CN111926153B - Heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body - Google Patents
Heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111926153B CN111926153B CN202010885579.XA CN202010885579A CN111926153B CN 111926153 B CN111926153 B CN 111926153B CN 202010885579 A CN202010885579 A CN 202010885579A CN 111926153 B CN111926153 B CN 111926153B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment process for improving grain size coarseness of a precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body, which comprises the following steps: step 1), carrying out ultralow temperature solution treatment, wherein the charging temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, heating to 580-680 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 3-8 h, heating to 750-850 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-10 h; discharging and cooling; step 2), putting the workpiece into a heating furnace for high-temperature solid solution, wherein the feeding temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, heating to 580-680 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 3-8 h, heating to 1020-1040 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-10 h; then discharging and cooling; and 3) loading the workpiece into a furnace for aging treatment, wherein the charging temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, heating to 500-600 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, carrying out temperature equalization for 5-8 h, carrying out heat preservation for 5-8 h, discharging from the furnace, carrying out air cooling to room temperature, obviously improving the grain size after heat treatment, and increasing the grain size from the original coarse 3-5 grade to more than or equal to 5 grade, thereby reducing waste loss and ensuring the product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of metal materials, and particularly relates to a heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of a precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body.
Background
The precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body is mainly applied to the oil exploitation industry, and the valve body is required to have the characteristics of corrosion resistance, high strength, good toughness, fatigue resistance and the like in the using process. But the alloy composition among the precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body product is higher, in the forging process, along with forging temperature's reduction forging stock inside can separate out the brittle precipitate, lead to forging stock edges and corners and surface easy appearance fracture phenomenon, cause the product to scrap, consequently add man-hour in the forging and processing for guaranteeing forging stock surface quality, adopt many times of fire forging in the forging process, the forging stock keeps warm at high temperature and keeps warm many times, lead to the inside grain size of product thick, the grain size is at 1-2 level, if according to conventional heat treatment production technology: the high-temperature solid solution and aging mode is used for production, the phenomenon of coarse grain size in the product is difficult to effectively improve, the grain size of the product can only reach 3-5 grade, the technical requirement that the grain size of the product is more than or equal to 5 grade cannot be met, and the product percent of pass is 60-70%. Therefore, a heat treatment process for improving the coarseness of the grain size of the precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body product is urgently needed, the grain size of the product after heat treatment is improved to be more than or equal to grade 5, and the product qualification rate reaches more than 95%, so that the waste loss is reduced, the product quality is ensured, and the market demand is met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a heat treatment process which can improve the grain size grade of a precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body product, thereby reducing the waste loss, ensuring the product quality and improving the coarse grain size of the precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body,
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of a precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1), firstly, carrying out ultralow temperature solution treatment, wherein the ultralow temperature solution treatment parameters are controlled as follows: the temperature of the furnace is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is increased to 580-680 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, the temperature is maintained for 3-8 h, the temperature is increased to 750-850 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 5-10 h; then discharging and cooling;
step 2), firstly, putting the workpiece subjected to the step 1) into a heating furnace for high-temperature solid solution, wherein the parameters of the high-temperature solid solution treatment are controlled as follows: the temperature of the furnace is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is increased to 580-680 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, the temperature is maintained for 3-8 h, the temperature is increased to 1020-1040 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 5-10 h; then discharging and cooling;
step 3), loading the workpiece after the step 2) into a furnace for aging treatment, wherein the aging treatment parameters are controlled as follows: the temperature of the furnace is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is increased to 500-600 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, the temperature is equalized for 5-8 h, the temperature is kept for 5-8 h, and the furnace is taken out and air-cooled to the room temperature.
Discharging and cooling in the step 1), wherein the specific control steps of cooling are as follows:
step a), discharging and air cooling for less than or equal to 100 s;
step b), water cooling for 10-40 min, and controlling the water temperature to be less than or equal to 25 ℃;
step c), air cooling for 80-200 s;
step d), water cooling for 10-40 min;
step e), air cooling for 80-300 s;
step f), water cooling for 5-20 min;
and g), air-cooling the valve body to room temperature.
In the step 2), tapping and cooling are carried out, and the specific control steps of cooling are as follows:
step a), discharging and air cooling for less than or equal to 100 s;
step b), water cooling for 5-20 min, and controlling the water temperature to be less than or equal to 25 ℃;
step c), cooling the oil for 100-200 min, and controlling the oil temperature to be less than or equal to 70 ℃;
and d), air-cooling the valve body to room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the ultra-low temperature solid solution strengthening and the high temperature solid solution strengthening are combined for the first time, and an intermittent full water cooling mode is adopted during cooling, so that the risk of cracking of the workpiece caused by overlarge thermal stress is avoided.
2. Avoiding the coarsening of crystal grains caused by the repeated long-time heat preservation of the workpiece produced by the conventional heat treatment process at a high temperature stage.
3. The ultra-low temperature heating and solid solution are firstly adopted, so that the austenite grain size is ensured to be in a state of a smaller initial grain size for solid solution cooling, and a fine lath martensite is obtained, so that preparation is made for subsequently performing high-temperature solid solution refining on grains, and grain refinement and homogenization can be ensured. The qualification rate of the precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body product produced by the heat treatment process is improved to more than 95 percent from the original 60 to 70 percent, the grain size of the valve body product after heat treatment is obviously improved, and the grain size is improved to more than or equal to 5 grade from the original coarse 3 to 5 grade grain size.
The invention solves the problem of coarse grain size of the precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body, reduces waste loss and ensures product quality.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of a precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body comprises the following steps: 17-4PH, chemical composition: 0.038% for C, 0.43% for Si, 0.68% for Mn, 15.14% for Cr, 4.78% for Ni, 0.005% for S, 0.016% for P, 3.33% for Cu, 0.31% for Nb, and the following specifications: 560mm 510mm 1610mm square billet, grain size of square billet: and (4) level 1.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
step 1), firstly, carrying out ultralow temperature solution treatment, wherein the ultralow temperature solution treatment parameters are controlled as follows: the charging temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is maintained at 600 ℃ for 5 hours according to the speed of less than or equal to 90 ℃/h, the full power is increased to 820 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 10 hours, and the material is discharged and cooled: 1. taking out the workpiece from the furnace, air cooling for 80s, 2, water cooling for 10min, controlling the water temperature to be less than or equal to 25 ℃, 3, air cooling for 100s, 4, water cooling for 20min, 5, air cooling for 100s, 6, water cooling for 10min, 7, and air cooling the workpiece to room temperature;
step 2), after the air cooling in the step 1) is finished, the valve body is put into a high-temperature furnace, and high-temperature solution treatment is carried out: the charging temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 7h at 600 ℃ according to the speed of less than or equal to 90 ℃/h, the full power is increased to 1040 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10h, and the material is taken out of the furnace for cooling: 1. taking out the workpiece from the furnace, air cooling for 80s, 2, water cooling for 10min, controlling the water temperature to be less than or equal to 25 ℃, 3, oil cooling for 150min (controlling the oil temperature to be less than or equal to 70 ℃), and 4, air cooling the workpiece to the room temperature;
step 3, after the air cooling in the step 2) is finished, the valve body is arranged in a low-temperature furnace, and the aging treatment is carried out: the charging temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is increased to less than or equal to 90 ℃/h, the temperature is heated to 550 ℃, the temperature is equalized for 7h, the temperature is kept for 8h, and the mixture is discharged from the furnace and cooled to the room temperature by air.
After the production according to the heat treatment process, the detection results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test results
After the heat treatment process for improving the coarseness of the grain size of the precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body is produced, the performance and the grain size detection result meet the requirements and are delivered successfully.
Example 2: a heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of a precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body comprises the following steps: 17-4PH, chemical composition: 0.035% of C, 0.45% of Si, 0.70% of Mn, 14.86% of Cr, 4.65% of Ni, 0.004% of S, 0.017% of P, 3.19% of Cu and 0.28% of Nb. Specification: 566mm 515mm 1533mm square billets. Grain size of square billet: and (4) level 1.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
step 1), firstly, carrying out ultralow temperature solution treatment, wherein the ultralow temperature solution treatment parameters are controlled as follows: the charging temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is kept at 600 ℃ for 5h according to the speed of less than or equal to 90 ℃/h, the full power is increased to 820 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10h, and the material is taken out of the furnace for cooling: 1. taking out the workpiece from the furnace, air cooling for 80s, 2, water cooling for 10min, controlling the water temperature to be less than or equal to 25 ℃, 3, air cooling for 100s, 4, water cooling for 20min, 5, air cooling for 100s, 6, water cooling for 10min, 7, and air cooling the workpiece to room temperature;
step 2), after the air cooling in the step 1) is finished, the valve body is put into a high-temperature furnace, and high-temperature solution treatment is carried out, wherein the parameters of the high-temperature solution treatment are controlled as follows: the charging temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 7h at 600 ℃ according to the speed of less than or equal to 90 ℃/h, the full power is increased to 1040 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10h, and the material is taken out of the furnace for cooling: 1. taking out the workpiece from the furnace, air cooling for 80s, 2, water cooling for 10min (the water temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 25 ℃), 3, oil cooling for 150min, the oil temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 70 ℃, 4, and air cooling the workpiece to room temperature;
and 3) after the air cooling in the step 2) is finished, loading the valve body into a low-temperature furnace, and performing aging treatment: the temperature is increased to 550 ℃ at the temperature of less than or equal to 400 ℃ and less than or equal to 90 ℃/h, the temperature is equalized for 7h, the temperature is kept for 8h, the mixture is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature by air cooling
After the production according to the heat treatment process, the detection results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 test results
After the heat treatment process for improving the coarseness of the grain size of the precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body is produced, the performance and the grain size detection result meet the requirements and are delivered successfully.
Claims (3)
1. A heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of a precipitation hardening stainless steel valve body is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the heat treatment process is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1), firstly, carrying out ultralow temperature solution treatment, wherein the ultralow temperature solution treatment parameters are controlled as follows: the temperature of the furnace is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is increased to 580-680 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, the temperature is maintained for 3-8 h, the temperature is increased to 750-850 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 5-10 h; then discharging and cooling;
step 2), firstly, putting the workpiece subjected to the step 1) into a heating furnace for high-temperature solid solution, wherein the parameters of the high-temperature solid solution treatment are controlled as follows: the temperature of the furnace is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is increased to 580-680 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, the temperature is maintained for 3-8 h, the temperature is increased to 1020-1040 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 5-10 h; then discharging and cooling;
step 3), loading the workpiece after the step 2) into a furnace for aging treatment, wherein the aging treatment parameters are controlled as follows: the temperature of the furnace is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is increased to 500-600 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h-100 ℃/h, the temperature is equalized for 5-8 h, the temperature is kept for 5-8 h, and the furnace is taken out and air-cooled to the room temperature.
2. The heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of precipitation hardened stainless steel valve bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein: discharging and cooling in the step 1), wherein the specific control steps of cooling are as follows:
step a), discharging and air cooling for less than or equal to 100 s;
step b), water cooling for 10-40 min, and controlling the water temperature to be less than or equal to 25 ℃;
step c), air cooling for 80-200 s;
step d), water cooling for 10-40 min;
step e), air cooling for 80-300 s;
step f), water cooling for 5-20 min;
and g), air-cooling the valve body to room temperature.
3. The heat treatment process for improving coarse grain size of precipitation hardened stainless steel valve bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), tapping and cooling are carried out, and the specific control steps of cooling are as follows:
step a), discharging and air cooling for less than or equal to 100 s;
step b), water cooling for 5-20 min, and controlling the water temperature to be less than or equal to 25 ℃;
step c), cooling the oil for 100-200 min, and controlling the oil temperature to be less than or equal to 70 ℃;
and d), air-cooling the valve body to room temperature.
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| CN105648370A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-08 | 中南大学 | Heat treatment technology for improving mechanical properties of rare earth magnesium alloy castings |
| CN109680194A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-26 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | A kind of high-intensitive extrudate preparation method of Mg-Zn-Sn-Mn alloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105648370A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-08 | 中南大学 | Heat treatment technology for improving mechanical properties of rare earth magnesium alloy castings |
| CN109680194A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-26 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | A kind of high-intensitive extrudate preparation method of Mg-Zn-Sn-Mn alloy |
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