CN108441615B - Hardening and tempering method of 12Cr13 stainless steel bar - Google Patents
Hardening and tempering method of 12Cr13 stainless steel bar Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hardening and tempering method of a 12Cr13 stainless steel bar, and aims to provide a method for ensuring mechanical property, reducing production cost and improving production efficiency. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: by optimizing a quenching and tempering heat treatment process, namely adding an incomplete annealing pretreatment process before quenching and tempering, and then carrying out (quenching and tempering) quenching and tempering, straightening and stress relief annealing by adopting a table furnace/continuous heating furnace, wherein the impact value of the straightening and stress relief on the annealed bar at 0 ℃ is not greatly changed, and finally the mechanical property of the 12Cr13 bar completely meets the standard requirement of nuclear power materials; by applying the technical scheme, even if the traditional heating furnace is adopted for quenching and tempering the heat-treated bar material, the mechanical property can meet the requirement of the standard nuclear power quenching and tempering state 12Cr13, especially the impact value at 0 ℃ is greatly improved, and the numerical value is stably fluctuated; after heat treatment, the deviation of the Hardness (HBW) of the whole bar is not more than 15; the heat treatment cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material heat treatment, and particularly relates to a hardening and tempering method of a 12Cr13 stainless steel bar.
Background
The 12Cr13 belongs to martensitic stainless steel, can obtain higher strength and toughness and good machining performance after quenching and tempering, and is suitable for manufacturing parts with medium strength and higher toughness and bearing impact load. In recent years, driving rods for driving mechanisms of nuclear power plants at home and abroad, fastener parts for the nuclear power plants and the like are made of hardened and tempered 12Cr13 stainless steel, the driving rod is one of key parts of a reactor of the nuclear power plant, and the driving rod is mainly used for timely, quickly and reliably moving up and down to control the insertion or extraction of a fuel control rod when needed. The application of the alloy on a nuclear power station has extremely high quality requirement on 12Cr13 stainless steel, the requirement on 0 ℃ impact toughness value is not less than 40J on the premise of having the requirement on ultimate high strength, and the 0 ℃ impact value of a domestic hardened and tempered 12Cr13 stainless steel bar is difficult to meet the requirement; and another technical difficulty of the quenched and tempered 12Cr13 bar is that the quenched and tempered bar is bent, and needs to be straightened and stress relief annealed, so that the 0 ℃ impact value is further reduced. In the prior art at home and abroad, although various methods are available for manufacturing the 12Cr13 bar used as the raw material of the driving rod, the impact toughness at 0 ℃ can not meet the requirement of not less than 40J after quenching and tempering heat treatment. In order to solve the problem that the impact value after quenching and tempering cannot reach the standard, a company specially producing nuclear power driving rods in France adopts a continuous induction furnace for quenching and tempering, so that the mechanical property of the driving rods meets the standard requirement, but the quenching and tempering method of the continuous induction furnace has high production cost and low production efficiency due to high instantaneous heating energy consumption and small heat treatment rod material capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a hardening and tempering method of a 12Cr13 stainless steel bar, and aims to provide a method for hardening and tempering the 12Cr13 stainless steel bar for driving rods/fasteners and the like of a nuclear power station driving mechanism, wherein the method has the advantages that the mechanical property meets the standard requirement, the production cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the blank at home and abroad is filled.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
smelting by (EAF + LF + VOD + ESR) → rolling 12Cr13 bar → incomplete annealing → continuous heating furnace for (quenching + tempering) tempering → straightening → stress relief annealing.
The production process comprises the following steps:
⑴ steel ingots are produced by adopting a (EAF + LF + VOD + ESR) smelting mode;
1. chemical composition of steel ingot (%): carbon: 0.08-0.150, manganese is not more than 1.00, silicon is not more than 1.00, sulfur is not more than 0.030, phosphorus is not more than 0.030, chromium: 11.50-13.50, nickel is not more than 0.60, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. An electric furnace EAF + LF + VOD + electroslag remelting (ESR) is adopted to smelt the steel ingot, and the purity and the components inside the steel ingot are ensured to be uniform.
3. The specification of the electroslag steel ingot is phi 610 mm.
⑵ steel ingot rolling process;
1. and after heating and fully burning the electroslag steel ingot, rolling a square billet by adopting a 850 mill.
2. After the blank is heated and soaked, the finished product with the specification of phi 20 mm-phi 90mm is rolled by adopting a rolling mill.
⑶ incomplete pre-annealing, quenching and tempering heat treatment of finished bar
The first step is as follows: and (3) performing incomplete annealing on the rolled finished bar in a chamber furnace, heating along with the furnace to 30-50 ℃ above Ac1, preserving heat for not less than 8h, then slowly cooling to 640 ℃, discharging, and air cooling (see figure 1).
The second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a table furnace/continuous furnace, wherein the quenching temperature is not lower than 920 ℃;
the third step: after quenching and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging, cooling the bar in a quenching tank in an oil cooling/water-air alternative time control mode, and cooling the bar at the surface temperature of not higher than 400 ℃;
the fourth step: the quenched bar is subjected to tempering heat treatment in a table furnace/a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 640-680 ℃;
the fifth step: after the bar material is tempered and heat-preserved, quickly discharging and air-cooling;
⑷ Bar straightening and stress relief annealing
1. The bar is deformed due to quenching and bending, and needs to be straightened after tempering is finished, so that the straightness of the bar is ensured.
2. The straightened bar is subjected to stress relief annealing treatment by a continuous furnace, the stress relief tempering temperature is 580-640 ℃, and the bar is cooled in air after being discharged from the furnace;
3. peeling the bar after the heat treatment is finished, wherein the size of the peeled bar meets the requirement of a contract.
Second, the 12Cr13 bar material for the nuclear power station driving mechanism/fastener has the standard requirement of mechanical property after quenching and tempering heat treatment
⑴ mechanical properties
Bar delivery Hardness (HB): 228 to 285
The mechanical properties of the samples after heat treatment were tested and should meet the specifications in Table 1.
TABLE 1
⑵ the non-metallic inclusion qualification grade should meet the specification of Table 2.
TABLE 2
⑶ grain size grade not less than 5 grade
Description of the innovative points of the present invention: by optimizing the quenching and tempering heat treatment process, namely adding an incomplete annealing pretreatment process before quenching and tempering, and then carrying out (quenching and tempering) quenching and tempering, straightening and stress relief annealing by adopting a table furnace/continuous heating furnace, wherein the impact value of the straightening and stress relief to the annealed bar at 0 ℃ is not greatly changed, and finally the mechanical property of the 12Cr13 bar completely meets the standard requirement of nuclear power materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
⑴ adding an incomplete pre-annealing process before the quenching and tempering heat treatment, so that the impact value at 0 ℃ is stable and not reduced after the quenched and tempered bar is straightened and annealed by stress relief;
⑵ by applying the technical scheme, even if the traditional heating furnace is adopted for quenching and tempering heat treatment of the bar, the mechanical property can meet the requirement of the standard nuclear power quenching and tempering state 12Cr13, especially the impact value at 0 ℃ is greatly improved, and the numerical value is stable and fluctuated;
⑶ the heat treatment cost is reduced and the production efficiency is improved;
⑷ the deviation of the Hardness (HBW) of the whole bar is not more than 15HB after heat treatment, and the bar is uniform.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of an incomplete pre-annealing process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The embodiment 1-3 adopts the same process flow: EAF + LF + VOD + electroslag remelting (ESR) (electroslag ingot phi 610mm) → rolling square billet → rolling finished product (finished product phi 20 mm-phi 90mm) → incomplete pre-annealing of finished product → thermal refining and heat treatment → peeling.
In the process flow, the same process steps of the embodiments 1 to 3 are as follows:
1. producing a steel ingot by adopting a (EAF + LF + VOD + ESR) smelting mode;
① the steel ingot is smelted by adopting electric furnace EAF + LF + VOD + electroslag remelting (ESR), which ensures the purity and the components inside the steel ingot to be uniform.
The specification of ② electroslag steel ingot is phi 610 mm.
2. A steel ingot rolling and forming process;
① after heating and burning the electroslag steel ingot, rolling the square billet by a 850 mill.
② heating the blank, soaking, and rolling to obtain the final product.
4. Bar straightening
① the bar is deformed by quenching and bending, and needs to be straightened after tempering, so as to ensure the straightness of the bar.
②, stress relief annealing treatment is carried out on the straightened bar by adopting a continuous furnace;
③ peeling the bar after heat treatment, the size of peeled bar meets the contract requirement.
Example 1
1. Steel ingot smelting process
The chemical composition of the electroslag ingot is shown in table 3.
2. Steel ingot rolling and forming process
Rolling to obtain the finished product bar with the size of phi 30 mm.
3. Incomplete pre-annealing, quenching and tempering heat treatment of finished bar
The first step is as follows: and (3) performing incomplete annealing on the finished bar in a No. 9 chamber furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 760 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 16h, then slowly cooling to 620-628 ℃ at the speed of not more than 50 ℃/h, discharging, and air cooling.
The second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a continuous furnace, wherein the quenching temperature is 930 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h40 min;
the third step: cooling the bar material by adopting a water-air alternative time control mode, wherein the surface temperature of the bar material is not higher than 290 ℃, and air cooling;
the fourth step: carrying out tempering heat treatment on the quenched bar in a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 660 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 h;
the fifth step: and (4) after the tempering and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging and air cooling.
4. Stress relief annealing of bars
Performing stress relief annealing treatment on the straightened bar by adopting a continuous furnace, wherein the stress relief annealing temperature is 620 ℃, the heat preservation temperature deviation is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h and 20 min;
5. test results
① the results of the mechanical property test are shown in Table 4.
② results of the examination for non-metallic inclusions are shown in Table 5.
Example 2
1. Steel ingot smelting process
The chemical composition of the electroslag ingot is shown in table 3.
2. Steel ingot rolling and forming process
Rolling to obtain the finished product bar with the size of phi 50 mm.
3. Incomplete pre-annealing, quenching and tempering heat treatment of finished bar
The first step is as follows: and (3) performing incomplete annealing on the finished bar in a 7# chamber furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 760 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 18h, then slowly cooling to 630 ℃ at the speed of not more than 60 ℃/h, discharging, and air cooling.
The second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a continuous furnace, the quenching temperature is 930 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours;
the third step: cooling the bar material by adopting a water-air alternative time control mode, wherein the surface temperature of the bar material is not higher than 280 ℃, and air cooling;
the fourth step: carrying out tempering heat treatment on the quenched bar in a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 660 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3h and 45 min;
the fifth step: and (4) after the tempering and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging and air cooling.
4. Stress relief annealing of bars
Performing stress relief annealing treatment on the straightened bar by adopting a continuous furnace, wherein the stress relief annealing temperature is 630 ℃, the heat preservation temperature deviation is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
5. test results
① the results of the mechanical property test are shown in Table 4.
② results of the examination for non-metallic inclusions are shown in Table 5.
Example 3
1. Steel ingot smelting process
The chemical composition of the electroslag ingot is shown in table 3.
2. Steel ingot rolling and forming process
Rolling to obtain the finished product bar with the size phi of 75 mm.
3. Incomplete pre-annealing, quenching and tempering heat treatment of finished bar
The first step is as follows: and (3) performing incomplete annealing on the finished bar in a 7# chamber furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 760 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 18h, then slowly cooling to 630 ℃ at the speed of not more than 60 ℃/h, discharging, and air cooling.
The second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a continuous furnace, the quenching temperature is 930 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours;
the third step: cooling the bar material by adopting a water-air alternative time control mode, wherein the surface temperature of the bar material is not higher than 260 ℃, and air cooling;
the fourth step: carrying out tempering heat treatment on the quenched bar in a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 660 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
the fifth step: and (4) after the tempering and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging and air cooling.
4. Stress relief annealing of bars
Performing stress relief annealing treatment on the straightened bar by adopting a continuous furnace, wherein the stress relief annealing temperature is 630 ℃, the heat preservation temperature deviation is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
5. test results
① the results of the mechanical property test are shown in Table 4.
② results of the examination for non-metallic inclusions are shown in Table 5.
Results of chemical composition examination of examples 1 to 3
TABLE 3
Results of testing mechanical properties at room temperature in examples 1 to 3
TABLE 4
Results of examination of nonmetallic inclusions in examples 1 to 3
TABLE 5
Claims (4)
1. A hardening and tempering method of a 12Cr13 stainless steel bar is characterized in that: the quenching and tempering method is to add an incomplete annealing pretreatment process before quenching and tempering, then to adopt a desk furnace/continuous heating furnace to carry out quenching and tempering,
the first step is as follows: the rolled finished bar is subjected to incomplete annealing in a chamber furnace, the temperature is raised along with the furnace, the bar is heated to be 30-50 ℃ above Ac1, the temperature is kept for not less than 8h, then the bar is slowly cooled to be below 640 ℃, taken out of the furnace and air-cooled;
the second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a table furnace/continuous furnace, wherein the quenching temperature is not lower than 920 ℃;
the third step: after quenching and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging, cooling the bar in a quenching tank in an oil cooling/water-air alternative time control mode, and cooling the bar at the surface temperature of not higher than 400 ℃;
the fourth step: the quenched bar is subjected to tempering heat treatment in a table furnace/a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 640-680 ℃;
the fifth step: and (4) after the tempering and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging and air cooling.
2. The method for hardening and tempering a 12Cr13 stainless steel bar according to claim 1, wherein: the incomplete annealing pretreatment and the quenching and tempering treatment by a bench furnace/continuous heating furnace,
the first step is as follows: performing incomplete annealing on the finished bar in a No. 9 chamber furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 760 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 16h, then slowly cooling to 620-628 ℃ at the speed of not more than 50 ℃/h, discharging, and air cooling;
the second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a continuous furnace, wherein the quenching temperature is 930 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h40 min;
the third step: cooling the bar material by adopting a water-air alternative time control mode, wherein the surface temperature of the bar material is not higher than 290 ℃, and air cooling;
the fourth step: carrying out tempering heat treatment on the quenched bar in a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 660 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 h;
the fifth step: and (4) after the tempering and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging and air cooling.
3. The method for hardening and tempering a 12Cr13 stainless steel bar according to claim 1, wherein: the incomplete annealing pretreatment and the quenching and tempering treatment by a bench furnace/continuous heating furnace,
the first step is as follows: performing incomplete annealing on the finished bar in a 7# chamber furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 760 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 18h, then slowly cooling to 630 ℃ at the speed of not more than 60 ℃/h, discharging, and air cooling;
the second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a continuous furnace, the quenching temperature is 930 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours;
the third step: cooling the bar material by adopting a water-air alternative time control mode, wherein the surface temperature of the bar material is not higher than 280 ℃, and air cooling;
the fourth step: carrying out tempering heat treatment on the quenched bar in a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 660 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3h and 45 min;
the fifth step: and (4) after the tempering and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging and air cooling.
4. The method for hardening and tempering a 12Cr13 stainless steel bar according to claim 1, wherein: the incomplete annealing pretreatment and the quenching and tempering treatment by a bench furnace/continuous heating furnace,
the first step is as follows: performing incomplete annealing on the finished bar in a 7# chamber furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 760 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 18h, then slowly cooling to 630 ℃ at the speed of not more than 60 ℃/h, discharging, and air cooling;
the second step is that: quenching heat treatment is carried out on the bar subjected to incomplete pre-annealing in a continuous furnace, the quenching temperature is 930 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours;
the third step: cooling the bar material by adopting a water-air alternative time control mode, wherein the surface temperature of the bar material is not higher than 260 ℃, and air cooling;
the fourth step: carrying out tempering heat treatment on the quenched bar in a continuous furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 660 ℃, the deviation of the heat preservation temperature is +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
the fifth step: and (4) after the tempering and heat preservation of the bar are finished, quickly discharging and air cooling.
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| CN111074044A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-28 | 江苏贯森新材料科技有限公司 | Method for modulating mechanical property of superhard stainless steel |
| CN112322846A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-05 | 安徽合力股份有限公司合肥铸锻厂 | Clean heat treatment process for 42CrMo material high-strength bolt |
| CN113249552B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-03-31 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Quenching and tempering heat treatment process for improving flaw detection clutter of 2Cr13 rotor |
| CN113884354A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-01-04 | 江苏裕隆锻造有限公司 | Manufacturing and testing method of 1Cr13 evaluation test bar |
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