CN112322846A - Clean heat treatment process for 42CrMo material high-strength bolt - Google Patents
Clean heat treatment process for 42CrMo material high-strength bolt Download PDFInfo
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- CN112322846A CN112322846A CN202011230064.2A CN202011230064A CN112322846A CN 112322846 A CN112322846 A CN 112322846A CN 202011230064 A CN202011230064 A CN 202011230064A CN 112322846 A CN112322846 A CN 112322846A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0093—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for screws; for bolts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A cleaning heat treatment process for a 42CrMo high-strength bolt comprises the following steps: s1, heating and insulating the bolt blank; s2, injecting water into the quenching water tank to raise the temperature; s3, controlling the quenching process of the bolt blank; s3.1, controlling the cooling process; s3.2, controlling the tempering process; and S4, testing the quenched workpiece to be qualified. The invention adopts a water cooling heat treatment process to carry out quenching and tempering treatment on the high-strength bolt made of 42CrMo alloy steel, the cooling time of a quenched workpiece in water is strictly controlled by using a special quenching water tank and a heat-resistant steel material frame, the rapid cooling of the quenched workpiece at the initial cooling stage is realized by controlling the weight ratio of water to the quenched workpiece and the initial temperature of water, and the slow cooling of the quenched workpiece at the low-temperature stage is realized by means of the rising of water temperature, so that the uniformity of the internal and external hardness of the quenched workpiece is good, the hardness is HRC33-34, the mechanical property meets the requirement of a 10.9-grade high-strength bolt, and the heat treatment quality is stable; meanwhile, the production site is clean, and the environmental protection requirement is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of metal materials, and particularly relates to a clean heat treatment process of a 42CrMo high-strength bolt.
Background
The high-strength bolt used on the cement mechanical vertical mill requires 10.9 grades, and the mechanical performance index requirements reach: tensile strength is not less than 1000MPa, yield ratio is 0.9, and yield strength is not less than 900 MPa.
The blank is made of 42CrMo material, the size of the blank is phi 52 × 890, the blank requires quenching and tempering heat treatment (quenching and high-temperature tempering), and the hardness requirement reaches HRC 30-34.
42CrMo material is easy to crack or deform in the quenching process due to good hardenability, and oil or quenching liquid is widely used for cooling and quenching in industrial production. But oil quenching not only increases the cost, but also generates oil smoke to cause environmental pollution, and is easy to fire; meanwhile, after quenching, the consistency of the hardness of the outer layer and the inner part of the workpiece is poor. The quenching liquid is prepared by adding various surfactants into polyether polymer materials, is easy to age, decay and smell, pollutes the environment, has poor stability of quenching effect and high maintenance cost. Oil or quench liquid quenching both bring occupational health problems to line production personnel.
As is well known, water is a low-cost and pollution-free quenching medium, but the cooling property of water at normal temperature is easy to crack a quenched workpiece, so that the application of the quenched workpiece is limited, and therefore, alloy steel is generally quenched by oil or quenching liquid in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention adopts a unique water cooling heat treatment process to carry out quenching and tempering treatment on the high-strength bolt made of 42CrMo alloy steel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a clean heat treatment process for a 42CrMo material high-strength bolt, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a cleaning heat treatment process for a 42CrMo high-strength bolt comprises the following steps:
s1 heating and insulating bolt blank
Firstly, stacking bolt blanks to be processed on a heat-resistant steel material frame of a horizontal porous partition structure at intervals in a layered manner, then sending the two heat-resistant steel material frames loaded with the bolt blanks into a trolley furnace, and carrying out heating and heat preservation treatment at the high temperature of 840 ℃;
s2 temperature rise by water injection of quenching water tank
Firstly, according to the weight ratio of water amount to quenching workpiece of 6: 1, injecting water into the quenching water tank, and then after the water injection is finished, raising the temperature of the water in the quenching water tank to 40 ℃ from the normal temperature for standby;
s3 bolt blank quenching process control
S3.1 Cooling Process control
Firstly, hoisting and quenching a frame bolt blank subjected to high-temperature heat preservation at 840 ℃ in the step S1 into a quenching water tank with the water temperature of 40 ℃ in the step S2, and performing up-and-down movement and left-and-right swinging operation on a quenching workpiece to quickly raise the water temperature in the quenching water tank, discharging water after quenching cooling for 100 seconds, raising the water temperature in the quenching water tank to 55 ℃, and finishing cooling; then, quenching and cooling the second frame bolt blank according to the same steps, wherein the second frame bolt blank is quenched and cooled for 150 seconds and then discharged, at the moment, the temperature of water in a quenching water tank rises to 65 ℃, and cooling is finished;
s3.2 tempering Process control
Firstly, putting the two-frame bolt blank subjected to quenching cooling in the step S3.1 into a tempering furnace, tempering for 4.5 hours at the temperature of 570 ℃, straightening after finishing tempering and discharging from the furnace and cooling, and then performing stress relief treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 550 ℃;
s4 qualified test of quenched workpiece
And (4) performing spot inspection on four layers of the two-frame bolt blank quenched in the step S3, performing hardness inspection and tensile test testing, and storing the two-frame bolt blank for later use after the hardness inspection and tensile test are qualified.
Furthermore, the heat-resistant steel frame comprises a frame body with a rectangular structure, a plurality of rows of continuous through holes are longitudinally arranged in parallel on the frame body at intervals, and at least two supporting blocks which are oppositely arranged at intervals are integrally connected to the bottom surface of the frame body.
Further, the layers of the bolt blanks on the heat-resistant steel material frame are separated by two bolt blanks arranged at opposite intervals, and the adjacent bolt blanks on each layer are separated by a round steel piece.
Further, the round steel piece is an inverted U-shaped structural piece.
Further, the quenching water tank comprises a tank body, the tank body is of a hollow cuboid groove-shaped structure, and at least more than two reinforcing rib rings are arranged on the outer side wall of the tank body at intervals in the circumferential direction.
Further, the box body and the reinforcing rib ring of the quenching water tank are both made of heat-resistant steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a water cooling heat treatment process to carry out quenching and tempering treatment on the high-strength bolt made of 42CrMo alloy steel, the cooling time of a quenched workpiece in water is strictly controlled by using a special quenching water tank and a heat-resistant steel material frame, the rapid cooling of the quenched workpiece at the initial cooling stage is realized by controlling the weight ratio of water to the quenched workpiece and the initial temperature of water, and the slow cooling of the quenched workpiece at the low-temperature stage is realized by means of the rising of water temperature, so that the uniformity of the internal and external hardness of the quenched workpiece is good, the hardness is HRC33-34, the mechanical property meets the requirement of a 10.9-grade high-strength bolt, and the heat treatment quality is stable;
2. the invention is quenched by water, the production workshop has no smoke pollution, clean production is carried out, the environment and the physical and mental health of operators are protected, and the national requirement on environmental protection is met;
3. the invention saves resources and cost, and the cost of the water is much lower compared with the cost of oil or quenching liquid;
4. the invention eliminates unsafe factors which can cause fire when oil quenching.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a quenching water tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view showing the structure of a heat-resistant steel material frame according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view showing a structure in which a bolt blank is stacked on a heat-resistant steel frame in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view showing a structure in which a bolt blank is stacked on a heat-resistant steel frame in the present invention;
figure 5 shows a block diagram of the thermal processing process of the present invention.
Shown in the figure: 1. a quenching water tank; 11. a box body; 12. a reinforcing rib ring; 2. a heat-resistant steel frame; 21. a frame body; 22. a through hole; 23. a support block; 3. a bolt blank; 4. round steel pieces.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 5, a cleaning heat treatment process for a 42CrMo material high strength bolt comprises the following steps:
s1 heating and insulating bolt blank
Firstly, stacking bolt blanks 3 to be processed on a heat-resistant steel material frame 2 with a horizontal porous partition structure at intervals in a layered manner, then sending the two heat-resistant steel material frames 2 loaded with the bolt blanks 3 into a trolley furnace, and carrying out heating and heat preservation treatment at the high temperature of 840 ℃;
s2 temperature rise by water injection of quenching water tank
Firstly, according to the weight ratio of water amount to quenching workpiece of 6: 1 proportion, injecting water into the quenching water tank 1, and then after the water injection is finished, raising the temperature of the water in the quenching water tank 1 to 40 ℃ from normal temperature for standby;
s3 bolt blank quenching process control
S3.1 Cooling Process control
Firstly, hoisting and quenching a frame bolt blank 3 subjected to high-temperature heat preservation at 840 ℃ in the step S1 into a quenching water tank 1 with the water temperature of 40 ℃ in the step S2, and performing up-and-down movement and left-and-right swinging operation on a quenching workpiece to quickly raise the water temperature in the quenching water tank 1, discharging water after quenching cooling for 100 seconds, raising the water temperature in the quenching water tank 1 to 55 ℃, and finishing cooling; then, quenching and cooling the second frame bolt blank 3 according to the same steps, wherein the second frame bolt blank 3 is quenched and cooled for 150 seconds, water is discharged, at the moment, the temperature of water in the quenching water tank 1 rises to 65 ℃, and cooling is finished;
s3.2 tempering Process control
Firstly, putting the two-frame bolt blank 3 subjected to quenching cooling in the step S3.1 into a tempering furnace, tempering for 4.5 hours at the temperature of 570 ℃, straightening after discharging and cooling after the tempering is finished, and then performing stress relief treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 550 ℃;
s4 qualified test of quenched workpiece
And (4) performing spot inspection on four layers of the two-frame bolt blank 3 subjected to quenching treatment in the step S3, performing hardness inspection and tensile test testing, and storing the blank for later use after the test is qualified.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat-resistant steel frame 2 includes a frame body 21 having a rectangular structure, a plurality of rows of through holes 22 are longitudinally arranged in parallel on the frame body 21, and at least two or more supporting blocks 23 are integrally connected to a bottom surface of the frame body 21.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the layers of the bolt blanks 3 on the heat-resistant steel material frame 2 are separated by two bolt blanks 3 which are oppositely arranged at intervals, and the adjacent bolt blanks 3 on each layer are separated by a round steel piece 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the round steel member 4 is an inverted U-shaped structural member.
As shown in fig. 1, the quenching water tank 1 includes a tank body 11, the tank body 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped groove-shaped structure with a hollow interior, and at least two or more reinforcing rib rings 12 are circumferentially provided on an outer side wall of the tank body 11 at intervals.
Preferably, the tank body 11 and the reinforcing rib ring 12 of the quenching water tank 1 are made of heat-resistant steel.
The bolt blank processed by the embodiment has good uniformity of internal and external hardness, and the hardness is HRC 33-34.
According to the requirement of high-strength bolts with the grade of 10.9, the tensile strength is not less than 1000MPa, the yield ratio is 0.9, and the yield strength is not less than 900 MPa; after tensile test, each performance index of the result is qualified.
The measured result data is as follows: the tensile strength is 1066MPa, the yield strength is 958MPa, and the mechanical properties meet the requirements of a 10.9-grade high-strength bolt.
Practice proves that 40 tons of the high-strength bolts are treated every year by using the water cooling heat treatment process method, and good economic benefit and social benefit are obtained.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
ideally, in a high-temperature region, the super-cooled austenite is relatively stable, and a quenched workpiece should be slowly cooled to reduce thermal stress; the middle temperature region, namely the region near the nose, is the region where the super-cooled austenite is most unstable, and the cooling speed of the quenched workpiece is required to be greater than the critical cooling speed at 650-400 ℃ in general so as to prevent the pearlite or bainite transformation from occurring; has a moderate cooling capability at a low temperature region (less than 400 ℃), i.e., at the martensite transformation point, so that the quenched workpiece passes through the quenching danger region at a slow cooling rate, preventing deformation and cracking due to great structural stress and thermal stress.
The cooling rate characteristic of the water at normal temperature is just opposite to the above ideal case in the critical temperature range of quenching. In the critical temperature zone of quenching of 650-550 ℃, water is in the steam film stage, the cooling speed is not fast and is less than 200 ℃/s; the quenching workpiece is cooled to 400 ℃ and enters a boiling stage, namely a quenching dangerous area, the cooling speed is rather fast, and the cooling speed reaches the maximum about 340 ℃ for water with the temperature of 20 ℃. Therefore, the cooling characteristic of the normal temperature water is easy to crack the workpiece, and the application of the workpiece is limited, so that the alloy steel is generally quenched by oil or quenching liquid in the prior art.
However, the present invention achieves rapid cooling of the quenched workpiece at the initial stage of cooling by controlling the weight ratio of water to the quenched workpiece and the initial temperature of water, and achieves slow cooling of the quenched workpiece at a low temperature stage by means of an increase in the water temperature, and the heat treatment quality is stable.
The quenching water tank is provided with a plurality of quenching water tanks, wherein the quenching water tanks are provided with a plurality of quenching water inlets and a plurality of quenching water outlets; the vapor film stage is shortened, the characteristic temperature Tv of water is moved upwards, and the temperature corresponding to the maximum cooling speed is also moved upwards, so that the martensite transformation zone is avoided.
The water temperature as a quenching medium is increased through the heat exchange process during quenching, and the maximum cooling capacity is greatly reduced along with the increase of the water temperature; the cooling speed is slowed down in a martensite dangerous quenching crack area, the data introduces that when the water temperature is 60 ℃, the quenching workpiece is at 200-300 ℃, the average cooling speed is only 210 ℃/s, the ideal cooling capacity of water is obtained, and the regulation and control of the cooling characteristic are realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cleaning heat treatment process for a 42CrMo high-strength bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 heating and insulating bolt blank
Firstly, stacking bolt blanks (3) to be processed on a heat-resistant steel material frame (2) with a horizontal porous partition structure at intervals in a layered manner, then sending the two heat-resistant steel material frames (2) loaded with the bolt blanks (3) into a trolley furnace, and carrying out heating and heat preservation treatment at the high temperature of 840 ℃;
s2 temperature rise by water injection of quenching water tank
Firstly, according to the weight ratio of water amount to quenching workpiece of 6: 1 proportion, injecting water into the quenching water tank (1), and then after the water injection is finished, raising the temperature of the water in the quenching water tank (1) from normal temperature to 40 ℃ for standby;
s3 bolt blank quenching process control
S3.1 Cooling Process control
Firstly, hoisting and quenching a frame bolt blank (3) subjected to high-temperature heat preservation at 840 ℃ in the step S1 into a quenching water tank (1) with the water temperature of 40 ℃ in the step S2, and performing up-down movement and left-right swinging operation on a quenching workpiece to quickly raise the water temperature in the quenching water tank (1), discharging water after quenching cooling for 100 seconds, wherein the water temperature in the quenching water tank (1) is raised to 55 ℃, and finishing cooling; then, quenching and cooling the second frame bolt blank (3) according to the same steps, wherein the second frame bolt blank (3) is quenched and cooled for 150 seconds and then water is discharged, at the moment, the temperature of water in the quenching water tank (1) rises to 65 ℃, and cooling is finished;
s3.2 tempering Process control
Firstly, putting the two-frame bolt blank (3) subjected to quenching cooling in the step S3.1 into a tempering furnace, tempering for 4.5 hours at the temperature of 570 ℃, straightening after finishing tempering and discharging from the furnace and cooling, and then performing stress relief treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 550 ℃;
s4 qualified test of quenched workpiece
And (4) performing spot inspection on four layers of the two-frame bolt blank (3) quenched in the step S3, performing hardness inspection and tensile test testing, and storing the blank in a warehouse for later use after the test is qualified.
2. The clean heat treatment process of the 42CrMo high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the heat-resistant steel frame (2) comprises a frame body (21) of a rectangular structure, a plurality of rows of continuous through holes (22) arranged at intervals are longitudinally arranged on the frame body (21) in parallel, and at least two supporting blocks (23) arranged at intervals are integrally connected to the bottom surface of the frame body (21).
3. The clean heat treatment process of the 42CrMo high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the heat-resistant steel material frame (2) is provided with bolt blanks (3) which are separated from one another by two bolt blanks (3) arranged at opposite intervals, and each layer of bolt blanks (3) is adjacent to each other and separated by a round steel piece (4).
4. The clean heat treatment process of the 42CrMo high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the round steel piece (4) is an inverted U-shaped structural piece.
5. The clean heat treatment process of the 42CrMo high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the quenching water tank (1) comprises a tank body (11), wherein the tank body (11) is of a hollow cuboid groove-shaped structure, and at least more than two reinforcing rib rings (12) are arranged on the outer side wall of the tank body (11) at intervals in the circumferential direction.
6. The clean heat treatment process of the 42CrMo high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 5, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the box body (11) and the reinforcing rib ring (12) of the quenching water tank (1) are both made of heat-resistant steel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011230064.2A CN112322846A (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2020-11-06 | Clean heat treatment process for 42CrMo material high-strength bolt |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011230064.2A CN112322846A (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2020-11-06 | Clean heat treatment process for 42CrMo material high-strength bolt |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114990316A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-02 | 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for main shaft of wind generating set |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114990316A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-02 | 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for main shaft of wind generating set |
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Application publication date: 20210205 |