CN104099456A - Forging and heat treatment method of 9Cr18MoV steel forging - Google Patents
Forging and heat treatment method of 9Cr18MoV steel forging Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种9Cr18MoV钢锻件的锻造及热处理方法，其步骤为：将9Cr18MoV钢锭装入热处理炉中进行锻前热处理；在一定的温度区间内对经上述热处理后的9Cr18MoV钢锭进行锻造制坯；在一定的温度区间内对上述9Cr18MoV钢坯料进行终锻成形，得到9Cr18MoV钢锻件；将上述9Cr18MoV钢锻件进行正火热处理；将上述9Cr18MoV钢锻件进行回火热处理。通过对各类工艺参数的合理控制，使9Cr18MoV钢锻件具有良好的抗腐蚀性能。从而使9Cr18MoV钢锻件能够成功的用于制造燃气轮机等零部件。The invention discloses a forging and heat treatment method for a 9Cr18MoV steel forging. The steps include: loading a 9Cr18MoV steel ingot into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment before forging; and forging the 9Cr18MoV steel ingot after the above heat treatment in a certain temperature range to make a billet Carry out final forging to the above-mentioned 9Cr18MoV steel billet in a certain temperature range to obtain a 9Cr18MoV steel forging; carry out normalizing heat treatment on the above-mentioned 9Cr18MoV steel forging; carry out tempering heat treatment on the above-mentioned 9Cr18MoV steel forging. Through reasonable control of various process parameters, 9Cr18MoV steel forgings have good corrosion resistance. Therefore, 9Cr18MoV steel forgings can be successfully used to manufacture parts such as gas turbines.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及不锈钢锻件的锻造及热处理方法方法，特别是涉及了一种9Cr18MoV钢锻件的锻造及热处理方法。The invention relates to a forging and heat treatment method of a stainless steel forging, in particular to a forging and heat treatment method of a 9Cr18MoV steel forging.
背景技术Background technique
9Cr18MoV钢是一种马氏体型不锈钢，具有良好的耐腐蚀性。钢中添加的Mo元素和V元素，能够提高钢的抗点蚀能力，同时，提高了钢的热强性使其能够在更高的温度下使用。燃气轮机的许多零部件采用的是该材料锻件。9Cr18MoV steel is a martensitic stainless steel with good corrosion resistance. The Mo element and V element added to the steel can improve the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel, and at the same time, improve the thermal strength of the steel so that it can be used at a higher temperature. Many parts of gas turbines use forgings of this material.
采用常规的锻造方法对9Cr18MoV钢进行锻造时，经常会出现碳化物在晶间析出，在后续热处理过程中出现渗碳、渗氮和渗氢等现象，严重影响了9Cr18MoV钢的抗腐蚀性能。When 9Cr18MoV steel is forged by conventional forging methods, carbides often precipitate between grains, and carburization, nitriding, and hydrogen infiltration occur in the subsequent heat treatment process, which seriously affects the corrosion resistance of 9Cr18MoV steel.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种采用对9Cr18MoV钢进行热处理后再锻造，来实现该钢锻件的锻造及热处理方法，可以使9Cr18MoV钢锻件获得良好的抗腐蚀性能。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a forging and heat treatment method for forging 9Cr18MoV steel after heat treatment, so that the 9Cr18MoV steel forging can obtain good corrosion resistance.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所述9Cr18MoV钢锻件的锻造及热处理方法，其技术方案包括以下步骤：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the forging and heat treatment method of the 9Cr18MoV steel forging of the present invention, its technical scheme comprises the following steps:
(1)将9Cr18MoV钢锭装入热处理炉中进行锻前热处理；(1) Load the 9Cr18MoV steel ingot into the heat treatment furnace for heat treatment before forging;
(2)在一定的温度区间内对经上述热处理后的9Cr18MoV钢锭进行锻造制坯；(2) Forging the 9Cr18MoV steel ingot after the above heat treatment in a certain temperature range;
(3)在一定的温度区间内对上述9Cr18MoV钢坯料进行终锻成形，得到9Cr18MoV钢锻件；(3) Carry out final forging forming to above-mentioned 9Cr18MoV steel billet in certain temperature range, obtain 9Cr18MoV steel forging;
(4)将上述9Cr18MoV钢锻件进行正火热处理；(4) carrying out normalizing heat treatment to above-mentioned 9Cr18MoV steel forging;
(5)将上述9Cr18MoV钢锻件进行回火热处理。(5) The above-mentioned 9Cr18MoV steel forging is subjected to tempering heat treatment.
步骤(1)所述锻前热处理是将所述9Cr18MoV钢锭加热到1150±10℃保温20～100min，随炉冷却至980±10℃保温20～100min，空冷至室温。The pre-forging heat treatment in step (1) is to heat the 9Cr18MoV steel ingot to 1150±10°C for 20-100 minutes, cool to 980±10°C for 20-100 minutes with the furnace, and air cool to room temperature.
步骤(2)所述的制坯温度区间为1000℃～1150℃。The billet-making temperature range described in step (2) is 1000°C to 1150°C.
步骤(3)所述的终锻成形温度区间为780℃～900℃。The temperature range of the final forging described in step (3) is 780°C to 900°C.
步骤(4)所述的正火热处理包括两次正火热处理，第一次正火是先将9Cr18MoV钢锻件加热到800±10℃℃保温30～120min，再升温至920℃保温30～120min，空冷至200～300℃后进行第二次正火；第二次正火是先将9Cr18MoV钢锻件加热到650±10℃保温30～120min，再升温至750±10℃保温30～120min，空冷至室温。The normalizing heat treatment described in step (4) includes two normalizing heat treatments, the first normalizing is to first heat the 9Cr18MoV steel forging to 800±10°C and keep it warm for 30-120min, then raise the temperature to 920°C and keep it warm for 30-120min, After air cooling to 200-300°C, carry out the second normalizing; the second normalizing is to heat the 9Cr18MoV steel forging to 650±10°C and keep it for 30-120 minutes, then raise the temperature to 750±10°C and keep it for 30-120 minutes, then air-cool to room temperature.
步骤(5)所述的回火热处理是将9Cr18MoV钢锻件加热到220～240℃保温30～100min，空冷至室温。The tempering heat treatment described in step (5) is to heat the 9Cr18MoV steel forging to 220-240° C. for 30-100 minutes, and air-cool to room temperature.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
本发明所述的9Cr18MoV钢锻件的锻造及热处理方法，9Cr18MoV钢锭在锻前进行热处理，使碳化物完全溶入晶粒中，避免了碳化物因在晶界上富集而在锻造过程中析出，从而保证了9Cr18MoV钢的抗腐蚀性能。锻前热处理先加热到1150℃±10℃保温再降到980±10℃保温，使9Cr18MoV钢基体组织具有良好的应力状态，保证了后续热加工顺利完成。In the forging and heat treatment method of the 9Cr18MoV steel forging described in the present invention, the 9Cr18MoV steel ingot is subjected to heat treatment before forging, so that the carbides are completely dissolved in the crystal grains, and the precipitation of the carbides during the forging process due to enrichment on the grain boundaries is avoided. Thus ensuring the corrosion resistance of 9Cr18MoV steel. The heat treatment before forging firstly heats up to 1150°C±10°C and then lowers to 980±10°C for heat preservation, so that the matrix structure of 9Cr18MoV steel has a good stress state and ensures the smooth completion of subsequent heat processing.
在1000℃～1150℃温度区间进行制坯、在780℃～900℃进行终锻成形，使锻件组织更为均匀稳定，且晶粒更细化，使锻件的强度、韧性及低温冲击性能得到很大的提高。The billet is made in the temperature range of 1000 ℃ ~ 1150 ℃, and the final forging is carried out in the temperature range of 780 ℃ ~ 900 ℃, so that the structure of the forging is more uniform and stable, and the grain is more refined, so that the strength, toughness and low temperature impact performance of the forging are greatly improved. Big improvement.
采用两次正火，明显减轻了锻件的带状组织等缺陷，使组织细化均匀。采用220～240℃的低温回火，防止了9Cr18MoV钢的渗碳、渗氮和渗氢等现象，进一步保证了9Cr18MoV钢的抗腐蚀性能，同时，消除了锻后残余应力的负面作用；有效地控制了氢含量，使9Cr18MoV钢锻件的组织更为细小均匀。Normalizing twice can significantly reduce the defects such as banded structure of forgings, and make the structure evenly refined. The low-temperature tempering at 220-240°C prevents carburization, nitriding and hydrogenation of 9Cr18MoV steel, further ensures the corrosion resistance of 9Cr18MoV steel, and at the same time eliminates the negative effects of residual stress after forging; effectively The hydrogen content is controlled, so that the structure of the 9Cr18MoV steel forging is finer and more uniform.
经检测该9Cr18MoV钢锻件的室温拉伸性能其抗拉强度为1140～1250MPa(大于使用要求的1020MPa)，断后伸长率为15％～18％(大于使用要求的12％)，断面收缩率为38％～42％(大于使用要求的25％)，硬度HRC为56～59(满足使用要求的＞55)。After testing the tensile properties of the 9Cr18MoV steel forging at room temperature, its tensile strength is 1140-1250MPa (1020MPa greater than the requirement for use), the elongation after fracture is 15%-18% (12% greater than the requirement for use), and the reduction of area is 38% to 42% (more than 25% of the use requirements), and the hardness HRC is 56 to 59 (>55 to meet the use requirements).
经检测该9Cr18MoV钢锻件的耐腐蚀性能在室温下，质量分数为5％～20％的硝酸溶液中的腐蚀速度为0.03～0.05mm/a(满足使用要求的＜0.1mm/a)。The corrosion resistance of the 9Cr18MoV steel forging has been tested at room temperature, and the corrosion rate in a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 5% to 20% is 0.03 to 0.05mm/a (<0.1mm/a that meets the requirements for use).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施本发明所述的9Cr18MoV钢锻件的锻造及热处理方法，需要提供高温加热炉、压力机、机械手，环轧机等设备。具体实施方式如下：To implement the forging and heat treatment method of the 9Cr18MoV steel forging of the present invention, it is necessary to provide equipment such as a high-temperature heating furnace, a press, a manipulator, and a ring rolling mill. The specific implementation is as follows:
9Cr18MoV钢主要化学元素含量(重量百分比)为：含C量0.85％～0.95％、含Mn量≤0.80％、含Si量≤0.80％、含Cr量17.0％～19.0％、含Mo量≤1.0％～1.3％、含V量≤0.07％～0.12％、含S量≤0.030％、含P量≤0.035％、余量为Fe。The main chemical element content (weight percentage) of 9Cr18MoV steel is: C content 0.85% ~ 0.95%, Mn content ≤ 0.80%, Si content ≤ 0.80%, Cr content 17.0% ~ 19.0%, Mo content ≤ 1.0% ～1.3%, V content≤0.07%～0.12%, S content≤0.030%, P content≤0.035%, and the balance is Fe.
9Cr18MoV钢锻件的锻造及热处理工艺步骤如下：The forging and heat treatment process steps of 9Cr18MoV steel forgings are as follows:
将9Cr18MoV钢锭加热到1150±10℃保温20～100min，随炉冷却至980±10℃保温20～100min，空冷至室温。Heat the 9Cr18MoV steel ingot to 1150±10°C for 20-100 minutes, cool to 980±10°C with the furnace and hold for 20-100 minutes, and air cool to room temperature.
在1000℃～1150℃的温度区间内对9Cr18MoV钢锭进行制坯。在780℃～900℃的温度区间内对9Cr18MoV钢坯料进行终锻成形获得9Cr18MoV钢锻件。The 9Cr18MoV steel ingot is made into billets within the temperature range of 1000°C to 1150°C. 9Cr18MoV steel forgings are obtained by final forging forming of 9Cr18MoV steel blanks in the temperature range of 780°C to 900°C.
对9Cr18MoV钢锻件进行两次正火热处理，第一次正火是先将9Cr18MoV钢锻件加热到800±10℃℃保温30～120min，再升温至920℃保温30～120min，空冷至200～300℃后进行第二次正火；第二次正火是先将9Cr18MoV钢锻件加热到650±10℃保温30～120min，再升温至750±10℃保温30～120min，空冷至室温。The 9Cr18MoV steel forgings are subjected to two normalizing heat treatments. The first normalizing is to heat the 9Cr18MoV steel forgings to 800±10°C and hold for 30-120 minutes, then raise the temperature to 920°C and hold for 30-120 minutes, and air cool to 200-300°C Then carry out the second normalizing; the second normalizing is to heat the 9Cr18MoV steel forging to 650±10°C for 30-120min, then raise the temperature to 750±10°C for 30-120min, and air cool to room temperature.
对9Cr18MoV钢锻件进行回火热处理将9Cr18MoV钢锻件加热到220～240℃保温30～100min，空冷至室温。Perform tempering heat treatment on 9Cr18MoV steel forgings Heat the 9Cr18MoV steel forgings to 220-240 ° C for 30-100 minutes, then air-cool to room temperature.
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Application publication date: 20141015 |