CN111960850A - 一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN111960850A
CN111960850A CN202010822739.6A CN202010822739A CN111960850A CN 111960850 A CN111960850 A CN 111960850A CN 202010822739 A CN202010822739 A CN 202010822739A CN 111960850 A CN111960850 A CN 111960850A
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boron carbide
powder
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titanium alloy
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李春松
唐洁净
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Ningbo Plastic Metal Product Co ltd
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Abstract

碳化硼硬度高,其对于动能弹和弹药碎片的防御能力很强,而且碳化硼质量较轻,是制备防弹衣、防护装甲的理想材料。本发明通过制备同时具有致密层和多孔层的碳化硼复合材料,使材料同时具有高硬度和吸波性能,提高材料应用防弹材料时的抗冲击能力。

Description

一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防弹材料领域,特别是一种碳化硼复合材料。
背景技术
碳化硼又称黑钻石,通常为灰黑色微粉,是一种新型陶瓷材料,具有熔点高、硬度高、密度低、热稳定性好、抗化学侵蚀能力强和中子吸收能力强等特点,因而被广泛应用于能源、军事、核能以及防弹领域。碳化硼最重要的性能是其超常的硬度,是仅次于金刚石和立方氮化硼的第三硬材料,碳化硼近于恒定的高温硬度是其它材料所无法比拟的。
由于碳化硼硬度高,其对于动能弹和弹药碎片的防御能力很强,而且碳化硼质量较轻,是制备防弹衣、防护装甲的理想材料,并得到了广泛的关注。然而,现有制备工艺得到碳化硼晶粒粗大、缺陷多、致密度低,因而其强度和韧性并不理想,如何改善碳化硼的致密度以提高其硬度,并同时使材料具备足够的抗冲击性是防弹领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明通过制备同时具有致密层和多孔层的碳化硼复合材料,使材料同时具有高硬度和吸波性能,提高材料应用于防弹材料时的抗冲击能力。
一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将碳化硼粉加入到含有分散剂的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入成孔剂,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下烧结,得到多孔碳化硼块体;
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸渍10-20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料。
步骤(1)中,所述分散剂为EDTA或硬脂酸钠,用量为述B4C粉质量的0.4~0.7%。
步骤(1)中,所述成孔剂为PEG-400,用量为述B4C粉质量的5~10%。
步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为30%~50%的比例加入;B4C粉的粒径为3~5μm。
步骤(1)中,所述烧结的温度为2000~2300℃,时间为3-5h。
步骤(2)中,在1680-1750℃熔融钛合金,形成钛合金液。
步骤(2)中,将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中时,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的20-50%。
有益效果:
本发明通过部分浸渍的方法,使得钛合金液浸入到碳化硼多孔材料中,填补了碳化硼多孔材料的部分空隙,使得碳化硼多孔材料的下层形成致密的结构,从而得到一种上部为多孔结构,下部为致密结构的碳化硼复合材料,其致密部分具有高硬度,从而使复合材料保持良好的硬度,其多孔部分可起到吸收剩余能量的作用,有助于材料在整体上表现出更优的硬度。由于多孔结构和致密结构为整体结构,不存在由于不同材料之间的结合而导致的能量传递效率低、结构不稳定等问题,在防弹过程中具有更好的抗冲击性。
通过控制多孔结构的孔径、含孔率,控制在浸渍过程中钛合金的填充度,避免孔径大、通孔多造成的填充程度难以控制,以及孔径小、含孔率不足造成的致密化不足。
该复合材料的洛氏硬度83-86HRA,断裂韧性为10-15MP·m1/2
具体实施方式
采用陶瓷材料单刃缺口弯曲法测试材料的断裂韧性。
实施例1
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将粒径为3μm的碳化硼粉加入到含有EDTA的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入PEG-400,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下2300℃烧结3h,得到多孔碳化硼块体;步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为50%的比例加入,EDTA用量为述B4C粉质量的0.4%,PEG-400用量为B4C粉质量的10%。
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金在1680℃熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的50%。浸渍20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料-1。致密层、多孔层高度比大致为1∶1。该复合材料的洛氏硬度86HRA,断裂韧性为12MP·m1/2
实施例2
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将粒径为5μm的碳化硼粉加入到含有硬脂酸钠的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入PEG-400,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下2000℃烧结5h,得到多孔碳化硼块体;步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为30%的比例加入,硬脂酸钠用量为述B4C粉质量的0.7%,PEG-400用量为B4C粉质量的5%。
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金在1750℃熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的20%。浸渍20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料-2。致密层、多孔层高度比大致为1∶4。该复合材料的洛氏硬度84HRA,断裂韧性为15MP·m1/2
实施例3
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将粒径为5μm的碳化硼粉加入到含有硬脂酸钠的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入PEG-400,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下2000℃烧结5h,得到多孔碳化硼块体;步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为30%的比例加入,硬脂酸钠用量为述B4C粉质量的0.7%,PEG-400用量为B4C粉质量的5%。
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金在1750℃熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的30%。浸渍20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料-3。致密层、多孔层高度比大致为3∶7。该复合材料的洛氏硬度83HRA,断裂韧性为13MP·m1/2
实施例4
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将粒径为3μm的碳化硼粉加入到含有EDTA的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入琼脂糖,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下2300℃烧结3h,得到多孔碳化硼块体;步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为50%的比例加入,EDTA用量为述B4C粉质量的0.4%,琼脂糖用量为B4C粉质量的10%。
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金在1680℃熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的50%。浸渍20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料-4。该多孔材料孔径大,孔隙率高,在浸渍过程中难以控制浸渍程度,导致碳化硼复合材料-4中致密层厚度难以控制,且在块体材料中部较大高度范围内既有致密层又有多孔层,同一横截面上材料结构不一致,无法得到具有一定致密层、多孔层高度比的材料。该复合材料的洛氏硬度72HRA,断裂韧性为7MP·m1/2
实施例5
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将粒径为3μm的碳化硼粉加入到含有EDTA的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入PEG-400,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下2300℃烧结3h,得到多孔碳化硼块体;步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为50%的比例加入,EDTA用量为述B4C粉质量的0.4%,PEG-400用量为B4C粉质量的10%。
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金在1680℃熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的60%。浸渍20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料-5。致密层、多孔层高度比大致为6∶4。碳化硼复合材料-5中多孔层比例小,吸能效果显著下降。该复合材料的洛氏硬度78HRA,断裂韧性为8MP·m1/2
实施例6
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将粒径为3μm的碳化硼粉加入到含有EDTA的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入PEG-400,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下2300℃烧结3h,得到多孔碳化硼块体;步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为50%的比例加入,EDTA用量为述B4C粉质量的0.4%,PEG-400用量为B4C粉质量的10%。
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金在1680℃熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的10%。浸渍20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料-6。致密层、多孔层高度比大致为1∶9。碳化硼复合材料-6中致密层比例小,硬度显著下降。该复合材料的洛氏硬度65HRA,断裂韧性为7MP·m1/2
实施例7
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将粒径为3μm的碳化硼粉加入到含有EDTA的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入PEG-400,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下2300℃烧结3h,得到多孔碳化硼块体;步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为50%的比例加入,EDTA用量为述B4C粉质量的0.4%,PEG-400用量为B4C粉质量的10%。
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金在1680℃熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的100%。浸渍20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到致密结构碳化硼复合材料。
(3)黏结泡沫铝
利用环氧树脂黏结所得致密结构碳化硼复合材料和泡沫铝,制备出碳化硼与泡沫铝双层复合材料。该复合材料的洛氏硬度80HRA,断裂韧性为6MP·m1/2

Claims (9)

1.一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)制备多孔碳化硼块体
将碳化硼粉加入到含有分散剂的水溶液中,搅拌均匀,加入成孔剂,球磨3-5h,成型,真空条件下烧结,得到多孔碳化硼块体;
(2)浸渍
在氩气保护下,将钛合金熔融,形成钛合金液,在真空条件下将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中,浸渍10-20分钟,取出,真空下冷却到室温,得到碳化硼复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述分散剂为EDTA或硬脂酸钠,用量为述B4C粉质量的0.4~0.7%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述成孔剂为PEG-400,用量为所述B4C粉质量的5~10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,B4C粉按固含量为30%~50%的比例加入;B4C粉的粒径为3~5μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述烧结的温度为2000~2300℃,时间为3-5h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,在1680-1750℃熔融钛合金,形成钛合金液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,将多孔碳化硼块体部分浸入钛合金液中时,浸入部分的高度占块体材料总高度的20-50%。
8.根据权利要求1-7所述的方法制备得到的碳化硼复合材料。
9.将权利要求1-7所述的方法制备得到的碳化硼复合材料用于防弹衣材料的用途。
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