CN111961601B - 固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母及其应用 - Google Patents
固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111961601B CN111961601B CN202010878649.9A CN202010878649A CN111961601B CN 111961601 B CN111961601 B CN 111961601B CN 202010878649 A CN202010878649 A CN 202010878649A CN 111961601 B CN111961601 B CN 111961601B
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- yeast
- solid state
- state fermentation
- isoamyl acetate
- fermentation
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Abstract
本发明属于非酿酒酵母的开发利用技术领域,具体涉及一种固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母及其应用。针对目前还没有采用Pichia属酵母纯培养菌株用于固态发酵的问题,本发明提供了一种固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的Pichia kudriavzevii酵母,保藏编号为CGMCC 19815。该酵母能够专用于固态发酵,固态发酵粮食产26种主要挥发性风味物质,其中乙酸异戊酯产量为1.556g/kg,发酵后的粮食具有明显的热带水果香气。本发明为固态发酵生产风味更丰富的白酒提供了一种新的发酵酵母,拓宽了白酒的风味,具有重要的现实意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于非酿酒酵母菌的开发技术领域,具体涉及一种固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母及其应用。
背景技术
酵母作为使用较为安全的一类微生物,对酒类产品的品质具有决定性的影响,现代酒类的酿造生产更是注重对酵母的选择和使用,液态发酵型酒类产品基本上都使用商业化专用酵母产品,而固态发酵型酒类产品专用的商业酵母的研究及应用还非常薄弱。
浓香型白酒采用的混菌自然固态发酵工艺,数百年来经多轮次的续糟发酵,在糟醅中逐渐形成了相对稳定的功能微生物群体,这些功能微生物是我国重要的特色微生物资源,特别是其中的酵母资源,不仅承担了转化还原糖生成乙醇的任务,与其他发酵体系中的酵母相比,其更重要的价值在于通过产醇、酯、酸等多种风味物质影响白酒品质,通过中间代谢产物参与微生物群体共代谢,通过产活性物质影响发酵体系内生态环境。并且,与现有产乙醇量通常超过11%的商业酵母相比,发酵结束后浓香型白酒糟醅中的乙醇含量通常不超过6-7%,糟醅中酵母除产乙醇外的其他功能才是使其区别于其他环境酵母的主要特征,与浓香型白酒品质关联也最为密切,通过选育功能酵母菌株来改善白酒品质一直是行业重点关注的研究领域。
目前已经选育有多种属包括产酯酵母在内的可用于白酒酿造的多种功能酵母,但迄今为止尚未在生产中使用除酿酒酵母外的其他种属的纯培养酵母,且酿酒酵母也仅仅用于复糟酒的生产,这一方面由于产香酵母的固态发酵特性还不确切或不稳定,另一方面,则是考虑到添加外来酵母有可能影响到白酒自然发酵的微生物生态环境,因此,最好是在酿造环境中分离其中本来就有的酵母,并明确其固态发酵特性的基础上,用于白酒固态发酵。宜宾浓香型白酒产区是浓香型白酒的主产地,由于长期的生产驯化及选择富集作用,形成了其独特的酵母区系,其中包括一些具有特色生理功能的酵母资源。
现有研究认为,酵母在固液态体系中的生长代谢状况存在很大差异,现有酵母多数是在液态发酵条件下筛选获得,用于固态发酵时其表现不佳或不稳定。P.kudriavzevii酵母作为酱香型、浓香型白酒糟醅中的优势酵母,也是重要的产香酵母,目前已筛选到一些产酯酿造功能菌株。乙酸异戊酯是一种呈香蕉风味的酯类,研究表明,多种属酵母可通过发酵产生该物质,赋予发酵产品热带水果香气。目前,已有研究发现Pichia kluyveri酵母在液态发酵中能够高产乙酸异戊酯,产量达到381mg/L,但由于液态发酵与固态发酵存在差异,Pichia kudriavzevii酵母是否能在固态发酵中高产乙酸异戊酯还未见报道,也未见有采用Pichia kudriavzevii属酵母纯培养菌株用于固态发酵。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题为:目前还没有采用Pichia属酵母纯培养菌株用于固态发酵的问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案为:提供一种固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,保藏编号为CGMCC 19815。保藏时间为2020年05月13日,保藏中心为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的26S rDNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
SEQ ID NO:1固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的26 S rDNA序列
ggcgagtgaagcggcaagagctcagatttgaaatcgtgctttgcggcacgagttgtagattgcaggttggagtctgtgtggaaggcggtgtccaagtcccttggaacagggcgcccaggagggtgagagccccgtgggatgccggcggaagcagtgaggcccttctgacgagtcgagttgtttgggaatgcagctccaagcgggtggtaaattccatctaaggctaaatactggcgagagaccgatagcgaacaagtactgtgaaggaaagatgaaaagcactttgaaaagagagtgaaacagcacgtgaaattgttgaaagggaagggtattgcgcccgacatggggattgcgcaccgctgcctctcgtgggcggcgctctgggctttccctgggccagcatcggttcttgctgcaggagaaggggttctggaacgtggctcttcggagtgttatagccagggccagatgctgcgtgcggggaccgaggactgcggccgtgtaggtcacggatgctggcagaacggcgcaacaccgcccgtcttga。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母乙酸异戊酯的产量达到1.556g/kg,苯乙醇产量达到0.236g/kg。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母由五粮液发酵糟醅中分离得到。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母生长条件为温度24-32℃,pH 3.0-6.0。
优选的,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母生长条件为温度28℃,pH 5.0。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的乙醇耐受量为8%Vol。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的生物学特征为:在WL培养基上28℃培养24小时后,形成表面细绒毛状、湿润、绿色、微凸的小菌落,容易挑取,带浓郁花果香气,细胞长椭圆形,细胞长宽比2-3∶1,单边出芽。
进一步的,所述的WL培养基的组成为:酵母浸粉0.5%,胰蛋白胨0.5%,葡萄糖5%,琼脂2%,磷酸二氢钾0.055%,氯化钾00425%,氯化钙0.0125%,氯化铁0.00025%,硫酸镁0.0125%,硫酸锰0.00025%,溴甲酚绿0.0022%,pH值为6.5,121℃灭菌20min。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母采用乳酸YPD培养基保藏,其组成为:酵母浸粉10g,蛋白胨20g,葡萄糖20g,蒸馏水1000mL,乳酸调节pH至5.0,121℃灭菌20min。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母采用斜面传代培养法或冻干法保藏。
本发明还提供了一种上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在浓香型、酱香型、清香型或米香型白酒酿造中的用途。
进一步的,本发明还提供了一种上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在固态发酵调味品、饲料中的用途。
进一步的,本发明还提供了一种上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在制备护肤品或化妆品中的用途。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供了一种固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母菌株,该酵母可固态发酵粮食产26种主要挥发性风味物质,发酵后的粮食具有明显的热带水果香气,接种本发明酵母发酵后粮食中的乙酸异戊酯产量为1.556g/kg,苯乙醇0.236g/kg;此外该酵母还产具有消炎作用的甘菊蓝,也可用于化妆品领域。
本发明的酵母固态发酵粮食后,根据环境条件不同,发酵24天的乙醇产量为5.8-7.2mL/100g。
本发明的酵母高度适应白酒固态发酵环境,其最低生长pH为3.0,可正常生长的温度范围为24-32℃,接种到混菌自然发酵糟醅中1天内即可大量增殖,细胞数量在接种8-12天时达到最高值,在白酒糟醅中具有很好的适应能力,可持续发酵至40天。
本发明的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母于2020年05月13日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏编号为CGMCC 19815,保藏地中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所。分类命名为库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母Pichia kudriavzevii。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明的酵母在WL琼脂培养基上28℃培养48小时后的菌落形态。
图2所示为本发明的酵母在WL琼脂培养基上28℃培养48小时后的细胞形态。
图3所示为本发明的酵母发酵5种粮食所产的主要挥发性物质总离子图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,保藏编号为CGMCC 19815。保藏时间为2020年05月13日,保藏中心为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的26S rDNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母乙酸异戊酯的产量达到1.556g/kg,苯乙醇产量达到0.236g/kg。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母由五粮液发酵糟醅中分离得到。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母生长条件为温度24-32℃,pH 3.0-6.0。
优选的,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母生长条件为温度28℃,pH 5.0。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的乙醇耐受量为8%Vol。
其中,上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的生物学特征为:在WL培养基上28℃培养24小时后,形成表面细绒毛状、湿润、绿色、微凸的小菌落,容易挑取,带浓郁花果香气,细胞长椭圆形,细胞长宽比2-3∶1,单边出芽。
本发明还提供了一种上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在浓香型、酱香型、清香型或米香型白酒酿造中的用途。
进一步的,本发明还提供了一种上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在固态发酵调味品、饲料中的用途。
进一步的,本发明还提供了一种上述固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在制备护肤品或化妆品中的用途。
下面将通过实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的解释说明,但不表示将本发明的保护范围限制在实施例所述范围内。
实施例1固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母菌株的分离鉴定
分离:取样窖池为宜宾五粮液股份有限公司生产车间中已连续发酵5年以上的窖池。在发酵8d时取样,以专用取样器(中空的双层不锈钢套管)插入窖池,取从窖池表面开始0.5m-2.7m之间、中心及四周5个取样点的糟醅,装入无菌取样袋中,冰盒运回实验室,在取样后1小时内按如下方法分离酵母菌株:糟醅样品加无菌水分别稀释1000、10000、100000倍后,涂布于以赤藓糖代替葡萄糖的、且用乳酸调节pH至5.0的YPD培养基(配方为:1%酵母膏,2%蛋白胨,2%赤藓糖,2%琼脂,121℃下灭菌20min)。28℃培养36小时,挑取湿润、白色、表面及边缘呈细小绒毛状的菌落,并在相同培养基上纯化3次备用。
鉴定:按照E.Z.N.AYeast DNA试剂盒(上海伟进生物科技有限公司)的步骤提取DNA,以NL1、NL4为引物(NL1引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示:5'-GCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAAG-3'(SEQ ID NO:2);NL4引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示:5'-GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3'(SEQ ID NO:3))扩增酵母菌株26S rDNA序列。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增产物,送往上海美吉测序公司进行测序,获得的序列与GenBank中的模式菌株的序列进行BLASTN,将其序列相似性大于99%的序列鉴定为同种,并进一步对比分离酵母与文献记录中的该酵母种的形态特征及生理生化特征,完全吻合则鉴定为该种。
实施例2本发明固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母的生理生化特性
在L-YPD琼脂培养基上28℃培养2d,观察其菌落及细胞形态;以葡萄糖、D-果糖、木糖、山梨糖、赤藓糖、琥珀酸、乳酸、核酮糖、甘油、葡萄糖酸、D-树胶醛糖、D-麦芽糖、蔗糖、L-阿拉伯糖、菊糖、淀粉为YNB培养基中的唯一碳源培养酵母,观察其生长情况,评价其对碳源同化能力;将酵母菌接种到尿素培养基上,培养24h,根据培养基是否变红色评价酵母利用尿素的能力。5mL菌悬液接种乳酸YPD培养基(pH5.0),分别在20、24、28、32、36、40℃下以100r/min振荡培养36h,检测其温度耐受性,5mL菌悬液接种至乙醇含量分别为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8%的乳酸YPD培养基(pH5.0)中,28℃、100r/min振荡培养36h,检测其乙醇耐受性,5mL菌悬液接种至pH分别为3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0的乳酸YPD培养基中,28℃、100r/min振荡培养36h,检测其pH适应性,以OD560增长超过50%视为生长。编号CGMCC815的菌株生理特性如表1所示
表1 Pichia kudriavzevii CGMCC815菌株生理特性
实施例3利用本发明酵母赋予固态发酵白酒热带水果香气特征
首先将斜面保存的酵母菌种利用接种针接种1环到乳酸YPD液体培养基中,28℃培养1天,再对得到的酵母菌悬液在25℃下,3000rpm离心5min,倒去上清液,添加无菌水后混匀再次在相同条件下离心,洗涤菌体,制成浓度为0.5OD左右的酵母菌悬液备用。
该酵母以01%接种量接种入窖粮糟发酵70d,与未接种酵母的自然发酵粮糟(对照)相比,该酵母菌株固态发酵粮食所产主要风味物质如表2所示。粮糟中的乙酸异戊酯含量从0.009g/kg增加至1.352g/kg,异戊酸乙酯含量从0.005g/kg增加至0.702g/kg,β-苯乙醇从0.021g/kg增加至0.221g/kg,辛酸乙酯含量从0.014g/kg增加至0.341g/kg,感官品评发现,接种本发明酵母发酵后的糟醅芳香浓郁,显著优于对照,呈典型的热带水果香气特征。
表2 WLY79菌株固态发酵粮食所产主要风味物质
序号 | 保留时间 | 主要挥发性产物 | CAS编号 | 匹配度 | 峰面积 | 相对含量 |
1 | 3.422 | 丁酸乙酯 | 105-54-4 | 84 | 1345883 | 0.9% |
2 | 4.211 | 异戊酸乙酯 | 108-64-5 | 65 | 5044601 | 3.2% |
3 | 5.183 | 乙酸异戊酯 | 123-92-2 | 82 | 12615057 | 8.0% |
4 | 7.863 | 2-甲基丁酸-2-二甲基丙酯 | 97-85-8 | 78 | 1741015 | 1.1% |
5 | 12.072 | 3-甲基丁酸丙酯 | 37064-20-3 | 90 | 1123773 | 0.7% |
6 | 14.39 | 己酸乙酯 | 123-66-0 | 88 | 1744868 | 1.1% |
7 | 14.52 | 丁酸-2甲基-异丁酯 | 2445-67-2 | 85 | 828533 | 0.5% |
8 | 15.352 | 丁酸异戊酯 | 000106-27-4 | 84 | 950514 | 0.6% |
9 | 15.609 | 丙酸异戊酯 | 002445-69-4 | 80 | 1368325 | 0.9% |
10 | 17.355 | 苯乙醛 | 1960-12-8 | 97 | 359812 | 0.2% |
11 | 21.976 | 丁酸2-戊酯 | 027625-35-0 | 90 | 484876 | 0.3% |
12 | 22.236 | 异戊酸正戊酯 | 025415-62-7 | 79 | 523432 | 0.3% |
13 | 22.638 | 苯乙醇 | 1960-12-8 | 97 | 101542839 | 64.7% |
14 | 27.285 | 甘菊蓝 | 275-51-4 | 65 | 483416 | 0.3% |
15 | 29.166 | 辛酸乙酯 | 106-32-1 | 81 | 5096883 | 3.2% |
16 | 32.257 | 苯乙酸乙酯 | 101-97-3 | 81 | 506880 | 0.3% |
17 | 32.863 | 乙酸苯乙酯 | 103-45-7 | 90 | 4645913 | 3.0% |
18 | 42.5 | 2-甲基-2-苯乙酯丙酸 | 84682-19-9 | 92 | 634883 | 0.4% |
19 | 42.813 | 癸酸乙酯 | 110-38-3 | 96 | 1251554 | 0.8% |
20 | 52.873 | 十二酸乙酯 | 106-33-2 | 74 | 463164 | 0.3% |
21 | 60.809 | 十四酸乙酯 | 124-06-1 | 96 | 373385 | 0.2% |
22 | 65.387 | 9-十六碳烯酸 | 54546-22-4 | 99 | 289252 | 0.2% |
23 | 65.787 | 十六酸乙酯 | 628-97-7 | 96 | 7005112 | 4.5% |
24 | 68.042 | 亚油酸乙酯 | 544-35-4 | 99 | 944358 | 0.6% |
25 | 68.111 | 油酸乙酯 | 111-62-6 | 99 | 5237339 | 3.3% |
26 | 68.402 | 十八酸乙酯 | 111-61-5 | 99 | 318059 | 0.2% |
实施例4利用本发明酵母生产浓香型白酒调味酒
酵母菌种的制备方法同实施例2。
该酵母以0.5%的接种量接种入窖粮糟发酵70d,与未接种酵母的自然发酵粮糟(对照)相比,该酵母使粮糟中乙酸异戊酯含量从0.012g/kg增加至1.452g/kg,异戊酸乙酯含量从0.015g/kg增加至0.684g/kg。实验结果如表3所示。
表3 WLY79菌株固态发酵粮食所得调味酒(g/L)
名称 | 对照 | WLY79 | |
1 | 甲醇 | 0.1499 | 0.0824 |
2 | 乙醛 | 0.1328 | 0.1806 |
3 | 异丁醛 | 0.0614 | 0.0651 |
4 | 正丙醇 | 0.6713 | 0.6011 |
5 | 乙酸乙酯 | 2.5489 | 2.9197 |
6 | 仲丁醇 | 0.0397 | 0.0711 |
7 | 异丁醇 | 0.2297 | 0.1779 |
8 | 乙缩醛 | 0.1199 | 0.1222 |
9 | 正丁醇 | 1.2759 | 1.2211 |
10 | 乙酸丙酯 | 1.1950 | 0.7553 |
11 | 异丁酸乙酯 | 0.0027 | 0.0124 |
12 | 异戊醇 | 0.3192 | 0.2859 |
13 | 丁酸乙酯 | 0.2901 | 0.2290 |
14 | 乙酸丁酯 | 0.0437 | 0.0645 |
15 | 乳酸乙酯 | 0.0041 | 0.0021 |
16 | 乙酸异戊酯 | 0.0120 | 1.452 |
17 | 异丁酸 | 0.0489 | 0.0749 |
18 | 戊酸乙酯 | 0.1268 | 0.1454 |
19 | 糠醛 | 0.2716 | 0.4347 |
20 | 异戊酸 | 0.0526 | 0.1169 |
21 | 己酸乙酯 | 1.9384 | 2.4566 |
22 | 3-甲硫基丙醇 | 0.0339 | 0.0434 |
23 | β-苯乙醇 | 0.015 | 0.684 |
实施例5利用本发明酵母与酿酒酵母混合发酵生产果酒
酵母菌种的制备方法同实施例2。
按实施例2中方法得到酵母菌悬液,以安琪公司出品的葡萄酒果酒专用酵母(型号SY)∶本发明酵母按照数量比50∶1接种到果汁中发酵8d,其他工艺不变,以仅采用安琪果酒酵母的对照相比,添加本发明酵母混合接种发酵后的果酒酯类物质总量上升28%,特别是乙酸异戊酯,含量从0.021g/L上升至1.213g/L,感官风味也显著改善。
序列表
<110> 宜宾五粮液股份有限公司
<120> 固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母及其应用
<130> A200688K(序)
<141> 2020-08-27
<160> 3
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 547
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
ggcgagtgaa gcggcaagag ctcagatttg aaatcgtgct ttgcggcacg agttgtagat 60
tgcaggttgg agtctgtgtg gaaggcggtg tccaagtccc ttggaacagg gcgcccagga 120
gggtgagagc cccgtgggat gccggcggaa gcagtgaggc ccttctgacg agtcgagttg 180
tttgggaatg cagctccaag cgggtggtaa attccatcta aggctaaata ctggcgagag 240
accgatagcg aacaagtact gtgaaggaaa gatgaaaagc actttgaaaa gagagtgaaa 300
cagcacgtga aattgttgaa agggaagggt attgcgcccg acatggggat tgcgcaccgc 360
tgcctctcgt gggcggcgct ctgggctttc cctgggccag catcggttct tgctgcagga 420
gaaggggttc tggaacgtgg ctcttcggag tgttatagcc agggccagat gctgcgtgcg 480
gggaccgagg actgcggccg tgtaggtcac ggatgctggc agaacggcgc aacaccgccc 540
gtcttga 547
<210> 2
<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
gcatatcaat aagcggagga aaag 24
<210> 3
<211> 19
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
ggtccgtgtt tcaagacgg 19
Claims (9)
1.固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,其特征在于:分类命名为库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母Pichia kudriavzevii,保藏编号为CGMCC 19815。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,其特征在于:所述酵母的26S rDNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
3.根据权利要求1所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,其特征在于:所述酵母固态发酵后乙酸异戊酯的产量达到1.556 g/kg,苯乙醇产量达到0.236 g/kg。
4.根据权利要求1所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,其特征在于:所述酵母生长条件为温度24-32℃,pH 3.0-6.0。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,其特征在于:所述酵母生长条件为温度28℃,pH 5.0。
6.根据权利要求1所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母,其特征在于:酵母的乙醇耐受量为8%Vol。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在浓香型、酱香型、清香型或米香型白酒酿造中的用途。
8.权利要求1-6任一项所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在固态发酵调味品、饲料中的用途。
9.权利要求1-6任一项所述的固态发酵高产乙酸异戊酯的酵母在制备护肤品或化妆品中的用途。
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