CN111943951A - 一种有机化合物和使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
一种有机化合物和使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光领域的一种有机化合物和使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(OLED:OrganicLightEmissionDiodes)有视角广阔、响应速度快、色彩质量高、可实现柔性发光等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。OLED器件通常是类三明治结构,包括正负电极膜层及夹在电极膜层之间的有机功能材料层。对OLED器件的电极施加电压,正电荷从正极注入,负电荷从负极注入,在电场作用下正负电荷在有机层中迁移相遇复合发光。已被广泛应用于新型照明灯具、智能手机及平板电脑等产品的显示面板,进一步还将向电视等大尺寸显示产品应用领域扩展,是一种发展快、技术要求高的新型显示技术。有机EL 元件为自发光性元件,因此与液晶元件相比明亮且可见性优异,因此近年来得到广泛研究。
一个效率好寿命长的有机电致发光器件通常是器件结构与各种有机材料的优化搭配的结果。常见的OLED器件通常包括以下种类的有机材料:空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料、电子传输材料,以及各色的发光材料(染料或者掺杂客体材料)和相应的主体材料等。
尽管有机电致发光的研究进展非常迅速,但仍有很多亟待解决的问题,比如外量子效率 (EQE)的提高,色纯度更高的新材料的设计与合成、高效电子传输/空穴阻挡新材料的设计与合成等。对于有机电致发光器件来说,器件的发光量子效率是各种因素的综合反映,也是衡量器件品质的一个重要指标。一般来说,造成器件EQE低的一个主要原因,是由发光材料的电荷注入与传输不平衡引起的。同时,这种不平衡也严重地影响器件的稳定性,使电流将作无效的(不发光)流动,进一步使器件达不到实用化的要求。
通常,空穴传输材料的电子迁移速率比电子传输材料的电子迁移速率高出两个数量级,为使电子和空穴在发光层很好的复合形成激子并发光,通常在制备有机二极管发光器件中采用空穴阻挡层阻止空穴到达电子传输层。空穴阻挡材料应具有较低的HOMO能级,更高的电子迁移速率,更高的三线态能级及较高的氧化电位和较宽的带隙,以提高其电子的传输能力及空穴和激子的阻挡能力,使激子限制在发光层中,减少光能量的损失,大大提高了器件效率。
由于很多有机材料能有效地传输空穴,所以为了提高器件的发光效率,在很多情况下,往往在阴极一侧额外加一层电子传输/空穴阻挡层,以阻挡空穴传输,将载流子复合限制在发光层区域。2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲(BCP)和1,3,5-三(N-苯基-2-苯并咪唑)苯(TPBI)是广泛应用于电致发光器件中的电子传输/空穴阻挡材料,但其在器件中稳定性有待进一步提高。另外的空穴阻挡材料是双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)(4一苯酚基)铝((III)(BAIq),其器件的寿命和稳定性都能得到显著改善。利用BAlq可获得高稳定性绿光、红光磷光器件;不过,其较高的HOMO能级(-5.9eV)以及较低的三重态能级(~2.18eV),不利于获得高效率绿光磷光器件;同时含有BAIq器件的发光效率比含有BCP(T.Watanabeetal.,Proc.SPIE2001, 4105,175)器件的发光效率显著的低(约40%)。因此,尽管BAlq能够实现良好的寿命,但总的说来不是令人满意的空穴阻挡材料,其原因是所制备的器件效率太低。丁桂英,姜文龙,汪津等.研究了不同空穴阻挡材料对白色OLED性能的影响(固体电子学研究与进展,2008, 28(4)),研究结果表明,只采用30nmAlq3作电子传输层的器件的电流效率最大值为 7.84cd/A(9V),而采用10nmAlq3作电子传输层,插入20nm的BCP和TPBi作为空穴阻挡层的期间获得的电流效率最大值分别为9.72cd/A和12.21cd/A(9V),结果表明空穴阻挡材料能改善器件的性能。因而,设计发展高三重态能级空穴阻挡材料(Hole-blockinglayer,HBL)或电子传输材料具有重要意义。一方面增加电子与空穴在发光层中复合几率,减少光能量的损失,大大提高了器件效率;另一方面,高三重态能级有利于使用高效率磷光或TADF材料。
本发明化合物不对称的结构特性提高器件效率,热稳定性、成膜等性能,本专利比较相对合成路线简单。本发明的有机化合物具有较高的三线态能级,能量传递更加充分;电子和空穴的传递更加平衡,器件的效率和寿命更高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有有机电子传输材料中存在的问题,有效提高其电子的传输能力及空穴和激子的阻挡能力,使激子限制在发光层中,减少光能量的损失,进一步提高OLED 器件的效率和稳定性。
本发明提供了一种有机化合物的有机电子传输材料及其合成方法,以及使用该化合物的 EL元件;通过分子设计,引入一些具有刚性结构的大取代基使其不易形成激基复合物,并抑制其结晶过程,改善其成膜性,提高其电荷传输性能。
本发明提供一种有机化合物,其结构式如通式(I)或式(Ⅱ)所示:
其中,R独立地选自氢、氘原子、卤素、C1-C12的烷基、C1-C8的烷氧基、C2-C8取代或未取代的烯基、C2-C8取代或未取代的炔基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C2-C60的杂芳基;Ar1和Ar2独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的 C2-C60的杂芳基;n为0-7的整数。
进一步的,本发明所述的有机化合物,其结构式I中:Ar1和Ar2独立地选自甲基、已基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正己基、C1-C4烷基取代或未取代的以下基团之一、或它们的组合物:(可以取代以下基团任何一个原本有活性氢的位置)
进一步的本发明所述的有机化合物,其结构式I中:R独立地选自以下代表结构
优选的,本发明所述化合物独立地选自下列化合物:
本发明还要求保护一种制剂,包含权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物和至少一种溶剂。
本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光器件,包括阴极层、阳极层和有机层,该有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的至少一层,其特征在于:该器件的有机层中至少有一层含有本发明所述的有机化合物。
在本发明所述的有机电致发光器件中,结构式式(I)或式(Ⅱ)所述的化合物可以单独使用,或和其他化合物混合使用。
在本发明所述的有机电致发光器件中,可以单独使用一种选自结构式式(I)或式(Ⅱ)所述的有机化合物,或同时使用两种或两种以上选自结构式I所述有机化合物。
本发明所述的有机电致发光器件中,使用结构式式(I)或式(Ⅱ)所述化合物的有机层为电子传输层。
本发明所述的有机电致发光元件中,使用结构式式(I)或式(Ⅱ)所述化合物的有机层为发光层主体材料
本发明所述的有机电致器件是有机光伏器件、有机发光器件(OLED)、有机太阳电池 (OSC)、电子纸(e-paper)、有机感光体(OPC)、有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)及有机内存器件(OrganicMemoryElement)中任意一种。
在本发明中,有机电致器件是可以利用喷溅涂覆法、电子束蒸发、真空蒸镀等方法在基板上蒸镀金属或具有导电性的氧化物以及它们的合金形成阳极;在制备得到的阳极表面按顺序蒸镀空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空气阻挡层和电子传输层,以后再蒸镀阴极的方法制备。以上方法以外基板上按阴极、有机物层、阳极顺序蒸镀制作有机电致器件。所述有机物层是也可以包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层及电子传输层等多层结构。在本发明中有机物层是采用高分子材料按溶剂工程(旋转涂膜(spin-coating)、薄带成型 (tape-casting)、刮片法(doctor-blading)、丝网印刷(Screen-Printing)、喷墨印刷或热成像 (Thermal-Imaging)等)替代蒸镀方法制备,可以减少器件层数。
根据本发明的有机电致器件所使用的材料可以分为顶发射、低发射或双面发射。根据本发明实施方案的有机电致器件的化合物可以有机发光器件类似的原理适用于有机太阳能电池、照明的OLED、柔性OLED、有机感光体,有机薄膜晶体管等电致器件方面。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明一种有机化合物合成方法简单,工艺步骤较少,产品分子量比较大,通过单键连接的多个共轭平面基团,空间对称性差,不易结晶分解,提高了材料的热分解温度,保证了材料长时间蒸镀不被分解;本发明的有机化合物应用于电致发光器件,具有较深的HOMO能级能够阻挡激子扩散,提高器件的效率和寿命;本发明的化合物用两个电子传输基团,有效降低了材料的LUMO能级,有利于电子的从阴极注入。本发明的一种有机化合物有效提升电子传输效率,能够平衡发光层中的空穴和电子对,具体表现为器件的效率明显提升,同时提高器件的寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种有机电致发光二极管器件结构层图;
其中,110代表基板,120表示阳极,130表示空穴注入层,140表示空穴传输层,150表示发光层,160表示空穴阻挡层,170表示电子传输层,180表示电子注入层,190表示阴极。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
合成例
1.化合物C-19的合成
在反应容器中装入0.3mmol的2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酸,0.3mmol的S-1,加入0.4mL2M的 KOH,搅拌均匀。像上述反应液中逐滴加入0.3mmol的S-2,接着在室温下搅拌8小时。然后加入7mL的H2O稀释,用三氯甲烷萃取(3x5mL),有机层用Na2SO4干燥,将有机层蒸馏而得到粗产物。粗产物过硅胶柱(吸收剂:AL2O3,洗脱液:三氯甲烷),由此得到C-19(65.2mg,收率36%)。LC-MS:M/Z604.2(M+H)+
2.同制备化合物C-19一样,把原料S-1和不同的氰基取代物反应得到如下化合物,具体如下表:
3.化合物C-189的合成
在反应容器中装入0.3mmol的2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酸,0.3mmol的S-3,加入0.4mL2M的 KOH,搅拌均匀。像上述反应液中逐滴加入0.3mmol的S-2,接着在室温下搅拌8小时。然后加入7mL的H2O稀释,用三氯甲烷萃取(3x5mL),有机层用Na2SO4干燥,将有机层蒸馏而得到粗产物。粗产物过硅胶柱(吸收剂:AL2O3,洗脱液:三氯甲烷),由此得到C-189(65.2mg,收率36%)。LC-MS:M/Z604.2(M+H)+
通过IPS和紫外吸收光谱测试,以上化合物的LUMO能级在-3.2eV至-2.95eV之间。与阴极的功函数势垒差很小,有利于电子的注入。
器件实施例1:
其制备步骤包括:
a.清洗透明的OLED顶发光玻璃基板分别用去离子水、丙酮、异丙醇超声清洗15min, 80℃烘干1h,投入蒸镀腔,等离子处理阳极表面;
b.在阳极表面通过热蒸镀的方式蒸镀空穴注入层材料HT-1:NDP-9(10nm:0.5)
c.通过热蒸镀的方式蒸镀HT-1(1250nm),该层为空穴传输层;
d.在空穴传输层表面蒸镀HT-2(100nm),该层为发光层和空穴传输层的缓冲层;
e.通过热蒸镀的方式蒸镀化合物BH和BD(300nm:2%),该层为发光层;
f.在HBL1层表面蒸镀ETL1和LiQ(175nm:175),该层为ETL层;
g.在发光层表面蒸镀LiF(1nm),该层为空穴传输层;
h.在ETL层表面以热蒸镀方式蒸镀Ag、Mg(12nm:1.2)该层为阴极;
i.在阴极表面蒸镀一层CPL(700nm)层,该层主要提高光提取率;
按照上述步骤完成电致发光器件后,测量器件的电流效率和寿命,器件的电流-亮度-电压特性是由带有校正过的硅光电二极管的Keithley源测量系统(Keithley2400Sourcemeter、 Keithley2000Currentmeter)完成的,电致发光光谱是由法国JY公司SPEXCCD3000光谱仪测量的,所有测量均在室温大气中完成。相关的分子结构如下所示:
器件实施例2:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD2;
器件实施例3:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-1;
器件实施例4:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-19;
器件实施例5:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-41;
器件实施例6:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-70;
器件实施例7:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-80;
器件实施例8:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-82;
器件实施例9:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-85。
器件实施例10:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-189。
器件实施例11:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-348。
器件实施例12:制备步骤同实施例1,发光层掺杂材料蒸镀BD1,电子传输层即ETL层材料替换为化合物C-384。
表1为本发明实施例和比较例制备得到的有机发光器件的性能检测结果。
表1
从上述表1结果中,采用本发明提供的有机电致器件用化合物制备有机电致器件,有机电致器件的发光效率提升了20%以上和寿命特性也显著提高。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
5.一种制剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物和至少一种溶剂。
6.一种有机电致发光器件,包括阴极层、阳极层和有机层,该有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的至少一层,其特征在于:该器件的有机层中至少有一层含有如权利要求1至权利要求4任一权利要求所述的有机化合物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,权利要求1至权利要求4任一权利要求所述的化合物可以单独使用,或和其他化合物混合使用。
8.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,单独使用一种选自如权利要求1所述的有机化合物,或同时使用两种或两种以上选自如权利要求1所述有机化合物。
9.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光器件,其中,使用所述化合物的有机层为电子传输层。
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