CN111977850A - 重金属废水减量浓缩技术 - Google Patents
重金属废水减量浓缩技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了重金属废水减量浓缩技术,包括含铜冲洗水处理系统、含钴冲洗水处理系统、含锌冲洗水处理系统、含铬冲洗水处理系统、中水处理系统、纯水系统和超纯水系统;含铜冲洗水处理系统:生箔冲洗水首先进入含铜冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,先经多介质过滤,并修正PH、加非氧化性杀菌剂送入后级保安过滤器。本发明通过含铜冲洗水处理系统、含钴冲洗水处理系统、含锌冲洗水处理系统、含铬冲洗水处理系统、中水处理系统、纯水系统和超纯水系统,达到对水中铜、钴、锌和铬元素清除的效果,也达到对各类水处理的效果,从而解决了当水中重金属含量过多时,会对人体造成影响,也会影响人们的正常使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水处理设备技术领域,具体为重金属废水减量浓缩技术。
背景技术
水是由氢、氧两种元素组成的无机物,无毒,在常温常压下为无色无味的透明液体,被称为人类生命的源泉,水,包括天然水(河流、湖泊、大气水、海水、地下水等){含杂质},水是地球上最常见的物质之一,是包括无机化合、人类在内所有生命生存的重要资源,也是生物体最重要的组成部分,水在人们日常生活中起到重要的作用,而且人们在使用过水后,水中会含有大量的重金属,当水中重金属含量过多时,会对人体造成影响,也会影响人们的正常使用,为此,我们提出重金属废水减量浓缩技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供重金属废水减量浓缩技术,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:重金属废水减量浓缩技术,包括含铜冲洗水处理系统、含钴冲洗水处理系统、含锌冲洗水处理系统、含铬冲洗水处理系统、中水处理系统、纯水系统和超纯水系统;
含铜冲洗水处理系统:生箔冲洗水首先进入含铜冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,先经多介质过滤,并修正PH、加非氧化性杀菌剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入含铜产水池,再经二级分离膜系统,产水进入冲洗水回用水池;浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含铜冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含钴冲洗水处理系统:含钴冲洗水首先进入含钴冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含钴冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含锌冲洗水处理系统:含锌冲洗水首先进入含锌冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含锌冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含铬冲洗水处理系统:含铬冲洗水进入含铬收集池,通过提升泵提升送入一级还原槽,在一级还原中同时进行PH调整和加入亚硫酸氢钠还原剂,一级还原槽出水自流进入二级还原槽,以其使Cr6+在酸性条件下充分还原成Cr3+,还原后的Cr3+排放水由二级还原槽自流进入还原水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含铬冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
中水处理系统:接纳所有各类冲洗水、再生水、清洗水及杂排水,污水,浓缩RO产水,中水UF、RO冲洗水,蒸发系统产水进入污水调节池,加药后通过三级反应、絮凝等,再经沉淀后进入排放水池,沉淀污泥进入浓缩池,经压滤泵输送至压滤机泥水分离,滤液回流至废水调节池,泥饼外运处理;
纯水系统:纯水系统的原水为各回用水系统的RO产水,在冲洗水回用水池收集后,先经一级RO进行预脱盐处理,再由二级RO进行精脱盐,(混床做预留)纯水进入纯水池后由供水泵供生产工艺用水,混床的再生清洗废水进入中水回用的污水处理设备进行处理;
超纯水系统:原水先进行一级RO处理,经一级反渗透后,淡水进入中间水池;浓水直接进入浓水RO(2-3RO)进行二次回收,浓水RO的产水进入原水池回用,浓水经除硬设备除硬后一部分供给厂区洒水降尘,剩余部分进入中水系统回用,中间水池的水经再经二级反渗透深度处理后,浓水进入补充水池,淡水进入1-1产水池,再由水泵提升,进入保安滤器再送入EDI装置进行精脱盐处理,产出高纯水进入超纯水箱,并由超水供水泵加压提升,经抛光混床进行水质保证,再由紫外线杀菌器进行TOC降解、微过滤器进行终端过滤后供用水点用水。
优选的,所述二级浓水箱的浓水再由浓缩RO浓缩装置进行多段循环浓缩,产水回流至污水集水池进行回用处理,浓液进入浓液箱,供生产工艺回用,多余部分进入后级蒸发系统处理。
优选的,所述在一级还原槽和二级还原中加酸和加还原剂的同时进行连续搅拌,并采用PH仪表和ORP仪表自动监控检测还原效果。
优选的,所述在对污水PH值调整后,再由三级膜分离进行全量回用处理,回收的水全部进入冲洗水回用水池回用,最终浓液和冲洗水多余浓液、生产工艺的废液合并后通过MVR蒸发器进行蒸发处理,水中的各类污染物和TDS形成固废处置。
优选的,所述一级RO的浓水部分作过滤器的反洗水,反洗后的污水进入中水回用收集池处理(反洗后的污水可替代自来水RO浓水作为过滤器反洗水,减少自来水中的钙结垢隐患)。
优选的,所述超纯水系统的进水主要为中水回用水一级产水、冲洗水回用水RO产水、2-3RO产水和2-2RO的浓水,不足用自来水补足。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过含铜冲洗水处理系统、含钴冲洗水处理系统、含锌冲洗水处理系统、含铬冲洗水处理系统、中水处理系统、纯水系统和超纯水系统,达到对水中铜、钴、锌和铬元素清除的效果,也达到对各类水处理的效果,方便人们对水循环利用,从而解决了当水中重金属含量过多时,会对人体造成影响,也会影响人们的正常使用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种技术方案:
重金属废水减量浓缩技术,包括含铜冲洗水处理系统、含钴冲洗水处理系统、含锌冲洗水处理系统、含铬冲洗水处理系统、中水处理系统、纯水系统和超纯水系统;
含铜冲洗水处理系统:生箔冲洗水首先进入含铜冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,先经多介质过滤,并修正PH、加非氧化性杀菌剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入含铜产水池,再经二级分离膜系统,产水进入冲洗水回用水池;浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含铜冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含钴冲洗水处理系统:含钴冲洗水首先进入含钴冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含钴冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含锌冲洗水处理系统:含锌冲洗水首先进入含锌冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含锌冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱,二级浓水箱的浓水再由浓缩RO浓缩装置进行多段循环浓缩,产水回流至污水集水池进行回用处理,浓液进入浓液箱,供生产工艺回用,多余部分进入后级蒸发系统处理;
含铬冲洗水处理系统:含铬冲洗水进入含铬收集池,通过提升泵提升送入一级还原槽,在一级还原中同时进行PH调整和加入亚硫酸氢钠还原剂,一级还原槽出水自流进入二级还原槽,以其使Cr6+在酸性条件下充分还原成Cr3+,还原后的Cr3+排放水由二级还原槽自流进入还原水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含铬冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱,在一级还原槽和二级还原中加酸和加还原剂的同时进行连续搅拌,并采用PH仪表和ORP仪表自动监控检测还原效果;
中水处理系统:接纳所有各类冲洗水、再生水、清洗水及杂排水,污水,浓缩RO产水,中水UF、RO冲洗水,蒸发系统产水进入污水调节池,加药后通过三级反应、絮凝等,再经沉淀后进入排放水池,沉淀污泥进入浓缩池,经压滤泵输送至压滤机泥水分离,滤液回流至废水调节池,泥饼外运处理,在对污水PH值调整后,再由三级膜分离进行全量回用处理,回收的水全部进入冲洗水回用水池回用,最终浓液和冲洗水多余浓液、生产工艺的废液合并后通过MVR蒸发器进行蒸发处理,水中的各类污染物和TDS形成固废处置;经自来水原水泵增压后送入多介质过滤器,该过滤器上层过滤介质为精选的椰壳活性炭颗粒,细石英砂,下层为精选的粗石英砂,主要用于去除水中悬浮物及不溶固体颗粒,多介质过滤器内部装填有椰壳活性炭颗粒,该颗粒的多微孔结构可吸附水中有机物和游离氯,同时可去除水中异味,多介质过滤器设置有进水流量计、进出水压力表、进出水取样阀,操作面板为气动蝶阀,活性炭过滤器设置有进出水压力表、出水取样阀,操作面板为气动蝶阀;
纯水系统:纯水系统的原水为各回用水系统的RO产水,在冲洗水回用水池收集后,先经一级RO进行预脱盐处理,再由二级RO进行精脱盐,(混床做预留)纯水进入纯水池后由供水泵供生产工艺用水,混床的再生清洗废水进入中水回用的污水处理设备进行处理,一级RO的浓水部分作过滤器的反洗水,反洗后的污水进入中水回用收集池处理(反洗后的污水可替代自来水RO浓水作为过滤器反洗水,减少自来水中的钙结垢隐患);
超纯水系统:原水先进行一级RO处理,经一级反渗透后,淡水进入中间水池;浓水直接进入浓水RO(2-3RO)进行二次回收,浓水RO的产水进入原水池回用,浓水经除硬设备除硬后一部分供给厂区洒水降尘,剩余部分进入中水系统回用,中间水池的水经再经二级反渗透深度处理后,浓水进入补充水池,淡水进入1-1产水池,再由水泵提升,进入保安滤器再送入EDI装置进行精脱盐处理,产出高纯水进入超纯水箱,并由超水供水泵加压提升,经抛光混床进行水质保证,再由紫外线杀菌器进行TOC降解、微过滤器进行终端过滤后供用水点用水,超纯水系统的进水主要为中水回用水一级产水、冲洗水回用水RO产水、2-3RO产水和2-2RO的浓水,不足用自来水补足;反渗透的工作过程是原水在膜的一侧从一端流向另一端,水分子透过膜表面,从原水侧到达另一侧,而无机盐离子就留在原来的一侧,随着原水的流程逐渐增长,水分子不断从原水中取走,留在原水中的含盐量逐步增大,即原水逐步得到浓缩,而最终成为浓水,从装置中排出自然水源中Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Sr2+、HCO3-、SO42-、SiO2等倾向于产生结垢的离子浓度积一般都小于其平衡常数,所以不会有结垢出现,但经浓缩后,各种离子的浓度积都有可能大大超过平衡常数,因此会产生严重的结垢,判断不结垢的标准是:(a)对于碳酸盐垢以朗格利尔指数(LSI)为基准;当LSI<0时不结垢,LSI>0时结垢;(b)对于硫酸盐垢,是以饱和指数来确定的,水中阳、阴离子的浓度积与饱和平衡常数的比值即为饱和指数,当饱和指数小于1时不结垢,反之就会出现结垢;在反渗透前加入氢氧化钠以调节产水的PH值在合理范围内,无论预处理如何彻底,反渗透经过长期使用后,反渗透膜表面仍会受到结垢的污染;自来水的产水、含铜、钴、锌、铬RO系统产水进入过滤清水池,通过RO给水泵增压、紫外线杀菌的水进入大流量过滤器过滤后,高压泵增压进入RO1反渗透系统,为确保进水水质,在反渗透系统之前设有5微米保安过滤器进行处理,“加阻垢剂”系统向水中投加分散型阻垢剂以防止钙、镁离子在R/O膜表面结垢,反渗透系统采用了目前最先进的芳香族聚酰胺复合膜,可有效阻挡水中各类离子、细菌、病毒及有机物,使水质得到全面纯化;EDI装置又叫连续电解除盐技术,是一种将离子交换技术,离子交换膜技术和离子电迁移技术相结合的纯水制造技术,它巧妙的将电渗析和离子交换技术相结合,利用两端电极高压使水中带电离子移动,并配合离子交换树脂及选择性树脂膜以加速离子移动去除,从而达到水纯化的目的,在EDI除盐过程中,离子在电场作用下通过离子交换膜被清除,同时水分子在电场作用下产生氢离子和氢氧根离子,这些离子对离子交换树脂进行连续再生,以使离子交换树脂保持最佳状态;反渗透系统设置一台主控盘,在盘上可读出反渗透的有关工艺参数(如进水电导率、产水电导率、PH值,进水流量、产水流量和浓水流量);现场有压力表盘和带就地显示的压力传感器,可直接在现场和中控室电脑上读出相应的参数和运行情况,在操作盘上可启动、停止反渗透进水高压泵、清洗泵、原水泵,高压泵出水口装有高压保护开关,以确保RO膜的安全运行,EDI系统设置一台操作盘,在盘上可读出EDI的有关工艺参数(如各EDI模块的产水电阻率、总产水电阻率及EDI各模块的运行电压和电流);在操作盘上可启动、停止EDI增压泵、电源模块,EDI浓水装有流量开关,以确保EDI的安全运行;抛光混床又称一次性混床,内装有抛光树脂,一般用于纯水系统的末端,用来进一步提高纯水的水质,抛光混床的树脂是不能现生重复使用的,失效后必须重新更换树脂,抛光混床给水泵吸入EDI产水箱里的氮封产水进入抛光混床,经混床树脂交换水里的离子后得到更纯净的高纯水进入高纯水氮封水箱以作备用,其工作原理为:抛光混床一般出水的水质都能达到18 MΩ.cm以上,以及对TOC、SiO2都有一定的控制能力,抛光树脂是由氢型强酸性阳离子交换树脂及氢氧型阴离子交换树脂混合而成,在作业中如需加入水以方便装填时,请注意一定要使用纯水,水份不宜太多,同时需要在树脂进入树脂床后立即将水抽出或排掉,避免树脂的分层,如需用手装填树脂时,务必将手洗净或带耐酸手套,切勿将油脂带入树脂床内,使用FRP混床当作树脂床时,应先将集水管留置于混床中再装填树脂,在装填过程中,应不定时的摇晃集水管,如此才能调整集水管的位置并安装上盖,树脂装填完接上管线后,应将混床的通气孔打开并缓慢通入水,直至通气孔溢水且不再有气泡产生后将通气孔紧闭,开始产水;更换新树脂时,需要完全的清洗混床及集水器,不得有老旧树脂残留在混床底部,否则这些使用近的树脂将会污染产水的水质,每次换装时需要检查相关的零配件,如有破损必须立即更换,检查集水器如有堵塞,必须及时清除干净。
本发明通过含铜冲洗水处理系统、含钴冲洗水处理系统、含锌冲洗水处理系统、含铬冲洗水处理系统、中水处理系统、纯水系统和超纯水系统,达到对水中铜、钴、锌和铬元素清除的效果,也达到对各类水处理的效果,方便人们对水循环利用,从而解决了当水中重金属含量过多时,会对人体造成影响,也会影响人们的正常使用。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (6)
1.重金属废水减量浓缩技术,其特征在于:包括含铜冲洗水处理系统、含钴冲洗水处理系统、含锌冲洗水处理系统、含铬冲洗水处理系统、中水处理系统、纯水系统和超纯水系统;
含铜冲洗水处理系统:生箔冲洗水首先进入含铜冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,先经多介质过滤,并修正PH、加非氧化性杀菌剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入含铜产水池,再经二级分离膜系统,产水进入冲洗水回用水池;浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含铜冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含钴冲洗水处理系统:含钴冲洗水首先进入含钴冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含钴冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含锌冲洗水处理系统:含锌冲洗水首先进入含锌冲洗水集水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含锌冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
含铬冲洗水处理系统:含铬冲洗水进入含铬收集池,通过提升泵提升送入一级还原槽,在一级还原中同时进行PH调整和加入亚硫酸氢钠还原剂,一级还原槽出水自流进入二级还原槽,以其使Cr6+在酸性条件下充分还原成Cr3+,还原后的Cr3+排放水由二级还原槽自流进入还原水池,再由提升泵提升,并修正PH、进入多介质过滤器,加阻垢剂送入后级保安过滤器,再经高压泵升压进入一级分离膜系统,产水自流进入冲洗水回用水池,浓水自流进入一级浓水箱,再由二级分离膜系统进行水的回收处理,产水回流至含铬冲洗水集水池进行循环处理,浓水进入二级浓水箱;
中水处理系统:接纳所有各类冲洗水、再生水、清洗水及杂排水,污水,浓缩RO产水,中水UF、RO冲洗水,蒸发系统产水进入污水调节池,加药后通过三级反应、絮凝等,再经沉淀后进入排放水池,沉淀污泥进入浓缩池,经压滤泵输送至压滤机泥水分离,滤液回流至废水调节池,泥饼外运处理;
纯水系统:纯水系统的原水为各回用水系统的RO产水,在冲洗水回用水池收集后,先经一级RO进行预脱盐处理,再由二级RO进行精脱盐,(混床做预留)纯水进入纯水池后由供水泵供生产工艺用水,混床的再生清洗废水进入中水回用的污水处理设备进行处理;
超纯水系统:原水先进行一级RO处理,经一级反渗透后,淡水进入中间水池;浓水直接进入浓水RO(2-3RO)进行二次回收,浓水RO的产水进入原水池回用,浓水经除硬设备除硬后一部分供给厂区洒水降尘,剩余部分进入中水系统回用,中间水池的水经再经二级反渗透深度处理后,浓水进入补充水池,淡水进入1-1产水池,再由水泵提升,进入保安滤器再送入EDI装置进行精脱盐处理,产出高纯水进入超纯水箱,并由超水供水泵加压提升,经抛光混床进行水质保证,再由紫外线杀菌器进行TOC降解、微过滤器进行终端过滤后供用水点用水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重金属废水减量浓缩技术,其特征在于:所述二级浓水箱的浓水再由浓缩RO浓缩装置进行多段循环浓缩,产水回流至污水集水池进行回用处理,浓液进入浓液箱,供生产工艺回用,多余部分进入后级蒸发系统处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的重金属废水减量浓缩技术,其特征在于:所述在一级还原槽和二级还原中加酸和加还原剂的同时进行连续搅拌,并采用PH仪表和ORP仪表自动监控检测还原效果。
4.根据权利要求1所述的重金属废水减量浓缩技术,其特征在于:所述在对污水PH值调整后,再由三级膜分离进行全量回用处理,回收的水全部进入冲洗水回用水池回用,最终浓液和冲洗水多余浓液、生产工艺的废液合并后通过MVR蒸发器进行蒸发处理,水中的各类污染物和TDS形成固废处置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的重金属废水减量浓缩技术,其特征在于:所述一级RO的浓水部分作过滤器的反洗水,反洗后的污水进入中水回用收集池处理(反洗后的污水可替代自来水RO浓水作为过滤器反洗水,减少自来水中的钙结垢隐患)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的重金属废水减量浓缩技术,其特征在于:所述超纯水系统的进水主要为中水回用水一级产水、冲洗水回用水RO产水、2-3RO产水和2-2RO的浓水,不足用自来水补足。
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