JP4776970B2 - ガス燃料車両および自動排出システム - Google Patents
ガス燃料車両および自動排出システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4776970B2 JP4776970B2 JP2005130858A JP2005130858A JP4776970B2 JP 4776970 B2 JP4776970 B2 JP 4776970B2 JP 2005130858 A JP2005130858 A JP 2005130858A JP 2005130858 A JP2005130858 A JP 2005130858A JP 4776970 B2 JP4776970 B2 JP 4776970B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
- B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
- B60K15/07—Mounting of tanks of gas tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/36—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position
- F16K17/38—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/002—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by temperature variation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
- F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
- F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
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- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0311—Closure means
- F17C2205/0317—Closure means fusing or melting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/011—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
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- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
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- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T137/6855—Vehicle
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
- Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
本発明は特に、燃料電池を備えた車両に気体水素および/または気体酸素を貯蔵するためのタンクに関するものである。しかし、本発明がこれに限定されるものではない。
液化石油ガス車両の場合には、例えば火災による異常加熱によって圧力が過度に上昇した時に、たとえ一定出力以下で燃料が火災に供給されることになったとしても、コストを度外視して、爆発の危険を回避するために、ガスを徐々に漏出させる吐出弁が提案されている。過熱下で不可逆的に開口する安全弁が提案されている理由はこのためである。
従来技術としては例えば下記文献を参照できる。
また、燃料残留量が少なく、タンク内の圧力が低い場合には、タンクを作っている材料がその機械的特性を失って降伏点に至るため、安全要素が作用するための圧力まで圧力が上昇する前に爆発が起こってしまう。
下記文献には燃料電池で消費されない水素を排出(vent, 排気)する手段を備えた燃料電池車両が記載されている。
第1実施例で使用する安全弁は形状記憶合金で作られたペレットによって制御される開口機構を有する。第2実施例で提案する安全弁は熱の作用で壊れるカプセルを有する機構によって制御される。これら2つの実施例の利点は車両の全体の運動を制御する電気設備が故障した(作動しない)ときでも機能するという点にある。すなわち、安全弁の制御に必要な要素がサーモメカニカルな原理で機能する。
例えば、車両の床下に火が存在する危険性があるので、排出路を床の下に配管し、この場所に熱的開放弁を取り付け、排出路を床から離れた所、例えば車両の屋根に配置した排出オリフィスまで導くことができる。この例は以下で詳細に説明する。
さらに、同じタンクから導かれる複数の排出路を並行に設け、各排出路を火災が起きやすい車両の区域を通し、そこに熱的開放弁が取り付け、全ての排出路を同じ排出オリフィスに導くこともできる。
以下、下記文献に記載の特定の形式のタンクに本発明を用いた実施例を説明するが、本発明が下記実施例に限定されるものではない。
タンク2の反対面すなわち下側面23には保護金属シート25が取り付けられている。保護金属シート25の直ぐ下側には車両の前後方向に沿って延びた排出路3が設けられている。この実施例および以下の図面でも、排出路3は極めて平らな四角形断面をしている。排出路3は車両の前部で壁31によって密封されている。車両の後部では排出路3に管継手32が接続され、この管継手32にパイプ33が連結している。すなわち、排出路3とパイプ33とが一緒になって排出路(ベント)を形成する。パイプ33は排出オリフィス34に通じており、この排出オリフィス34は車両1の屋根12の近傍の後部垂直壁11に位置している。
[図2]と[図3]は第1実施例を示している。
図にはタンク2に螺合されたネジ部51を有する本体50が見える。この本体50はシート(弁座)52を有し、このシート52はボール53によって密封されている。ボール53はバネ59によって所定の軽い負荷でシート52に向かって押されている。セル20内の流体の圧力が上昇すればするほど、ボール53はシート52にしっかりと押圧され、従って、完全な不浸透性が保証される。
Claims (7)
- 加圧下の流体を貯蔵するタンク(2)を備え、このタンク(2)は排出オリフィス(34)と連通した少なくとも1つの排出路(3、33)に結合され、この排出路(3、33)が少なくとも1つの安全弁を介してタンク(2)に結合されている車両(1)において、
安全弁が、通常は閉じられ、温度上昇作用下に自然に開口する熱的開放弁(5、8)であり、安全弁は車両の火災の影響を受けやすい区域に取り付けられ、上記排出オリフィス(34)がこの区域から離れた所にあり、
熱的開放弁が、所定の閾値温度を超える温度上昇を最初に受けた時に、記憶してある形状を熱的に不可逆な状態でとる形状記憶合金からなり、周囲温度で第1形状を有する形状記憶合金で作られた開放要素を用いた開放機構と、弁座(52)と協働するボール(53)と、ボールを弁座に向かって押し戻すバネ(59)と、を有し、
この開放要素(7)とボール(53)との間にピストン(57)が配置され、上記開放要素(7)は温度上昇を最初に受けた時に予め記憶させた上記第1形状とは異なる別の形状をとり、開放要素が第1形状から予め記憶させた別の形状へ変化したときにピストンがボールを弁座から離すことを特徴とする車両。 - 熱的開放弁(5)がタンク(2)の近傍にある請求項1に記載の車両。
- 排出オリフィス(34)が熱的開放弁(5)からできるだけ離れた車両上の位置にある請求項1または2に記載の車両。
- 車両で使用するのに必要な流体を循環させるためにタンクが相互に連通したセル(20)の組立体を有する請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の車両。
- 排出路に少なくとも2つのセル(20)が開口し、各セルは少なくとも2つの安全弁を介して排出路に結合し、その一方の安全弁は熱的開放安全弁(5または8)であり、他方の安全弁は所定の圧力閾値を超えると自動的に開口する圧力閾値弁(6)である請求項4に記載の車両。
- 熱的開放弁が車両の床の下に取り付けられ、排出オリフィスが車両の床と反対側の表面に到る請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の車両。
- 車両が燃料電池を有し、タンクが気体水素を貯蔵する請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の車両。
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FR0404690A FR2869573B1 (fr) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Vehicule a carburant gazeux et systeme de purge automatique |
FR0404690 | 2004-04-30 |
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US (3) | US7337799B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1925864B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4776970B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101157245B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1693109B (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE546314T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005011522D1 (ja) |
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ATE546314T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
EP1925864B1 (fr) | 2012-02-22 |
KR20060047604A (ko) | 2006-05-18 |
JP2005313895A (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
CN1693104A (zh) | 2005-11-09 |
KR101157245B1 (ko) | 2012-07-03 |
US7762272B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
DE602005011522D1 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
EP1591704B1 (fr) | 2008-12-10 |
US20080196767A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
US7337799B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 |
CN101659209A (zh) | 2010-03-03 |
EP1591704A1 (fr) | 2005-11-02 |
EP1925864A1 (fr) | 2008-05-28 |
FR2869573A1 (fr) | 2005-11-04 |
US7748399B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 |
CN1693109B (zh) | 2010-06-02 |
ATE417223T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
FR2869573B1 (fr) | 2006-06-16 |
CN101659209B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
US20050241693A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
US20080047609A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
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