CN114752741B - Method for improving mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Method for improving mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the mechanical property of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel, which comprises the steps of carrying out heat preservation treatment on the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel at 900-1000 ℃, rapidly cooling to room temperature in a water quenching mode, and carrying out quenching treatment; after pretreatment is finished, cold rolling deformation processing is carried out on the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after quenching treatment at room temperature, and the rolling reduction is controlled to be 15-30%; after finishing the processing, tempering the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after cold deformation processing, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel. According to the invention, the size of the martensite lath is controlled through the cooperative treatment of cold rolling deformation, quenching and tempering processes, the precipitation size of carbide in the tempering process is reduced, and the carbide is more dispersed, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is improved, namely, the hardness and strength of the material are obviously improved, and meanwhile, the plasticity is ensured not to be obviously reduced; not only does not need to change alloy components, but also is easy to operate, is convenient for realizing industrial production, and has obvious economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment processes of metal materials, and particularly relates to a method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel.
Background
In recent years, a driving rod for a control rod driving mechanism of a nuclear power plant, a fastener member for a nuclear power plant, and the like are all made of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel. The driving rod is one of the key components in the control rod driving mechanism of the nuclear power station reactor, and has the main function of adjusting the power of the nuclear reactor, and the main action of being capable of timely, rapidly and reliably moving up and down to control the insertion or extraction of the fuel control rod when needed. More importantly, in the event of an emergency, control rods can be quickly inserted into the reactor to achieve shutdown. Therefore, the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel for nuclear power plants has extremely high quality requirements, and the driving rod material is required to have high strength, hardness and wear resistance, and also to have certain plasticity.
By changing one or more of the factors of initial structure, deformation mode, rolling deformation, microalloy element, tempering time, tempering temperature and the like, the strength and plasticity of the material can be obviously improved. The substructure in the martensite structure is dislocation, after cold rolling deformation is carried out on the martensite structure, the martensite laths are thinned, the dislocation density in the martensite laths is further increased, the high-density dislocation can provide more nucleation sites for the recrystallization process to improve the nucleation rate, meanwhile, the high-density dislocation and supersaturated carbon content in the martensite structure can respectively provide sufficient driving force and separate out a large amount of tiny dispersed carbide in the subsequent recrystallization process, the hardness and the strength of the material are obviously improved, and the plasticity of the material is ensured not to be obviously reduced.
The traditional quenching and tempering heat treatment process is a common toughening method for martensitic stainless steel. In the quenching process, the cooling speed is too high, and the quenched martensite has larger internal stress and lower plasticity and toughness, so that most martensitic stainless steel is used after tempering treatment. The plasticity and toughness of the martensitic stainless steel can be obviously improved by increasing the tempering temperature, but martensite is completely decomposed along with the increase of the tempering temperature, and fine carbides precipitated in the tempering process are aggregated and coarsened, so that the dispersion strengthening effect of the carbides is weakened to a certain extent, and the strength and hardness of the material are greatly reduced. For this reason, new solutions need to be designed to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel, which obviously improves the strength and hardness of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel and ensures that the plasticity is not obviously reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel comprises the following steps:
a. after the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is subjected to heat preservation treatment at 900-1000 ℃, the steel is rapidly cooled to room temperature in a water quenching mode, and then quenching treatment is carried out;
b. after the pretreatment is finished in the step a, carrying out cold rolling deformation processing on the quenched 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel at room temperature, and controlling the reduction of the cold rolling deformation processing to be 15-30%;
c. and c, tempering the cold-deformed 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after finishing the processing in the step b, so as to improve the mechanical properties of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel. The invention can reduce the size of martensite lath in the material through deformation treatment, and promote the dispersion and precipitation of more fine carbide in the tempering process.
Preferably, in the step a, 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is heat-preserved at 900-1000 ℃ for at least 75min.
Further preferably, in the step a, 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is heat-preserved at 950-1000 ℃ for at least 75min.
Preferably, in the step c, the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after cold rolling deformation is tempered at 550-650 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and cooled to room temperature by air cooling.
Further preferably, in the step c, the tempering treatment is performed at a temperature of 580 to 620 ℃ for a heat preservation time of 1.5 to 2 hours, and the tempering treatment is cooled to room temperature by air cooling.
Preferably, in the step c, the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel obtained after tempering has tensile strength not lower than 707MPa, elongation not lower than 18.4% and hardness not lower than 236HV.
Further preferably, in the step c, the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel obtained after tempering has a tensile strength of 707-799 MPa, an elongation of 18.4-22.4% and a hardness of 236-292 HV.
Preferably, in the step c, the recrystallization phenomenon occurs in a part of the region of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel obtained after tempering treatment, so as to form equiaxed ferrite grains.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious prominent substantive features and obvious advantages:
1. the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel subjected to the traditional quenching and tempering heat treatment can completely decompose martensite during high-temperature tempering, and fine carbides precipitated during tempering are aggregated and coarsened, so that the strength and the hardness are greatly reduced; the invention provides a cold deformation and heat treatment cooperative treatment process, which comprises the steps of quenching 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel at 900-1000 ℃, then carrying out cold rolling deformation with a reduction of 15-30%, and finally carrying out tempering heat treatment at 550-650 ℃ for 1-2 h; thereby reducing the size of the martensite lath, further increasing the dislocation density in the martensite lath, and the high-density dislocation can provide more nucleation sites to promote nucleation of recrystallized grains; meanwhile, the precipitation size of carbide in the subsequent tempering process is reduced, and the carbide is more dispersed and distributed;
2. the method of the invention achieves the aim of obviously improving the strength and the hardness of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel and simultaneously ensuring that the elongation rate is not obviously reduced;
3. the method for comprehensively improving the mechanical properties of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is simple, easy to operate and control, suitable for popularization and application, and has remarkable technical and economic ratio effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of the mechanical properties of a 12Cr13 stainless steel sample subjected to conventional quenching and tempering heat treatment and a 12Cr13 stainless steel sample treated by the process method of the invention. Fig. 1 (a) is a graph of hardness change of a sample, fig. 1 (b) is a graph of tensile strength change of a sample, and fig. 1 (c) is a graph of elongation change of a sample.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a 12Cr13 stainless steel sample subjected to conventional quenching and tempering heat treatment and a sample of 12Cr13 stainless steel treated by the process of the present invention. Fig. 2 (a), (B), (C), (D) and (E) are SEM images of sample a, sample B, sample C, sample D and sample E, respectively, under different process conditions.
Detailed Description
The technical solution is clearly and completely described in the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
The following examples use the composition (wt.%) of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel as follows:
c0.13, cr 11.89, ni 0.42, mn 0.38, si 0.22, V0.033, N0.019, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The foregoing aspects are further described in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided:
embodiment one:
in this embodiment, a method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel includes the following steps:
a. after the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is subjected to heat preservation in a muffle furnace at 950 ℃ for 75min, rapidly cooling to room temperature in a water quenching mode, and carrying out quenching treatment;
b. after the pretreatment is finished in the step a, carrying out cold rolling deformation processing on the quenched 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel at room temperature, wherein the rolling reduction is respectively 15% or 30%;
c. and c, tempering the cold-deformed 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after finishing the processing in the step b, wherein the tempering temperature is 620 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and then air cooling to room temperature, so as to finish the processing process of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel.
Experimental test analysis:
the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel treated in this example was sample B (cold deformation 15%) and sample C (cold deformation 30%), respectively, and the mechanical properties thereof are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of samples after treatment of example 1
Embodiment two:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, a method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel includes the following steps:
a. after the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is subjected to heat preservation in a muffle furnace at 950 ℃ for 75min, rapidly cooling to room temperature in a water quenching mode, and carrying out quenching treatment;
b. after the pretreatment in the step a is finished, carrying out cold rolling deformation processing on the quenched 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel at room temperature, and controlling the reduction of the cold rolling deformation processing to be 30%;
c. and c, tempering the cold-deformed 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after finishing the processing in the step b, wherein the tempering temperature is 620 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5h, and then air cooling to room temperature, so as to finish the processing process of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel.
Experimental test analysis:
the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel treated in the second embodiment is used as a sample D, and the mechanical properties are as follows: tensile strength 799MPa, elongation 18.4% and hardness 260HV.
Embodiment III:
this embodiment is substantially identical to the previous embodiment, except that:
in this embodiment, a method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel includes the following steps:
a. after the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is subjected to heat preservation in a muffle furnace at 950 ℃ for 75min, rapidly cooling to room temperature in a water quenching mode, and carrying out quenching treatment;
b. after the pretreatment in the step a is finished, carrying out cold rolling deformation processing on the quenched 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel at room temperature, and controlling the reduction of the cold rolling deformation processing to be 30%;
c. and c, tempering the cold-deformed 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after finishing the processing in the step b, wherein the tempering temperature is 580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and then air cooling to room temperature, so as to finish the processing process of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel.
Experimental test analysis:
the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel treated in example III was used as sample E, with a hardness of 292HV.
Comparative example
The 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel treated by the traditional quenching and tempering heat treatment process is used as a sample A, and the mechanical properties are as follows: tensile strength 699MPa, elongation 22.1% and hardness 228HV.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in mechanical properties of a sample subjected to conventional quenching and tempering heat treatment and a sample subjected to the process according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 1, compared with the A sample heat-treated by the conventional quenching and tempering process, the hardness and tensile strength of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel sample are obviously improved after the heat treatment by the process method, the hardness and tensile strength Rm respectively reach 236-292 HV and 707-799 MPa, and meanwhile, the elongation is kept in the range of 18.4-22.4%, and no obvious drop occurs.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of a sample subjected to conventional quenching and tempering heat treatment and a sample treated by the above-described process according to the embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen by comparison, in the sample a after the conventional quenching and tempering heat treatment, the martensite lath size is large, and the portion of carbide precipitated along the martensite lath is coarsened. The size of the martensite lath in the sample after heat treatment by the process method is obviously reduced, and more dispersed fine carbides are precipitated along the martensite lath boundary and lath. And simultaneously, the recrystallization phenomenon occurs in partial areas of the sample, so that equiaxed ferrite grains are formed. Under the comprehensive action, the process method of the invention obviously improves the strength and hardness of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel and ensures that the elongation rate is not obviously reduced.
According to the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the size of the martensite lath is controlled through the cooperative treatment of cold rolling deformation and quenching and tempering processes, the precipitation size of carbide in the tempering process is reduced, and the carbide is dispersed and distributed more, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is improved, namely the hardness and strength of the material are obviously improved, and meanwhile, the plasticity is ensured not to be obviously reduced. The method and the process of the embodiment not only do not need to change alloy components, but also are easy to operate, are convenient for realizing industrial production, and have obvious economic benefits.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made under the spirit and principles of the technical solution of the present invention can be made according to the purpose of the present invention, and all the changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications should be equivalent to the substitution, so long as the purpose of the present invention is met, and all the changes are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical principles and the inventive concept of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. after the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is subjected to heat preservation treatment at 900-1000 ℃, the steel is rapidly cooled to room temperature in a water quenching mode, and then quenching treatment is carried out;
b. after the pretreatment is finished in the step a, carrying out cold rolling deformation processing on the quenched 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel at room temperature, and controlling the reduction of the cold rolling deformation processing to be 15-30%;
c. and c, tempering the cold-deformed 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after finishing the processing in the step b, so as to improve the mechanical properties of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel.
2. The method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is subjected to heat preservation at 900-1000 ℃ for at least 75min.
3. The method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step a, 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is subjected to heat preservation at 950-1000 ℃ for at least 75min.
4. The method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c, the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel after cold rolling deformation processing is tempered, the tempering temperature is 550-650 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 h, and the cold rolling is carried out to the room temperature.
5. The method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel according to claim 4, wherein: in the step c, the tempering treatment temperature is 580-620 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h, and the tempering treatment temperature is cooled to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
6. The method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c, the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is obtained after tempering, the tensile strength is not lower than 707MPa, the elongation is not lower than 18.4%, and the hardness is not lower than 236HV.
7. The method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel according to claim 6, wherein: in the step c, 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel with tensile strength of 707-799 MPa, elongation of 18.4-22.4% and hardness of 236-292 HV is obtained after tempering treatment.
8. The method for improving the mechanical properties of 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c, the recrystallization phenomenon occurs in a part of the region of the 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel obtained after tempering treatment, and equiaxed ferrite grains are formed.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010068737A (en) * | 2000-01-08 | 2001-07-23 | 박천일 | heat treatment method of stainless-steel |
| CN105483323A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-13 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of 12Cr13 pipe blank for nuclear power plant reactor control rod drive mechanism |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010068737A (en) * | 2000-01-08 | 2001-07-23 | 박천일 | heat treatment method of stainless-steel |
| CN105483323A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-13 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of 12Cr13 pipe blank for nuclear power plant reactor control rod drive mechanism |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 蓝慧芳等.马氏体冷轧-回火制备超细晶钢及其热稳定性.《材料研究学报》.2008,第22卷(第22期),第279-286页. * |
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