CN111956736A - 一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物及其制备方法和应用，降血糖组合物由如下重量份的组分组成：绣球菌30‑40份；玉竹5‑8份；桑白皮6‑9份；紫丁香蘑4‑8份；紫灵芝5‑10份；金耳6‑12份；红缘灵芝5‑9份；青钱柳6‑10份；云芝7‑12份。制备方法采取逐步升温升压方式进行超临界CO2萃取。降血组合物可以在制备降血糖食品或保健品中应用。本发明具有突出的降血糖效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种降血糖组合物，具体涉及一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
绣球菌，又名绣球菇，拉丁学名为Sparassiscrispa，是非褶孔菌目、绣球菌科、绣球菌属。绣球菌是名贵的食药兼用菌，被誉为“万菇之王”，因其具有超高的激活免疫能力，在日本有“梦幻神奇菇”之称，普通蘑菇生长在阴面，而绣球菇每天需要10h以上的照射，是世界上唯一的“阳光蘑菇”。绣球菌含有大量的蛋白质、碳水化合物、多种维生素、多种氨基酸及膳食纤维和灰分、矿物质等。其中，绣球菌含有大量的β-葡聚糖，β-葡聚糖是一种生物活性物质，具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗辐射、降血糖、降血脂、保肝、提高造血功能等多种功能；绣球菌中的维生素E、维生素C具有抗氧化作用；绣球菌还含有麦角固醇，麦角固醇在阳光和紫外线照射下可转变为维生素D，促进钙、磷的吸收，有利于骨骼的形成，可预防儿童佝偻病、成人骨质疏松症和骨质软化症；绣球菌中钾含量非常高，而钠含量相对较低，高钾低钠有利尿的作用，对高血压十分有利；绣球菌中含有大量的抗氧化物质，如超氧化物岐化酶，能有效清除体内的自由基，防止活性氧对机体的损害，有抗氧化、抗衰老的作用。
中国专利文献CN105816699A记载了一种降脂降压的绣球菌保健口服液，其由质量份的以下原料组成：绣球菌30～40份、夏枯草5～10份、白菊花5～8份、东山楂3～5份、玉米须3～7份、钩藤5～10份、罗布麻5～7份、土鳖虫3～5份、茵陈3～7份、昆布4～7份、炼蜜5～10份、矫味剂5～10份。其以绣球菌为主要成分，与钩藤、罗马布、白菊花、夏枯草、东山楂、昆布、茵陈、土鳖虫、玉米须复配。
目前，还未发现有以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物。
发明内容
有鉴于此，为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的在于提出一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物及其制备方法和应用。
所采用的技术方案为：
第一方面，本发明的一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,由如下重量份的组分组成：
进一步地，绣球菌、玉竹、桑白皮、紫丁香蘑、紫灵芝、金耳、红缘灵芝、青钱柳、云芝的目数均≥500目。
进一步地，一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,由如下重量份的组分组成：
在该以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物中，
绣球菌：绣球菌含有大量的β-葡聚糖，β-葡聚糖是一种生物活性物质，具有降血糖功能。
玉竹：别名虫蝉、玉术、山姜，西竹等，是百合科多年生草本植物。在中医上，玉竹具有很好的降血糖的作用。
桑白皮：桑的干燥根皮。桑根皮中分离出的桑根酮、环桑皮素、桑皮呋喃C等都有很好的降血压作用。从中分离的降血糖成分Moranolin和MoranA降糖物质及DNJ等有很好的降糖效果。
紫丁香蘑：又称紫晶蘑，花脸蘑。能够抑制肿瘤，健脾祛湿，调节机体正常的糖代谢。
紫灵芝：紫灵芝具有广泛的药理活性，能够促进组织对糖的利用，服用紫灵芝后可取代胰岛素抑制脂肪酸的释放，可改善血糖症状，减轻非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的发病成都。目前日本生产紫芝保健食品，已广泛使用治疗糖尿病患者。
金耳：俗称黄木耳，子实体半球形，能够提高机体代谢功能，降血糖。
红缘灵芝：为多孔菌科真菌松生拟层孔菌Fomitopsis pinicola(Sow.ex Fr.)Karst.的子实体，具有很好的降血糖作用。
青钱柳：能够有效平衡人体代谢，从而达到降血糖，逆转并发症的养生效果。青钱柳中富含与糖代谢和胰岛素作用密切相关的的元素NI,CR,SE等，能够协助胰岛素发挥降血糖的作用，能够改善糖耐量。
云芝：最具有药用价值的真菌之一，具有降血糖功效。
第二方面，本发明的一种上述任一方案所述的以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤：
S1.将绣球菌、玉竹、桑白皮、紫丁香蘑、紫灵芝、金耳、红缘灵芝、青钱柳、云芝的原料分别粉碎至目数均≥500目；
S2.将S1中粉碎后的原料按配比混合后，装入萃取釜中进行超临界CO2萃取，以超临界CO2流体为萃取溶剂，萃取压力逐步升高，低压区为30-35Mpa，中压区为40-45MPa,高压区为50-55Mpa，萃取温度对应逐步升温，低温区为20-30℃，中温区为35-45℃，高温区为50-60℃，低压低温区萃取时间30-60min,中压中温区萃取时间为20-40min,高压高温区萃取时间为50-70min逐步萃取,CO2流量为20-25L/h，得到萃取液和残渣；
S3.取S2中得到的残渣用水煎煮提取2-4次，每次1-2h，过滤，合并滤液，浓缩，得到水提取物；
S4.将S2中得到的萃取液和S3中得到的水提取物混合均匀，得到降血糖组合物。
在该制备方法中，超临界CO2流体的溶剂强度取决于萃取的温度和压力。利用这种特性，改变萃取剂流体的压力和温度，能够把组合物中的不同组分按在流体中溶解度的大小，先后萃取出来，在低压下弱极性的物质先萃取，随着压力的增加，极性较大的物质再萃取，所以在程序升压下进行超临界CO2流体萃取可以尽可能萃取不同的萃取组分。
温度的升温，挥发度提高，可以使溶质从流体萃取剂中析出，萃取率不但不会减少反而有增大的趋势。
第三方面，本发明的上述任一方案所述的降血组合物在制备降血糖食品或保健品中的应用。
一种食品，其由上述任一方案所述的降血糖组合物制成的。
一种食品，其由上述任一方案所述的降血糖组合物和食品上可接受的辅料制成。
进一步地，所述食品上可接受的辅料包括矫味剂、甜味剂、填充剂、包衣材料、润滑剂和崩解剂中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述食品的剂型选自片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、软胶囊或硬胶囊。
一种保健品，其由上述任一方案所述的降血糖组合物和保健食品上可接受的辅料制成。
综上，本发明的降血糖组合物、食品、保健品均具有突出的降血糖的功能。
附图说明
图1为实施例4的正常组对胰腺组织进行HE染色后的实验结果图。
图2为实施例4的模型组对胰腺组织进行HE染色后的实验结果图。
图3为实施例4的阳性组对胰腺组织进行HE染色后的实验结果图。
图4为实施例4的降血糖组合物200mg/kg组对胰腺组织进行HE染色后的实验结果图。
图5为实施例4的降血糖组合物400mg/kg组对胰腺组织进行HE染色后的实验结果图。
图6为实施例4的降血糖组合物800mg/kg组对胰腺组织进行HE染色后的实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但这些例举性实施方式的用途和目的仅用来例举本发明，并非对本发明的实际保护范围构成任何形式的任何限定，更非将本发明的保护范围局限于此。
实施例1
本实施例的一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,由如下重量份的组分组成：
该以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤：
S1.将绣球菌、玉竹、桑白皮、紫丁香蘑、紫灵芝、金耳、红缘灵芝、青钱柳、云芝的原料分别粉碎至目数均≥500目；
S2.将S1中粉碎后的原料按配比混合后，装入萃取釜中进行超临界CO2萃取，以超临界CO2流体为萃取溶剂，萃取压力逐步升高，低压区为30-35Mpa，中压区为40-45MPa,高压区为50-55Mpa，萃取温度对应逐步升温，低温区为20-30℃，中温区为35-45℃，高温区为50-60℃，低压低温区萃取时间30-60min,中压中温区萃取时间为20-40min,高压高温区萃取时间为50-70min逐步萃取,CO2流量为20-25L/h，得到萃取液和残渣；
S3.取S2中得到的残渣用水煎煮提取2-4次，每次1-2h，过滤，合并滤液，浓缩，得到水提取物；
S4.将S2中得到的萃取液和S3中得到的水提取物混合均匀，得到降血糖组合物。
实施例2
参照实施例1，与实施例1不同的是，本实施例的一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,由如下重量份的组分组成：
实施例3
参照实施例1，与实施例1不同的是，本实施例的一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,由如下重量份的组分组成：
实施例4对二型糖尿病小鼠模型的降血糖作用
雄性ICR小鼠60只，18-22g，适应性喂养1周，随机选10只为正常对照组，全程给基础饲料，其余50只给予高糖高脂饲料(配方：10％猪油、10％蔗糖、2％胆固醇、1％猪胆盐、77％基础饲料)，两周后连续3天腹腔注射链脲霉素(STZ)溶液45mg/kg，72h后，禁食不禁水12h断尾采血检测其空腹血糖值，将造模成功的糖尿病小鼠50只随机分成5组，每组10只，分别为模型对照组、阳性对照组、实施例2的降血糖组合物200，400和800mg/kg剂量组。除正常对照组10只小鼠给普通饲料外，其余均给高脂饲料喂养。每天定时灌胃给药，连续灌胃3周。阳性对照组按200mg/kg二甲双胍灌胃给药。降血糖组合物分别按相应剂量灌胃。正常对照组与模型组对照组给予等量生理盐水。实验期间每天观察记录小鼠毛色、精神状态、行为活动和感染现象，每周测体重各1次。每周剪尾测定1次空腹血糖，给药2周时进行1次糖耐量试验，末次给药后次日股动脉取血，测定血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(GLU)。同时取胰腺组织，用中性甲醛固定，石蜡包埋切片，HE染色，进行病理组织学光镜检查，观察胰腺组织形态学变化。
结果如下：
如表1所示，造模后，与正常组相比，其余各组血糖升高，具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。给药1周后，各组血糖仍在升高，与正常组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)，给药2周后，各给药组血糖下降，均低于模型组，但无统计学差异。给药3周后，模型组小鼠血糖与正常组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)，二甲双胍和组合物150，300mg/kg剂量组小鼠血糖下降，与模型组相比有统计学意义(P<0.01，P<0.05)。
表1各组小鼠血糖变化(x±s，n＝10)
如图1所示，胰腺组织进行HE染色显示：正常组胰岛数量较多，形状呈椭圆形，结构和边缘界限清晰，细胞核大小均一，胞浆丰富，无血管扩增。模型组胰岛结构破坏，数量明显减少，小叶间局灶性炎症细胞浸润。经组合物各剂量组处理后，胰岛细胞形态，数量，分布及胰岛边缘界限均有所改善，胰岛细胞数量明显增加，细胞排列较规则。
实施例5
将实施例2的降血糖组合物加入包衣材料、矫味剂、甜味剂和崩解剂制成硬胶囊，作为一种食品。
实施例6
将实施例2的降血糖组合物加入保健食品上可接受的辅料制成片剂，作为一种保健品。
保健食品上可接受的辅料根据市场监管总局发布的《保健食品备案产品可用辅料及其使用规定(2019年版)》中选择添加可用的辅料。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,其特征在于，由如下重量份的组分组成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,其特征在于，
绣球菌、玉竹、桑白皮、紫丁香蘑、紫灵芝、金耳、红缘灵芝、青钱柳、云芝的目数均≥500目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物,其特征在于，由如下重量份的组分组成：
4.权利要求1-3任一所述的以绣球菌为主的降血糖组合物的制备方法,其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1.将绣球菌、玉竹、桑白皮、紫丁香蘑、紫灵芝、金耳、红缘灵芝、青钱柳、云芝的原料分别粉碎至目数均≥500目；
S2.将S1中粉碎后的原料按配比混合后，装入萃取釜中进行超临界CO2萃取，以超临界CO2流体为萃取溶剂，萃取压力逐步升高，低压区为30-35Mpa，中压区为40-45MPa,高压区为50-55Mpa，萃取温度对应逐步升温，低温区为20-30℃，中温区为35-45℃，高温区为50-60℃，低压低温区萃取时间30-60min,中压中温区萃取时间为20-40min,高压高温区萃取时间为50-70min逐步萃取,CO2流量为20-25L/h，得到萃取液和残渣；
S3.取S2中得到的残渣用水煎煮提取2-4次，每次1-2h，过滤，合并滤液，浓缩，得到水提取物；
S4.将S2中得到的萃取液和S3中得到的水提取物混合均匀，得到降血糖组合物。
5.权利要求1-3任一所述的降血组合物在制备降血糖食品或保健品中的应用。
6.一种食品，其特征在于，由权利要求1-3任一所述的降血糖组合物制成的。
7.一种食品，其特征在于，由权利要求1-3任一所述的降血糖组合物和食品上可接受的辅料制成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品上可接受的辅料包括矫味剂、甜味剂、填充剂、包衣材料、润滑剂和崩解剂中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品的剂型选自片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、软胶囊或硬胶囊。
10.一种保健品，其特征在于，由权利要求1-3任一所述的降血糖组合物和保健食品上可接受的辅料制成。
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