CN111919696A - Method for planting lilium davidii under camellia oleifera forest - Google Patents
Method for planting lilium davidii under camellia oleifera forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN111919696A CN111919696A CN202010755478.0A CN202010755478A CN111919696A CN 111919696 A CN111919696 A CN 111919696A CN 202010755478 A CN202010755478 A CN 202010755478A CN 111919696 A CN111919696 A CN 111919696A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture and forestry planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of lilium brownii under a camellia oleifera forest. A method for planting lilium brownii under a tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps: selecting a tea-oil tree forest as a planting field of the lilium giganteum; ploughing a soil layer under an oil tea forest, and applying a special base fertilizer, wherein the special base fertilizer comprises animal manure, coconut husk, star anise powder, ammonium chloride, monocalcium phosphate, potassium sulfate and chitosan; digging holes, planting the lilium brownii seed balls, and covering soil; performing field management; collecting oil tea or Bulbus Lilii. The large lily is planted under the camellia oleifera forest, idle land blocks in the forest are fully utilized, short-term cultivation is achieved, and economic benefits are created. The land cost is reduced. The lily is planted according to the scheme provided by the invention, so that the content of effective substances of the grown lily is greatly improved. In the cultivation, loosening soil is beneficial to improving soil layer structure, fully utilizing land resources, increasing land coverage rate, conserving water source, preventing serious water and soil loss and maintaining ecological system balance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture and forestry planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of lilium brownii under a camellia oleifera forest.
Background
Bulbus Lilii (Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino), also known as Lily, Bai Xian, etc., stem-oval shape, leaf paper reticular vein, flower white and trumpet shape, and capsule approximately spherical shape. Native China is distinguished from lily plants obviously due to the fact that the plants are thick, strong and tall. Is an excellent ornamental plant, and moreover, the bulb of the ornamental plant is rich in starch and more than 10 nutrient components and can be eaten. Meanwhile, the lilium davidii has higher medicinal value, has light nature and taste, clears heat and relieves cough, relieves stuffiness and promotes qi, can be used for treating pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, cough with phlegm and asthma, high fever in children, stomachache, regurgitation, vomiting and other diseases, and has anticancer effect found in recent medical research. Is a plant with ornamental value, edible value and medicinal value, and has very wide application and development prospect. The lily in the market at present belongs to natural resources, and the supply amount to the market is limited, so a good artificial planting method for the lily is actively developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the method for planting the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest is provided, and the method can improve the accumulation of nutrients of the camellia oleifera and the lilium brownii and increase the utilization rate of land resources.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting lilium brownii under a tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a tea-oil tree forest with the terrain altitude of more than 600 m and the slope of 15-25 degrees as a planting field of the lilium davidii;
2) ploughing a soil layer under a camellia oleifera forest, wherein the ploughing depth is 35-40 cm, and 100-300 kg of special base fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the special base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of animal manure, 12-20 parts of coconut coir, 7-11 parts of star anise powder, 8-16 parts of ammonium chloride, 5-15 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-6 parts of potassium sulfate and 0.5-1.5 parts of chitosan;
3) 2-6 plants are planted per square meter, and holes are dug to plant the seed balls of the large lilies;
4) performing field management;
5) collecting oil tea or Bulbus Lilii.
Preferably, the animal manure in the step 2) is obtained by fermenting livestock manure at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 5-7 days, crushing and drying.
Preferably, the special base fertilizer in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of animal manure, 17 parts of coconut coir, 9 parts of star anise powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride, 8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate and 1 part of chitosan.
Preferably, the fineness of the octagonal powder is 100-300 meshes.
Preferably, the dosage of the seed balls of the lilies in the step 3) is 1100-1500 plants/mu.
Preferably, in the field management process in the step 4), urea and diammonium phosphate are added in the leaf expanding period of the lilies davidii, the adding amount of the urea is 3-8 kg/mu, and the adding amount of the diammonium phosphate is 2-7 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the field management process in the step 4), diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate are added in the growing period of the flower stems of the large lilies, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 3-6 kg/mu, and the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 1-4 kg/mu.
The large lily is planted under the camellia oleifera forest, idle land blocks in the forest are fully utilized, short-term cultivation is achieved, and economic benefits are created. The land cost is reduced. The lily is planted according to the scheme provided by the invention, so that the content of effective substances of the grown lily is greatly improved. In the cultivation, loosening soil is beneficial to improving soil layer structure, fully utilizing land resources, increasing land coverage rate, conserving water source, preventing serious water and soil loss and maintaining ecological system balance.
The special base fertilizer contains flavone which is one of the nutrient components of the lily bulb and the camellia oleifera, the aniseed is rich in shikimic acid which is a precursor compound for synthesizing the flavone, and the lily bulb special for the cultivation method can effectively adjust the accumulation of the lily bulb flavone by controlling the planting condition of the lily bulb, so that the cultivated lily bulb is rich in nutrition.
The method for planting the lilium davidii is low in cost and convenient to operate, and has good economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope of the examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, various modifications may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure, and such equivalent variations are within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
A method for planting lilium brownii under a tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a tea-oil tree forest with the terrain altitude of 700 m and the slope of 15 degrees as a planting field of the lilium davidii;
2) ploughing a soil layer under an oil tea tree forest, wherein the ploughing depth is 35cm, and 100 kg of special base fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the special base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of animal manure, 12 parts of coconut coir, 7 parts of star anise powder, 8 parts of ammonium chloride, 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium sulfate and 0.5 part of chitosan;
the manure is prepared by the following method: mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1, piling the mixture layer by layer outdoors to form a manure pile with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, fermenting the manure pile under the condition of loosening and ventilation, continuously composting and fermenting for 5 days after the temperature of the compost is raised to 50 ℃, airing and crushing the compost after the composting is finished, and the diameter of the obtained manure particles is 0.5 cm. The fineness of the star anise powder is 100 meshes.
3) 2 plants are planted per square meter, holes are dug, large lily seedballs are planted, the using amount of the large lily seedballs is 1100 plants per mu, soil is covered, the soil covers the height of the seedballs 3/4, the seedballs are exposed out of the ground at the height of 1/4, and water is poured thoroughly after the soil is covered;
4) and carrying out field management such as weeding, watering, topdressing and the like, wherein in the field management process, urea and diammonium phosphate are added in the leaf expanding period of the lilies brownii, the application amount of the urea is 3 kg/mu, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 2 kg/mu.
Diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate are added in the growing period of the flower stem of the lilium davidii, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 3 kg/mu, and the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 1 kg/mu.
5) Collecting oil tea or Bulbus Lilii.
Example 2
A method for planting lilium brownii under a tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a tea-oil tree forest with the terrain altitude of 800 meters and the slope of 20 degrees as a planting field of the lilium davidii;
2) ploughing a soil layer under a camellia oleifera forest, wherein the ploughing depth is 36cm, and applying 220 kg of special base fertilizer per mu, wherein the special base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of animal manure, 17 parts of coconut coir, 9 parts of star anise powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride, 8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate and 1 part of chitosan;
the manure is prepared by the following method: mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1, piling the mixture layer by layer outdoors to form a manure pile with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, fermenting the manure pile under the condition of loosening and ventilation, continuously composting and fermenting for 6 days after the temperature of the compost is raised to 55 ℃, airing and crushing the compost after the composting is finished, and the diameter of the obtained manure particles is 0.8 cm. The fineness of the star anise powder is 150 meshes.
3) Digging holes for planting 4 plants per square meter, planting large lily seedballs, covering soil, covering the soil at 3/4 height, exposing the seedballs at 1/4 height, and watering thoroughly after covering the soil;
4) and carrying out field management such as weeding, watering, topdressing and the like, wherein in the field management process, urea and diammonium phosphate are added in the leaf expanding period of the lilies brownii, the application amount of the urea is 5 kg/mu, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 5 kg/mu.
Diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate are added in the growing period of the flower stem of the lilium davidii, the dosage of diammonium phosphate is 4 kg/mu, and the dosage of monopotassium phosphate is 2 kg/mu.
5) Collecting oil tea or Bulbus Lilii.
Example 3
A method for planting lilium brownii under a tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a tea-oil tree forest with the terrain altitude of 900 m and the slope of 25 degrees as a planting field of the lilium davidii;
2) ploughing a soil layer under a camellia oleifera forest, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, and 300 kg of special base fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the special base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of animal manure, 20 parts of coconut coir, 11 parts of star anise powder, 16 parts of ammonium chloride, 15 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium sulfate and 1.5 parts of chitosan;
the manure is prepared by the following method: mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1, piling the mixture layer by layer outdoors to form a manure pile with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, fermenting the manure pile under the condition of loosening and ventilation, continuously composting and fermenting for 7 days after the temperature of the compost is raised to 60 ℃, airing and crushing the compost after the composting is finished, and the diameter of the obtained manure particles is 0.9 cm. The fineness of the star anise powder is 300 meshes.
3) Planting 6 lilies per square meter, digging holes, planting large lily bulbs, covering soil, covering the soil at 3/4 height, exposing the bulbs to 1/4 height, and watering thoroughly after covering the soil;
4) and carrying out field management such as weeding, watering, topdressing and the like, wherein in the field management process, urea and diammonium phosphate are added in the leaf expanding period of the lilies brownii, the application amount of the urea is 8 kg/mu, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 7 kg/mu.
Diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate are added in the growing period of the flower stem of the lilium davidii, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 6 kg/mu, and the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 4 kg/mu.
5) Collecting oil tea or Bulbus Lilii.
Comparative example 1
In the case of the large lily planting method, the anise component in the special base fertilizer is removed on the basis of the planting method in the embodiment 1 to investigate the influence of the anise component on the large lily obtained by planting, other steps and parameters are kept unchanged, and the special base fertilizer comprises the following specific components: 25 parts of animal manure, 12 parts of coconut coir, 8 parts of ammonium chloride, 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium sulfate and 0.5 part of chitosan;
the manure is prepared by the following method: mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1, piling the mixture layer by layer outdoors to form a manure pile with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, fermenting the manure pile under the condition of loosening and ventilation, continuously composting and fermenting for 5 days after the temperature of the compost is raised to 50 ℃, airing and crushing the compost after the composting is finished, and the diameter of the obtained manure particles is 0.5 cm.
Comparative example 2
In the case of the method for planting the lilium davidii, the parts of the anises in the special base fertilizer are adjusted on the basis of the planting method in the embodiment 1, so that the influence of the parts of the anises on the grown lilium davidii is examined, and other steps and parameters are kept unchanged. The special base fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25 parts of animal manure, 12 parts of coconut coir, 6 parts of star anise powder, 8 parts of ammonium chloride, 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium sulfate and 0.5 part of chitosan;
the manure is prepared by the following method: mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1, piling the mixture layer by layer outdoors to form a manure pile with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, fermenting the manure pile under the condition of loosening and ventilation, continuously composting and fermenting for 5 days after the temperature of the compost is raised to 50 ℃, airing and crushing the compost after the composting is finished, and the diameter of the obtained manure particles is 0.5 cm. The fineness of the star anise powder is 100 meshes.
Comparative example 3
In the case of the method for planting the lilium davidii, the parts of the anises in the special base fertilizer are adjusted on the basis of the planting method in the embodiment 1, so that the influence of the parts of the anises on the grown lilium davidii is examined, and other steps and parameters are kept unchanged. The special base fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25 parts of animal manure, 12 parts of coconut coir, 12 parts of star anise powder, 8 parts of ammonium chloride, 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium sulfate and 0.5 part of chitosan;
the manure is prepared by the following method: mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1, piling the mixture layer by layer outdoors to form a manure pile with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, fermenting the manure pile under the condition of loosening and ventilation, continuously composting and fermenting for 5 days after the temperature of the compost is raised to 50 ℃, airing and crushing the compost after the composting is finished, and the diameter of the obtained manure particles is 0.5 cm. The fineness of the star anise powder is 100 meshes.
Total flavone test was performed on the lilies obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3:
(1) drawing a reed standard curve: precisely weighing 25mg of rutin reference substance (China institute for food and drug testing), placing in a 50mL volumetric flask, adding 95% ethanol for dissolving, fixing the volume to scale, and shaking up to obtain rutin reference substance solution (5 mg/mL). Precisely sucking rutin control solution 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2mL, placing in 10mL test tube with plug, respectively, adding water to 5.0mL, respectively adding 5% sodium nitrite 0.6mL, shaking, standing for 6min, adding 10% aluminum nitrate 0.6mL,after shaking uniformly, the mixture is placed for 6min, 3.0mL of 4% NaOH is added, water is added to the mixture until the water is scaled, and after shaking uniformly, the mixture is placed for 15 min. Taking the first tube as a blank, measuring the absorbance A at the wavelength of 506nm, taking the concentration C (mu g/mL) of rutin as an abscissa and the absorbance A as an ordinate, drawing a standard curve, wherein y is 0.0214x +0.0047, and R is2＝0.9998。
(2) Determination of total flavonoids in samples: the whole plant of the lilium davidii collected in examples 1-3 and comparative proportion is cleaned for 3 times to remove silt, naturally dried, dried to constant weight at 60 ℃ before test, crushed and sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a lilium davidii sample, the lilium davidii sample is weighed to be 2.5g, 100mL of 70% ethanol (w/w) is extracted under reflux at 60 ℃ for 60min, and the lilium davidii sample is dissolved and fixed to a 25mL volumetric flask after concentration and is shaken uniformly to obtain a test product. Measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 506nm, and calculating the total flavone content of the large lily sample according to a rutin standard curve. See table 1 specifically:
TABLE 1 Total Flavonoids content of Lilium Viridium
Table 1 shows that the total flavone content of the lily bulb obtained by the preparation and planting method is higher, the effective substances of the cultivated lily bulb are richer, and the nutritive value is higher.
Claims (7)
1. The planting method of the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a tea-oil tree forest with the terrain altitude of more than 600 m and the slope of 15-25 degrees as a planting field of the lilium davidii;
2) ploughing a soil layer under a camellia oleifera forest, wherein the ploughing depth is 35-40 cm, and 100-300 kg of special base fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the special base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of animal manure, 12-20 parts of coconut coir, 7-11 parts of star anise powder, 8-16 parts of ammonium chloride, 5-15 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-6 parts of potassium sulfate and 0.5-1.5 parts of chitosan;
3) 2-6 plants are planted per square meter, and holes are dug to plant the seed balls of the large lilies;
4) performing field management;
5) collecting oil tea or Bulbus Lilii.
2. The method for planting the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, wherein the animal manure in the step 2) is obtained by fermenting livestock manure at a temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 5-7 days, crushing and drying.
3. The planting method of the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the special base fertilizer in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of animal manure, 17 parts of coconut coir, 9 parts of star anise powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride, 8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate and 1 part of chitosan.
4. The planting method of the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 3, characterized in that the fineness of the star anise powder is 100-300 meshes.
5. The planting method of the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, wherein the dosage of the lilium brownii seedball in the step 3) is 1100-1500 plants/mu.
6. The planting method of the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, characterized in that urea and diammonium phosphate are applied during the leaf expanding period of the lilium brownii in the field management process of step 4), the application amount of the urea is 3-8 kg/mu, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 2-7 kg/mu.
7. The planting method of the lilium brownii under the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, characterized in that diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate are added in the growing period of the flower stems of the lilium brownii in the field management process in the step 4), the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 3-6 kg/mu, and the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 1-4 kg/mu.
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Application publication date: 20201113 |