CN104694832B - Martensitic stainless steel for nuclear reactor and preparation method of stainless steel - Google Patents
Martensitic stainless steel for nuclear reactor and preparation method of stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses martensitic stainless steel for a nuclear reactor and a preparation method of the stainless steel, belonging to the technical field of nuclear power steel. The martensitic stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, 11.0-15.0 percent of Cr, 1.8-3.5 percent of Ni, 1.0-1.8 percent of Mo, 0.3-2.0 percent of W, 0.10-0.40 percent of V, 0.10-0.50 percent of Nb, 0.02-0.20 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Co, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cu and the balance of Fe and the inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adopting a process for performing vacuum induction smelting and electroslag remelting duplex smelting, cutting the heads and tails of the cast steel ingots, cogging, and forging, thereby obtaining the rod blank; and processing the rod blank into a part blank, and performing heat treatment. According to a martensitic stainless steel workpiece prepared by the method, the internal stress generated in the quenching process is reduced, deformation of the workpiece is improved, cracking of the workpiece is avoided, the yield of the product is obviously improved, and the requirement on the service performance of the manufactured workpiece is met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to midium-carbon steel technical field, more particularly to a kind of used by nuclear reactor martensitic stain less steel and preparation
Method, is primarily adapted for use in the fields such as the energy, metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry.
Background technology
Also known as nuclear power plant, it refers to make nuclear fuel with uranium, plutonium etc. nuclear power station, the energy conversion that it is produced in fission reaction
Power plant for electric energy.Nuclear power plant is mainly distinguished with the species of reactor, pressure water heap nuclear power plant, boiling-water reactor nuclear power plant, weight
Water-water reactor nuclear power plant, water cooled graphite moderated reactor nuclear power plant, gas cooled graphite moderated reactor nuclear power plant, HTGR nuclear power plant and fast neutron breeding core
Power plant etc..Nuclear power station substantially can be divided into two parts: a part is to produce the nuclear island of steam using nuclear energy, include reactor assembly with
Primary Ioops system；Another part is the conventional island using steam-electric power, including steam turbine generator system.Nuclear fuel is in reactor
The disintegration energy producing, is mainly occurred in the form of heat energy.It finally uses steam or gas to drive through the carrier band of coolant and conversion
Dynamic turbine generation unit generates electricity.Nuclear power plant is all to carry highly active key equipment to be all arranged in containment vessel Factory Building,
So that it is excessive to limit radioactive substance under loss of-coolant accident (LOCA) or other major accidents.In order to ensure reactor core nuclear fuel in any situation
Under wait until cool down and avoid burning fusing, nuclear power plant is provided with multinomial security system.Nuclear power station is anti-except key equipment core
Answer out-pile, also many matched visual plants., they are main pumps, manostat, and steam is sent out taking pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant as a example
Raw device, containment, steam turbine generator and critical cooling system etc..They have respective specific function in nuclear power station.
Rustless steel can be divided into ferritic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, martensitic stain less steel and precipitation hard according to tissue
Change type rustless steel.Martensitic stain less steel is an important class in rustless steel, because corrosion resistant characteristic will be had, in steel all
To contain higher cr content, generally more than 11%, and in order to obtain martensite, Austria also to be added in steel in quenching process
Family name's body element, such as c, mn and ni etc., so can be obtained by fully austenitic structure at high temperature, in subsequent cooling procedure
In, supersaturated solid solution martensite in austenite for the c could be formed, so that steel obtains higher intensity and good moulding
Toughness.High due to also having intensity while martensitic stain less steel has anti-corrosion stainless, thus in industrial circle quilt
It is widely used for manufacturing load part.In nuclear power industry, martensitic stain less steel also has wide application, such as in nuclear reactor
Holddown spring, support plate, the main pump shaft in main pump and other stressed members.
Heat treatment is metal material to be placed on heating in certain medium, insulation, cooling, by changing material surface or interior
The crystalline phase organizational structure in portion, to change a kind of metal heat processing technique of its performance.Power required for making metal works have
Learn performance, physical property and chemical property, in addition to reasonable selection material and various forming technology, Technology for Heating Processing often must not
Can lack.Iron and steel is most widely used material in mechanical industry, and microstructure of iron and steel is complicated, can be controlled by heat treatment
System, so the heat treatment of iron and steel is the main contents of metal heat treatmet.In addition, aluminum, copper, magnesium, titanium etc. and its alloy also can
Its mechanics, process based prediction model are changed by heat treatment, to obtain different serviceabilities.Iron and steel bulk heat treatmet substantially has
Annealing, normalizing, quenching and four kinds of basic technologies of tempering.Annealing is by workpiece heat to proper temperature, according to material and workpiece chi
Very little using different temperature retention times, then carry out Slow cooling it is therefore an objective to make metal inside organize reach or close to poised state,
Obtain good processing performance and serviceability, or make tissue for quenching further and prepare.Normalizing is to suitable by workpiece heat
Cool down in atmosphere after suitable temperature, the effect of normalizing is similar with annealing, and the tissue simply obtaining is thinner, is usually used in improving material
Cutting ability, be also occasionally used for some less demanding parts as finished heat treatment.Quenching is to be incubated workpiece heat
Afterwards, quickly cool down in water, the oily or hardening media such as other inorganic salt, aqueous organopolysiloxane.After quenching, steel part is hardening, but same time-varying
Crisp, in order to eliminate fragility in time, generally require timely tempering.In order to reduce the fragility of steel part, the steel part after quenching is being higher than
Room temperature and be less than 650 DEG C of a certain proper temperature and be incubated for a long time, then cooled down, this technique is referred to as being tempered.
The most frequently used Technology for Heating Processing of martensitic stain less steel is quenching and is tempered, and quenching technical is to obtain high strength martensitic
Must be through approach.Hardening media can be water, oil, quenching oil etc., for the high martensitic stain less steel of alloy extent, or even air cooling
Martensitic structure can be obtained.Because martensitic structure has intensity height, the high feature of hardness, but plasticity and poor toughness, institute
Carry out temper to typically require, martensitic structure is adjusted, obtain preferable obdurability coupling.Due to quenching technical
It is typically chilling at high temperature, the stress that martensitic phase transformation produces is overlapped mutually with thermal stress, produce in inside workpiece very big
Internal stress, can make workpiece deform, even ftracture, therefore, good quenching technical to be to pass for martensitic stain less steel
Important.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of used by nuclear reactor martensitic stain less steel and preparation method, the present invention can drop
The internal stress of low workpiece, reduces the deformation of workpiece, it is to avoid the cracking of workpiece, improves the yield rate of workpiece；The method has operation
Simple it is easy to the features such as grasp.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved in that
The martensitic stain less steel of the present invention adopts vacuum induction furnace smelting, then through electroslag remelting, forms steel ingot.
Its chemical composition composition percentage by weight is: c:0.05～0.20%, si :≤0.5%, mn :≤0.5%, p :≤
0.020%, s :≤0.020%, cr:11.0～15.0%, ni:1.8～3.5%, mo:1.0～1.8%, w:0.3～2.0%,
V:0.10～0.40%, nb:0.10～0.50%, n:0.02～0.20%, co :≤0.05%, cu :≤0.02%, remaining is
Fe and inevitable impurity.
Steel ingot after cast crop first and back-end crop, remove the portion that the more position of afterbody impurity and head are mutually melted with parallels
Point, head excises the 5% of whole steel ingot weight, and afterbody excises the 8% of whole steel ingot weight, then carries out surface polishing, clears up table
Face, it is to avoid crackle occurs during forging.It is then passed through hammer cogging, the as-cast structure of broken steel ingot, form Bar material blank.Subsequently will
Bar material blank is forged into the bar of different size, is then passed through making annealing treatment, then bar is processed into part blank, carry out at heat
Reason.Blank carries out Quenching Treatment first, and hardening heat is 1120 DEG C～1140 DEG C, and (insulation 1～3 hour) temperature retention time is according to zero
Part effective thickness determines.After insulation terminates, workpiece is air cooled to 800 DEG C～820 DEG C, then puts the workpiece in quenching oil again
Workpiece is taken out after oil cooling to room temperature and is carried out temper by row oil cooling, and temperature is 570 DEG C～590 DEG C, is incubated 2～4
Hour, air cooling.
The present invention it is critical only that: first passes through and smelted using vacuum induction smelting+electroslag remelting process, vacuum induction smelting
During refining, when vacuum reaches 0.2～0.3pa, power transmission, melting stage vacuum must not be less than 0.3pa, and fusing time is little for 2～3
When, refining time is 30～60 minutes, and refining period vacuum must not be less than 0.5pa.During electroslag remelting, reference current be 5500～
6000a, voltage is 48～54v, a diameter of 300mm of crystallizer, obtains the steel ingot of high cleanliness.Secondly adopt suitable quencher
Skill, it is to avoid in the direct rapid cooling in high-temperature region, reduce martensite transformation stress and thermal stress, is not affecting to obtain martensitic structure
Under the premise of, that is, on the premise of ensureing that material has good strength, reduce the deformation of workpiece, it is to avoid cracking, improve work
The qualification rate of part.
Used in nuclear power station steel the degree of purity of material is required higher, especially to impurity elements such as s, p, co, cu, o, n, h and
Elemental gas, impurity element therein can lead to material embrittlement during long-term neutron irradiation, seriously reduces making of material
Use performance.And elemental gas, especially o, it is the essential element forming non-metallic inclusion, the increase of o content can increase non-gold
Belong to the quantity of field trash, reduce the fatigue behaviour of material.Adopt vacuum induction smelt can effectively reduce in steel impurity element with
And elemental gas content, improve the metallurgical quality of steel.The preferable steel ingot of crystalline state can be obtained using electroslag remelting technique,
Be conducive to the lumber recovery improving forging process and the plasticity and toughness improving steel；Martensite is that steel is heated to after uniform temperature through rapid
Cooling, steel is hardening, a kind of enhanced quenching state tissue for making of obtaining.The formation of martensite must affect horse through quenching
Family name's volume morphing and typically hardening heat and two factors of rate of cooling of performance.Hardening heat is generally in the critical point temperature of steel
More than degree, this is to obtain completely austenite structure.Cooling procedure usually requires that quick cooling, is so solid-solubilized in austenite
In carbon have little time separate out, be the formation of supersaturated solid solution in austenite for the carbon, also with regard to martensite.Because martensite is formed
During have Volumetric expansion, cause distortion of lattice, cause transformation stress in material internal, this stress is to eliminate
, it exists along with martensitic phase transformation.Simultaneously as quenching process is directly quickly to cool down from the condition of high temperature, due to temperature
Great change also produce sizable thermal stress in material internal.Martensite transformation stress and thermal stress combine it is possible to
Exceed the yield strength of material, the even more than tensile strength of material, thus result in material and deformation occurs, even ftracture.Quench
Producing the maximum interval of thermal stress during fire should be that section of short period just taken out from glowing furnace, because steel
Material at high temperature temperature drop than temperature drop at a lower temperature more much faster, the thermal stress of generation is also accordingly much bigger.Therefore, exist
High temperature section adopts air cooling, slows down workpiece rate of cooling, can effectively reduce the thermal stress of workpiece.Ensure workpiece before rapid cooling simultaneously
Temperature still during Near The Critical Point, the rapid cooling so below, still can obtain martensitic structure, to workpiece
Performance impact is little.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
Prior art is generally carried out for the quenching technical of martensitic stain less steel by the way of water-cooled, oil cooling, but from height
Temperature is lower to adopt the thermal stress ratio that both hardening medias produce larger, with being superimposed of transformation stress, thermal stress there is a possibility that workpiece becomes
Shape, or even cracking, percent defective is higher.The present invention, by adopting air cooling in hot stage, slows down cooling rate, reduces the heat of workpiece
Stress, reduces the temperature to critical point adnexa, is more quickly cooled down, and reduces the change of workpiece while obtaining martensitic structure
Shape, it is to avoid cracking, improves the qualification rate of product.
Specific embodiment
With reference to exemplary embodiments, the invention will be further described.
In the present embodiment, using 1 ton of vacuum induction furnace smelting, 6 stoves are successively smelted, every steel ingot weighs about 1 ton.Vacuum sense
When should smelt, when vacuum reaches 0.2～0.3pa, power transmission, melting stage vacuum must not be less than 0.3pa, and fusing time is 2～3
Hour, refining time is 30～60 minutes, and refining period vacuum must not be less than 0.5pa.Steel ingot, through polishing, surface treatment, is made
Carry out electroslag remelting for electrode, during electroslag remelting, reference current is 5500～6000a, and voltage is 48～54v, crystallizer diameter
For 300mm, form ESR ingot.The concrete composition of the 6 stove martensitic stain less steels smelted is as shown in table 1.
6 ESR ingots after cast are carried out crop and back-end crop, removes the more position of afterbody impurity and head and parallels
The part mutually melted, then carry out surface polishing, clear up surface, it is to avoid crackle occurs during forging.It is then passed through hammer cogging, broken steel
The as-cast structure of ingot, forms Bar material blank, and the cogging of ESR ingot is carried out in 2000 tons of quick forging machines.Subsequently Bar material blank is forged
Become different size bar, bar forging tonnage be 5 tons pneumatic hammer on carry out.Then by bar through annealing, then
Bar after annealing is processed into part blank, carries out heat treatment.Blank carries out Quenching Treatment first, and hardening heat is 1120 DEG C
～1140 DEG C, it is incubated 1～3 hour, temperature retention time determines according to part effective thickness.After insulation terminates, use infrared thermometry
Instrument measures workpiece temperature, when workpiece temperature reaches 800 DEG C～820 DEG C, puts the workpiece in quenching oil and carries out oil cooling, wait to be as cold as
After room temperature, workpiece is taken out and carry out temper, temperature is 570 DEG C～590 DEG C, be incubated 2～4 hours, air cooling.
In the present embodiment 6 stove steel adopt the Fractional Heat-treatment technique of the present invention and directly carry out the workpiece that oil cooling obtains
Qualification rate situation is shown in Table 2, from Table 2, it can be seen that using in the present invention Technology for Heating Processing, the yield rate of workpiece carries significantly
Height, the quantity of defective workpiece significantly reduces；Segmentation in direct oil cooling and the present invention for the 6 stove steel in the present embodiment is cold
But the mechanical property of the workpiece that technique obtains is shown in Table 3, from the mechanics shown in table 3, being obtained using the Technology for Heating Processing in the present invention
Although performance is slightly less than adopts water-cooled and oil cooling technique, but still requirements that meet the specification, does not affect it and use.
Table 1 embodiment of the present invention chemical composition (wt%)
Table 2 embodiment of the present invention accepted product percentage synopsis
Table 3 embodiment of the present invention mechanical property
Claims (1)
1. a kind of manufacture method of used by nuclear reactor martensitic stain less steel it is characterised in that:
Using vacuum induction smelting+electroslag remelting two-link smelting process；When vacuum induction is smelted, reach 0.2 when vacuum～
0.3pa, power transmission, melting stage vacuum must not be less than 0.3pa, and fusing time is 2～3 hours, and refining time is 30～60 minutes,
Refining period vacuum must not be less than 0.5pa；During electroslag remelting, electric current is 5500～6000a, and voltage is 48～54v, and crystallizer is straight
Footpath is 300mm；Butt ingot after cast and back-end crop, head excises the 5% of whole steel ingot weight, and afterbody excises whole steel ingot weight
The 8% of amount；Form Bar material blank after cogging, forging；Through annealing, then Bar material blank is processed into part blank,
Carry out heat treatment；The parameter that its Technology for Heating Processing controls is as follows:
Hardening heat is 1120 DEG C～1140 DEG C, is incubated 1～3 hour, after terminating, workpiece is air cooled to 800 DEG C～820 DEG C,
Then put the workpiece in again in quenching oil and carry out oil cooling, after oil cooling to room temperature, workpiece is taken out and carry out temper, tempering temperature
Spend for 570 DEG C～590 DEG C, be incubated 2～4 hours, air cooling；
The chemical composition of described martensitic stain less steel is by weight percentage: c:0.05～0.20%, si :≤0.5%, mn:
≤ 0.5%, p :≤0.020%, s :≤0.020%, cr:11.0～15.0%, ni:1.8～3.5%, mo:1.0～1.8%,
W:0.3～2.0%, v:0.10～0.40%, nb:0.10～0.50%, n:0.02～0.20%, co :≤0.05%, cu :≤
0.02%, remaining is fe and inevitable impurity.
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| CN106098131B (en) * | 2016-07-17 | 2018-05-01 | 福建省德鲁士润滑油有限公司 | A kind of nuke rubbish packing device |
| CN105957574B (en) * | 2016-07-17 | 2018-05-15 | 江苏中海华核电材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of nuke rubbish packing device |
| CN106756606B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of martensite heat resistant steel and its Method of grain display |
| CN108642406A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-12 | 西华大学 | A kind of martensite heat-resistant steel |
| CN108866453B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-11-24 | 西京学院 | Martensite heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109504901A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-22 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of low activation martensitic steel and its heat treatment method of fast reactor fuel can |
| CN110938772B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-08-21 | 南华大学 | C-N-O supersaturated solid solution martensitic stainless steel powder and preparation and cladding methods thereof |
| CN113774279B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-07-01 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Nuclear reactor alloy material, preparation method, component and welding method thereof |
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| GB2368849B (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2005-01-05 | Res Inst Ind Science & Tech | Martensitic stainless steel having high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance |
| CN1114715C (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2003-07-16 | 浦项产业科学研究院 | Martensitic stainless steel with high mechanical strength and anti-corrosion |
| JP3768091B2 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2006-04-19 | 浦項産業科学研究院長 | High strength and high corrosion resistance martensitic stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN100363524C (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2008-01-23 | 上海材料研究所 | Anticorrosion and antiwear martensitic stainless steel and its production method and use |
| JP5092204B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2012-12-05 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Stainless steel pipe for oil wells with excellent pipe expandability |
| CN101545076B (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2012-11-21 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Martensite refractory stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102168226B (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2013-04-10 | 裘德鑫 | Martensite antibacterial stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102286706B (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-10-31 | 上海电力修造总厂有限公司 | Martensitic stainless steel capable of resisting occlusal wear |
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