the farmland is formulated according to specific crop requirements, and the maximum dosage in a single season cannot exceed 5% of the total mass of soil (calculated according to a 20cm soil layer).
(2) Farmland runoff biochar interception belt: the size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the maximum rainfall runoff amount of each month which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is set to be 20-25cm, the length and the width are set according to the actual area conditions, and proper diversion facilities are required to be arranged for the farmland area without obvious runoff direction; the entrapping belt is filled with 0.15m thick shell biochar with a particle diameter of 2mm and at 600 ℃; when rainwater or farmland irrigation produces runoff, the runoff flows into the biochar interception belt, the runoff is blocked in the interception belt through the water storage capacity of the biochar, and then nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff are attached to the biochar in the form of adsorption and surface precipitation through the processes of the biochar adsorption and the natural evaporation of water.
(3) And (3) recycling the entrapped biochar: and (3) respectively leaching phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar by using a 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and a 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 in a gap for collecting farmland runoffs in a interception zone, and respectively measuring the content of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen carried by the biochar at 882nm, 275nm and 420nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The biochar in the interception belt can be directly reused in farmlands to serve as a soil conditioner.
Example 3
Application example of biological carbon interception and recycling system for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of corn planting farmland in white lake region
Preparing and applying biochar fertilizer: the purchased shell biochar with the particle size of 2mm is soaked in a 1:2 high-concentration (nearly saturated) mixed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, and the mixture is kept stand for 24 hours after uniform mixing. The impregnated biochar was collected with a screen and dried in an oven (Shanghai Bo GZX-9076 MBE) at 50deg.C for 3 days. The contents of biochar phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen are 8.3% and 7.3% respectively, and the total is more than 15% as measured by leaching the biochar with 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20. The requirement of the corn planting per mu of land is about 5kg of nitrogen and 5kg of phosphorus, namely the annual biochar fertilizer consumption per mu of land is about 68.5kg. The total mass of soil layers with the thickness of 20cm per mu of land is 185t, and the total mass of the biochar is not more than 1% of the mass of soil, and the receiving amount of the biochar per mu of land is 1850kg. According to the current fertilizing amount, the continuous fertilizing can be carried out for more than 27 years without considering the aging condition of the biochar, thereby meeting the requirement of continuously applying the biochar as fertilizer.
The biochar interception belt is arranged: the annual rainfall in the region of the white lake is about 600mm, the annual average temperature is 15 ℃, wherein July is the largest month of rainfall, and the rainfall is about 125mm. According toThe runoff calculating method provided by the utility model has the runoff of about 12m for one mu of land and one year of white lake farmland soil 3 Wherein the maximum runoff per month is 2.5m 3 . The farmland area block size in the embodiment is 5m multiplied by 5m, the designed biochar interception belt size is 0.2m multiplied by 0.5m multiplied by 5m, and the size requirement of the biochar interception belt is met. The entrapping belt was filled with 0.15m thick 600℃shell biochar with a particle size of 2 mm.
The application of the biological carbon interception and recycling system for farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss is as follows: the implement area is divided into four farmland areas with the number of 5m multiplied by 5m, the number is 1-4, and the interval between the areas is 1m. The corn planting density in each area is 5 rows, the row spacing is 0.4m, and the plant spacing in each row is 0.75m. Areas 1 and 2 were applied with biochar fertilizer in an amount of 0.19kg of biochar fertilizer containing nitrogen (i.e., 2.6kg of biochar fertilizer) and areas 3 and 4 were added with equal amounts of nitrogen-phosphorous fertilizer (i.e., 1.37kg of potassium nitrate and 0.92kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles). The biochar interception belts are arranged behind the areas 1 and 3, and the biochar interception belts are not arranged behind the areas 2 and 4. The whole planting test process starts from 6 months and 12 days in 2020 to 8 months and 12 days in 2020, and lasts for two months. During the period, the farmland irrigation adopts manual irrigation, each area is irrigated at equal time, and excessive water quantity is manually controlled to form proper farmland runoff. In the implementation process, the contents of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in runoff water samples, field soil, soil after the field and trapped biochar in each area are respectively measured. The results show that:
(1) The nitrogen-phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer can obviously reduce the initial runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmlands, including 59% of phosphorus loss, 69% of nitrate nitrogen loss and 53% of ammonium nitrogen loss.
(2) The existence of the biochar interception belt can obviously prevent nitrogen and phosphorus lost by the field soil from diffusing into other environments. The phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents in the field soil in the areas with the biochar interception zones are 12.9%, 113.9% and 86.9% of the field soil. And no implementation area of the biochar trapping belt was provided, which was 87.0%, 209.1% and 102.0%.
(3) Along with the runoff evaporation in the interception belt, the biochar in the interception belt can enrich nitrogen and phosphorus lost by farmlands and can be reused in farmlands. The embodiment data show that the capacity of the biochar intercepting belt distributed according to the design size can ensure that the biochar intercepting belt can be normally used for more than 900 years, and the farmland area occupied by the biochar intercepting belt distribution and the distribution cost can be further reduced in practical application.
In conclusion, the biological carbon interception and recycling system for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil provided by the invention has the advantages of simple design, simplicity in operation, remarkable effect, low cost and better production practicability.
Claims (4)
1. A farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and reuse system is characterized by comprising: a farmland (1) carrying nitrogen and phosphorus biochar fertilizer, a farmland runoff biochar interception belt (2) and recycled interception biochar (3) are applied; the farmland runoff biochar interception belt (2) is a main functional part of the system, is positioned at the rear end of the farmland (1) applied with the nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer in the main runoff direction and is 0.5-1 m, the recycled interception biochar (3) is filled in the farmland runoff biochar interception belt (2), and the recycled interception biochar (3) enters the biochar fertilizer applied with the nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer through re-loading after the nitrogen and phosphorus content is measured to form the whole interception recycling system.
2. The method for intercepting and recycling the biological carbon for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil by adopting the system for intercepting and recycling the biological carbon for nitrogen and phosphorus loss of farmland soil according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Farmland with nitrogen and phosphorus loaded biochar fertilizer is applied: the applied biochar is prepared by immersing the shell biochar with the particle size of 2mm in a 1:2 high-concentration mixed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, wherein each liter of solution contains 100gKH PO4 and 200g KNO3, standing for 24 hours after mixing uniformly, collecting the immersed biochar by using a screen, drying for 3 days at 50 ℃ in an oven, and respectively leaching the biochar according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 by using 0.5M sodium bicarbonate and 1M sodium chloride solution to obtain the biochar with phosphorus content and nitrate nitrogen content of 8.3% and 7.3%; soaking excessive potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate in the biochar solution for repeated use; the application proportion of the biochar fertilizer in the farmland is formulated according to specific crop requirements, and the maximum dosage in a single season cannot exceed 5% of the total mass of soil;
(2) Farmland runoff biochar interception belt: the size of the biochar interception belt is designed according to the maximum rainfall runoff amount of each month which can be generated in a farmland area, the depth of the interception belt is set to be 20-25cm, the length and the width are set according to the actual area conditions, and proper diversion facilities are required to be arranged for the farmland area without obvious runoff direction; the entrapping belt is filled with shell biochar obtained by pyrolysis at 600 ℃ with the particle diameter of 2mm and the thickness of 0.15 m; when rainwater or farmland irrigation generates runoff, the runoff flows into a biochar interception belt, the runoff is blocked in the interception belt through the water storage capacity of the biochar, and then nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff are attached to the biochar in the form of adsorption and surface precipitation through the processes of the biochar adsorption and the natural evaporation of water;
(3) And (3) recycling the entrapped biochar: and (3) respectively leaching phosphorus and nitrogen in the biochar by using a 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution and a 1M sodium chloride solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 in a gap for collecting farmland runoffs in a interception zone, and respectively measuring the content of phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen carried by the biochar at 882nm, 275nm and 420nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the biochar in the retention zone is directly recycled to the farmland as a soil amendment.
4. The application of the interception method of the biological carbon interception and recycling system for farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the aspect of effectively reducing farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss and improving farmland nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate.
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