CN111947028A - 用于燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置 - Google Patents
用于燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置,热激活压力释放装置包括:中空主体,中空主体安装在氢罐的出口处;氢排放块,氢排放块具有多个第一氢排放孔,并且被安装且固定在中空主体的上部中;氢排放管,氢排放管具有多个第二氢排放孔,并且连接到氢排放块的底部;活塞,活塞装配在氢排放管的外侧上,以能够上下移动,并且打开和关闭第二氢排放孔;挡块,挡块安装在中空主体的下部中,并且限制活塞的向下移动距离;以及熔融合金,熔融合金设置在活塞和挡块之间,并且在预定的温度以上熔化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置(thermal-activated pressurerelief device),并且更特别地,涉及燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置,为了在预定的温度以上的安全性,该热激活压力释放装置能够强制排放氢罐中的氢。
背景技术
该部分中的陈述仅仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息,并不构成现有技术。
安装在氢燃料电池车辆上的燃料电池系统包括:用于生成电能的燃料电池堆;氢供应器,用于将作为燃料的氢供应到燃料电池堆;空气(氧)供应器,用于将作为电化学反应中的氧化剂的空气(氧)供应到燃料电池堆。
如图1所示,氢供应器包括:氢罐10;电磁阀11,其安装在氢罐10的出口处且控制氢的流入和流出;温度激活压力释放装置12(称为‘TPRD’),与电磁阀11一起安装在氢罐10的出口处,以当氢罐10的温度增加时将氢强制排放到外部;调节器13,用于减少从氢罐10供应到燃料电池堆20的氢的压力。
氢通过加压和存储高压氢的方法被存储在氢供应器的氢罐10中,并且当存储氢而增加氢罐10中的氢的存储量时,最大允许工作压力(MAWP)被设置为875巴。与此,对于存储在氢罐中的高压氢的安全要求已被提高。
为此,TPRD 12作为一种热激活压力释放装置,当氢罐温度升高到预定温度以上时,具有强制释放氢和氢罐内压力的功能,以备燃料电池车辆发生火灾时,火焰使温度升高,氢罐10的内部压力增加,从而导致氢罐10爆炸。
作为TPRD,在相关技术中,存在金属熔化/弹簧式TPRD和玻璃球TPRD(glass bulbTPRD)。
如果在燃料电池车辆和氢罐中发生火灾等,且由于火焰使温度导致周围温度超过参考温度,则相关技术的金属熔化/弹簧式TPRD通过以下过程工作:可熔化合金熔化,弹簧压紧力被移除,支撑杆通过弹簧的弹性恢复力向前移动,活塞通过支撑杆的向前移动解锁,活塞通过氢罐的内部压力而移动以打开氢气排放通道。
相应地,氢罐中的氢和压力通过打开的氢排放路径被强制排放到大气。
在金属熔化/弹簧式TPRD中,弹簧受到强烈压缩,以在氢罐施加到活塞的大压力(例如700巴)下锁定活塞,弹簧的弹性恢复力施加到易熔合金上。然而,作为易熔合金主要材料的铟和铋是相对较软的金属,因此易熔合金不能抵抗弹簧的张力而发生爆炸,从而存在TPRD故障的可能性。
此外,易熔合金的排放路径和氢气的排放路径彼此分离,因此结构复杂,使用了大量零件。
另一方面,相关技术的玻璃球TPRD包括连接到氢罐的中空主体、结合到中空主体的外端部的排放盖、固定在中空主体中的活塞、以及设置在排放盖和活塞之间的玻璃球。
特别是,在预定的温度或更高温度下膨胀的液体被保持在玻璃球中。
预测,如果在燃料电池车辆和氢罐中发生火灾等,且由于火焰而周围的温度增加到超过参考温度,则玻璃球中的液体过热并膨胀,因此玻璃球爆炸。因此,活塞通过氢罐的内部压力向前移动,由此排放盖的排放孔打开,并且氢罐中的氢通过排放盖的排放孔被强制排出。
然而,对于具有玻璃球TPRD,如果玻璃球容易被外部冲击破坏,则TPRD可能会产生故障,例如氢被意外的强制排放。
此外,当增加单独的保护零件以增加玻璃球的抗冲击性时,通过增加保护零件改变TPRD的加工设计,从而零件的数量增加,并且组装工艺增加,从而增加制造成本和缺陷的可能性。
在该背景部分公开的上面的信息仅用于增强本发明的背景的理解,并且因而,该背景部分可能包含不形成对于本领域普通技术人员已经知道的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供一种燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置,与现有TPRD相比,能够缩小和减少零件的数量,能够顺利执行TPRD的基本功能,并且能够提高耐用性和安全性,由于抗外部冲击和振动的能力强,能够防止或抑制故障。
本发明提供一种燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置,热激活压力释放装置包括:中空主体,中空主体安装在氢罐的出口处;氢排放块,氢排放块具有多个第一氢排放孔,并且被安装且固定在中空主体的上部中;氢排放管,氢排放管具有多个第二氢排放孔,并且连接到氢排放块的底部;活塞,活塞装配在氢排放管的外侧上,以能够上下移动,并且打开和关闭第二氢排放孔;挡块,挡块安装在中空主体的下部中,并且限制活塞的向下移动距离;以及熔融合金,熔融合金设置在活塞和挡块之间,并且在预定的温度以上熔化。
第一阴螺纹部可形成在中空主体的上部中,并且螺纹紧固到第一阴螺纹部的第一阳螺纹部可形成在氢排放块的外侧上。
第一氢排放孔可通过氢排放块竖直地形成,并且沿氢排放块的周缘以规则的间隔布置。
氢排放管可为具有开放的下部的管,并且可一体形成在氢排放块的第一氢排放孔里面的底部上。
第二氢排放孔可通过氢排放管横向形成,并且在氢排放管周围以规则的间隔布置。
挡块可具有在挡块的外侧上的第二阳螺纹部,以螺纹紧固到形成在中空主体的下端部分的内侧上的第二阴螺纹部,并且可具有形成在挡块的中心处的第三氢排放孔。
用于螺纹紧固挡块的多个工具插入孔可形成在挡块的外侧上。
用于密封地保持氢的O形环和支承环可设置在活塞的外侧上。
熔融合金可为非铅材料的低熔点合金,当温度小于预定的水平时,可保持与挡块上的活塞紧密接触,并且当温度为预定的水平或更高时,可由于由氢的排放压力活塞的向下移动而被熔化且排放到外部
本发明从上面描述的配置提供以下效果。
第一,热激活压力释放装置与现有TPRD相比,能够缩小和减少零件的数量,并且能顺利执行TPRD的基本功能,在预定的温度或更高的温度下将燃料罐中的压力和氢强制排放到外部。
第二,热激活压力释放装置与现有玻璃球类型相比,抗外部冲击和振动能力强,因此可提高耐用性和稳定性,并且可抑制故障。
第三,热激活压力释放装置可被用作安全装置,不仅在氢罐中,而且在LPG(液化石油气)、CNG(天然气)、LNG(液化天然气)罐等中强制排放气体。
从本文提供的描述,另外的适用范围将变得显而易见。应当理解,描述和具体示例旨在仅用于说明的目的,并不旨在限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
为了可很好地理解本发明,现在将参考附图描述以举例的方式给出的本发明的各种形式,在附图中:
图1是示出燃料电池车辆的氢供应装置的框图;
图2是示出根据本发明的燃料电池车辆的TPRD的安装位置的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的TPRD的分解透视图;
图4是根据本发明的TPRD的组装透视图;
图5是示出在根据本发明的TPRD操作之前的状态的截面图;
图6是示出在根据本发明的TPRD操作之后的状态的截面图。
本文描述的附图仅用于说明的目的,并不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
以下描述在本质上仅仅为示例性的,并且不旨在限制本发明、应用或使用。应当理解,贯穿附图,对应的附图标记指示相似或对应的零件和特征。
在下文中,将参考附图详细描述本发明的形式。
图2是示出根据本发明的燃料电池车辆的TPRD的安装位置的示意图,其中附图标记‘10’表示氢罐。
用于允许或停止氢被供应到燃料电池堆的电磁阀11被安装在氢罐10的出口处,并且温度激活压力释放阀(即,接收氢罐10的内部压力的TPRD 100)安装在电磁阀11附近。
当氢罐的温度升高到预定的温度时,TPRD 100具有强制释放氢罐中的氢和压力的功能,以防止如果燃料电池车辆发生火灾,火焰使温度升高,氢罐10的内部压力增加从而使氢罐10爆炸。
图3和图4是分别在根据本发明的TPRD被组装之前和之后的透视图。
根据本发明,中空主体110是构成TPRD 100的框架的一部分,安装在靠近安装在氢罐10出口处的电磁阀11的位置。
为此,在中空主体110的上部外侧形成用于与电磁阀11相邻紧固的螺纹111。
另外,突出压力入口端112形成在中空主体110的上端,并且与氢罐内部连通的压力作用孔113形成在压力入口端112中,因此氢罐的内部压力被施加到压力作用孔113。
特别地,第一螺纹部分114形成在中空主体110的上部的内侧,并且挡块115设置在中空主体110的下部。
氢排放块120、氢排放管130、活塞140和熔融合金150被插入中空主体110中,然后挡块115插入到中空主体110的下端部分,从而支撑熔融合金150。
为此,挡块115在外侧上具有第二阳螺纹部117以螺纹紧固到形成在中空主体110的下端部分的内侧上的第二阴螺纹部116,并且具有通过其中心竖直形成的第三氢排放孔118。
另外,用于螺纹紧固挡块115的多个工具插入孔119竖直形成在挡块115的外侧上。
氢排放块120具有多个第一氢排放孔121,并且固定在中空主体110的上部中。
为此,螺纹紧固到中空主体110的第一阴螺纹部114的第一阳螺纹部122形成在氢排放块120的外侧上。
多个第一氢排放孔121通过氢排放块120竖直形成,并且沿氢排放块120的周缘以规则的间隔布置。
相应地,氢排放块120的第一阳螺纹部122螺纹紧固到中空主体110的第一阴螺纹部114,借此氢块120结合到中空主体110,并且氢排放块120的第一氢排放孔121与压力入口端112的压力作用孔113连通。
氢排放管130具有多个第二氢排放孔132,并且一体连接到氢排放块120的底部。
更详细地,氢排放管130是具有开放的下部的管,其上端一体地连接到氢排放块120的底部,位于多个第一氢排放孔121的内侧,即,氢排放块120的底部的未形成第一氢排放孔121的部分。
第二氢排放孔132通过氢排放管130横向形成,并且在氢排放130周围以规则的间隔布置。
活塞140在中心处具有孔以被装配到氢排放管130的外侧上以可上下移动。
另外,用于密封地保持氢的O形环142和支承环144被设置在活塞140的外侧上。
相应地,当活塞140被装配在氢排放管130的外侧上时,活塞140的内侧关闭氢排放管130的第二氢排放孔132,并且由O形环142和支承环144阻挡从压力入口端112的压力作用孔113通过氢排放块120的第一氢排放孔121在里面流动的氢。
熔合金属150是用于满足环境管制的非铅材料的低熔点合金,并且插入中空主体110中与活塞140的底部紧密接触。
如上所述,氢排放块120、氢排放管130、活塞140和熔融合金150插入到中空主体110中,然后,支撑熔融合金150的挡块115被插入到中空主体110的下端部分中。
也就是说,挡块115的第二阳螺纹部117被螺纹紧固到形成在中空主体110的下端部分的内侧上的第二阴螺纹部116,其中工具被插入到形成在挡块115的外侧上的工具插入孔119中,并且施加转矩,借此挡块115可被容易地紧固。
相应地,熔融合金150被设置在活塞140和挡块115之间。
也就是说,熔融合金150被设置在活塞140和挡块150之间,底部由挡块115支撑,并且顶部与活塞140的底部紧密接触。相应地,当温度小于预定的水平时,熔融合金150通过由挡块115支撑保持与活塞140紧密接触,并且当温度为预定的水平或更高时,由于通过氢的排放压力而活塞140的向下移动而熔化且排放到外部。
在下文中描述具有本发明的该配置的TPRD的操作流程。
图5和图6是示出在根据本发明的TPRD操作之前和之后的状态的截面图。
首先,当温度小于预定的水平时,熔融合金150通过由挡块115支撑保持与活塞140紧密接触。
另外,活塞130保持装配在氢排放管130上,并且活塞140的内侧保持关闭氢排放管130的第二氢排放孔132。
另外,即使从与氢罐内部连通的压力入口端112的压力作用孔113通过氢排放块120的第一氢排放孔121在里面传输的压力被施加到活塞140的顶部,活塞140也不向下移动,因为与活塞140的底部紧密接触的熔融合金150由挡块115支撑和锁定,如图5所示。
另外,由O形环142和支承环144阻挡从与氢罐内部连通的压力入口端112的压力作用孔113通过氢排放块120的第一氢排放孔121在里面流动的氢,因此可抑制设置在活塞140下方的熔融合金150的氢脆。
如果在该状态下在燃料电池车辆中发生火灾且温度由于火焰而增加超过预定的水平,则熔融合金150熔化。
在该情况下,由于熔融合金150已经熔化,并且从挡块115解锁,因此当氢罐的内部压力从压力入口端112的压力作用孔113通过氢排放块120的第一氢排放孔121被施加到活塞140的顶部时,活塞140向下移动。
另外,活塞140在向下移动时按压熔化的熔融合金150,熔化的熔融合金150通过挡块115的第三氢排放孔118和工具插入孔119以及通过中空主体110的下部出口排放到外部。另外,氢排放管130的第二氢排放孔132通过活塞140的向下移动打开。
活塞140的向下移动距离受到限制,直到活塞140的底部到达挡块115的顶部。
相应地,氢罐中的压力和氢穿过压力入口端112的压力作用孔113和氢排放块120的第一氢排放孔121,然后通过氢排放管130的打开的第二氢排放孔132进入氢排放管130。另外,压力和氢穿过与氢排放管130的下部开放部分连通的挡块115的第三氢排放孔118,然后通过中空主体110的下部出口容易地被强制排放到外部。
另一方面,即使在氢罐的内部压力(约700巴)下,氢排放块120也通过螺纹紧固以保持牢固地固定在中空主体110的上部,并且即使在氢罐的内部压力(约700巴)下,挡块115也被螺纹紧固以保持牢固地固定在中空主体110的下部。因此,活塞140和熔融合金150,作为设置在氢排放块120和挡块115之间的操作零件,在正常时间内容易保持锁定而不移动。
如上所述,氢排放块120和挡块115牢固地安装在中空主体110中,以能够抵抗氢罐的内部压力,并且设置在氢排放块120和挡块115之间的活塞140和熔融合金150在正常时间内容易保持锁定而不移动。因此,如上所述,可以容易地抑制由于现有金属熔化/弹簧式TPRD中的弹簧的断裂而导致的TPRD的故障,或由于现有玻璃球类型TPRD中的外部冲击引起的玻璃球的破坏而导致的TPRD的故障。
如上所述,与现有TPRD相比,根据本发明的TPRD能够缩小和减少零件的数量,并且能够顺利执行TPRD的基本功能,在预定的温度以上将燃料罐中的压力和氢强制排放到外部。另外,与现有弹簧式和玻璃球类型不同,根据本发明的TPRD抗外部冲击和振动的能力强,因此可提高耐用性和稳定性,并且可抑制故障。
虽然已经结合目前被认为实际示例性形式描述本发明,但是应当理解,本发明不限于所公开的形式,而正相反,本发明旨在覆盖包括在本发明的精神和范围内的各种修改和等同布置。
Claims (9)
1.一种燃料电池车辆的热激活压力释放装置,所述热激活压力释放装置包括:
中空主体,所述中空主体安装在氢罐的出口处;
氢排放块,所述氢排放块具有多个第一氢排放孔,并被安装和固定在所述中空主体的上部;
氢排放管,所述氢排放管具有多个第二氢排放孔,并与所述氢排放块的底部连接;
活塞,所述活塞装配在所述氢排放管的外侧,能够上下移动并打开和关闭所述第二氢排放孔;
挡块,所述挡块安装在所述中空主体的下部,并且限制所述活塞的向下移动距离;以及
熔融合金,所述熔融合金设置在所述活塞和所述挡块之间,并且在预定的温度以上熔化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,第一阴螺纹部形成在所述中空主体的上部,并且,螺纹紧固到所述第一阴螺纹部的第一阳螺纹部形成在所述氢排放块的外侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,所述第一氢排放孔竖直地穿过所述氢排放块而形成,并且沿所述氢排放块的周缘以规则的间隔布置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,所述氢排放管是具有开放的下部的管,并且一体形成在所述氢排放块的底部,位于所述多个第一氢排放孔的内侧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,所述第二氢排放孔横向地穿过所述氢排放管而形成,并且沿所述氢排放管周向以规则的间隔布置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,所述挡块具有在所述挡块的外侧上的第二阳螺纹部,用于螺纹紧固到形成在所述中空主体的所述下部的内侧上的第二阴螺纹部,并且,所述挡块具有形成在所述挡块的中心的第三氢排放孔。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,在所述挡块的外侧形成用于螺纹紧固所述挡块的多个工具插入孔。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,在所述活塞的外侧设置用于密封氢的O形环和支承环。
9.根据权利要求1所述的热激活压力释放装置,其中,所述熔融合金是非铅材料的低熔点合金,当温度小于预定的水平时,所述熔融合金与所述挡块上的所述活塞保持紧密接触,当温度达到或超过所述预定的水平时,所述熔融合金熔化,并由于氢的排放压力使所述活塞向下移动而被排放到外部。
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US20200365917A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
KR20200132413A (ko) | 2020-11-25 |
EP3739249A1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
US11271225B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 |
EP3739249B1 (en) | 2022-12-14 |
CN111947028B (zh) | 2023-03-14 |
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