CN111918908A - 电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜、电池用包装材料、电池用包装材料的制造方法和电池 - Google Patents
电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜、电池用包装材料、电池用包装材料的制造方法和电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111918908A CN111918908A CN201980022632.9A CN201980022632A CN111918908A CN 111918908 A CN111918908 A CN 111918908A CN 201980022632 A CN201980022632 A CN 201980022632A CN 111918908 A CN111918908 A CN 111918908A
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/082—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明提供用于使依次叠层有基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层而成的电池用包装材料具有优异的成型性的基材层的条件。基材层包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,通过以下的方法求得的熔融热量差ΔH1‑2为6J/g以上。根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在上述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。从熔融热量H1减去熔融热量H2,算出熔融热量差ΔH1‑2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜、电池用包装材料、电池用包装材料的制造方法和电池。
背景技术
一直以来,开发出了各种类型的电池,在所有电池中,为了封装电极或电解质等电池元件,包装材料成了不可或缺的构件。以往,作为电池用包装,大多使用金属制的包装材料,但是,近年来,伴随电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、个人电脑、相机、便携电话等的高性能化,对电池要求多样的形状,并且要求薄型化、轻质化。然而,在以往大多使用的金属制的电池用包装材料中,难以追随形状的多样化,而且还有在轻质化方面也存在限制的缺点。
因此,近年来,作为容易加工成多样形状、能够实现薄型化和轻质化的电池用包装材料,提出了依次叠层有基材层/粘接层/阻挡层/热熔接性树脂层的膜状的叠层体(例如,参照专利文献1)。在使用这样的膜状的包装材料时,以使位于包装材料的最内层的热熔接性树脂层彼此相对的状态将包装材料的周缘部以热封热熔接,从而用包装材料封装电池元件。
在这样的电池用包装材料的基材层中例如使用聚酰胺膜、聚酯膜等树脂膜。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2014-197559号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
在车辆用电池等大型电池使用膜状的电池用包装材料时,为了提高对于绝缘击穿的耐性,基材层有时使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。
但是,目前电池用包装材料中使用的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜虽然对于绝缘击穿的耐性优异,但是存在成型性差的问题。特别是膜状的电池用包装材料虽然非常薄,但为了形成收纳电池元件的空间等而提供给冷轧成型等,因此要求非常高的成型性。因此,对于这样的电池用包装材料所希望的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜也需要高的成型性。
在这样的状况下,本发明的主要目的在于提供一种电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,其在作为电池用包装材料的基材层而与阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层一起叠层时,能够使电池用包装材料发挥优异的成型性。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明的发明人为了解决上述课题而进行了深入研究。其结果发型,通过将如下的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜用于电池用包装材料的基材层,电池用包装材料发挥优异的成型性,其中,该聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的熔融热量差ΔH1-2(熔融热量H1-熔融热量H2)为6J/g以上,上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为如下测得的熔融热量H1和熔融热量H2的差,即,根据JISK7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,上述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。本发明就是基于这样的认识并通过重复进行研究而完成的。
即,本发明提供下述所揭示的方式的发明。
项1.一种电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,其是用于依次具有基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层的电池用包装材料的所述基材层的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,其中,上述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜通过以下的方法求得的熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上。
该方法为:根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在上述熔融热量H1的测定后,在从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2,从上述熔融热量H1减去上述熔融热量H2,算出上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2。
项2.如项1所述的电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,其中,厚度为5μm以上。
项3.一种电池用包装材料,其由至少依次叠层有基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层的叠层体构成,其中,上述基材层具有熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,
上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为如下测得的熔融热量H1和熔融热量H2的差,
根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在上述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。
项4.一种电池,其中,至少具有正极、负极和电解质的电池元件收纳于由项3所述的电池用包装材料形成的包装体中。
项5.一种电池用包装材料的制造方法,其包括至少将基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层依次叠层而得到叠层体的工序,
上述基材层具有熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,
上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为如下测得的熔融热量H1和熔融热量H2的差,
根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在上述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,其在作为电池用包装材料的基材层而与阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层一起叠层时,能够使电池用包装材料发挥优异的成型性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的概略截面图。
图2是将本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜用于基材层的电池用包装材料的一例的概略截面图。
图3是将本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜用于基材层的电池用包装材料的一例的概略截面图。
图4是用于说明聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的熔融热量差ΔH1-2的绝对值的求法的示意图(曲线图)。
图5是用于说明通过拉伸试验得到的应力-形变曲线的屈服点和破坏点的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜用于依次具有基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层的电池用包装材料的上述基材层。另外,本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的特征在于,通过以下的方法求得的熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上。
(熔融热量差ΔH1-2的求法)
根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在上述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。从上述熔融热量H1减去上述熔融热量H2,算出熔融热量差ΔH1-2。
本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜由于具有这样的特定的熔融热量差ΔH1-2,因此,在作为电池用包装材料的基材层与阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层一起叠层时,能够使电池用包装材料发挥优异的成型性。以下,对本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜和使用该聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的本发明的电池进行详细阐述。
此外,在本说明书中,“~”所示的数值范围是指“以上”、“以下”。例如2~15mm的表述表示2mm以上15mm以下。
1.聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜
本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜11(以下,有时将“聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜”称为“PET膜”)为电池用包装材料用的PET膜。更具体而言,本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜11如图2和图3所示,用于依次具有基材层1、阻挡层3和热熔接性树脂层4的电池用包装材料10的基材层1。
如后所述,电池用包装材料10的基材层1只要至少包含本发明的PET膜11即可,可以例如如图2所示,仅由本发明的PET膜11构成,也可以例如如图3所示,除了本发明的PET膜11以外,还具有聚酰胺膜13、用于提高聚酰胺膜13与PET膜11的密合性的粘接剂层12等其它层。即,基材层1可以为多层结构。
另外,电池用包装材料10的基材层1中,可以叠层多层本发明的PET膜11,也可以除本发明的PET膜11以外还进一步叠层有上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2低于6J/g的PET膜。
作为基材层1为多层结构时的具体例,可以列举:依次叠层有PET膜11/粘接剂层12/聚酰胺膜13的结构;依次叠层有PET膜11/粘接剂层12/PET膜11的结构;依次叠层有PET膜11/聚酰胺膜13的结构;依次叠层有PET膜11/PET膜11的结构。
PET膜在附着有电解液时的耐性优异,因此,优选在电池用包装材料10中PET膜位于最外层侧(与热熔接性树脂层相反一侧)。
关于电池用包装材料10的叠层结构和各层的组成的详细内容在后面进行阐述。
本发明的PET膜11的特征在于,熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上,上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为如下测得的熔融热量H1和熔融热量H2的差,即,根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在上述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。通过使PET膜11的熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上,电池用包装材料能够发挥优异的成型性。即,由于该熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上,可以说测定熔融热量H1前的状态下的结晶的取向性高,具有适于电池用包装材料的状态下的成型的硬度范围。更具体而言,在PET膜11的成膜过程中,通过调整制膜法的种类、制膜时的条件(例如,制膜温度、冷却温度、冷却速度、拉伸后的热固定温度),能够将PET膜11的熔融热量差ΔH1-2设定为6J/g以上,由此,能够发挥优异的成型性。作为PET膜11的制膜法,例如,可以列举T模法等。另外,PET膜11的熔融热量差ΔH1-2也能够通过构成PET膜的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的分子量、分子量分布等来调整。另外,在PET膜11中,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为主要的构成成分,可以根据需要适当含有添加剂,添加剂也可以作为将熔融热量差ΔH1-2设定为上述的范围的要素。在这些要素之中,作为将熔融热量差ΔH1-2设定为上述的范围的要素,拉伸后的热固定温度的贡献大。
从进一步提高电池用包装材料的成型性的观点考虑,作为PET膜11的熔融热量差ΔH1-2,下限优选列举为约7J/g以上、更优选列举为约8J/g以上、进一步优选列举为约10J/g以上,上限优选列举为约20J/g以下、更优选列举为约18J/g以下、进一步优选列举为约16J/g以下。另外,作为熔融热量差ΔH1-2的优选范围,可以列举6~20J/g左右、6~18J/g左右、6~16J/g左右、7~20J/g左右、7~18J/g左右、7~16J/g左右、8~20J/g左右、8~18J/g左右、8~16J/g左右、10~20J/g左右、10~18J/g左右、10~16J/g左右、13~14J/g左右。
另外,作为PET膜11的熔融热量H1,例如可以列举为45~60J/g左右、优选列举为47~56J/g左右、特别优选列举为53~54J/g左右,作为熔融热量H2,例如可以列举为39~43J/g左右、40~42J/g左右、特别优选列举为40~41J/g左右。
在本发明中,PET膜的熔融热量差ΔH1-2的测定方法如下所述。
(熔融热量差ΔH1-2的测定)
将作为测定对象的PET膜的样品设置于装置后,在氮气气氛气下,以10℃/分钟的速度从室温冷却至0℃,在0℃保持15分钟之后,以10℃/分钟的速度加热至300℃。将此时出现的吸热峰作为熔融峰1,将该熔融热量作为H1。接着,在300℃保持1分钟,再次以10℃/分钟的速度冷却至0℃。达到0℃之后原样保持1分钟,再次以10℃/分钟的速度加热至300℃。将此时出现的吸热峰作为熔融峰2,与熔融热量H1同样作为熔融热量H2。读取所得到的2个熔融热量的差分(H1-H2),作为熔融热量差ΔH1-2,得到熔融热量差ΔH1-2的绝对值。使用图4的示意图进行更具体説明,则图4的粗线A是将样品以10℃/分钟的速度从室温冷却至0℃,在0℃保持15分钟之后,以10℃/分钟的速度加热至300℃时得到的示意性曲线图(从0℃至300℃的曲线图),图4的细线B是在获得线A之后,加热至300℃后,在300℃保持1分钟,再次以10℃/分钟的速度冷却至0℃,达到0℃之后原样保持1分钟,再次加热至300℃时得到的示意性曲线图(从0℃至300℃的曲线图)。线B的曲线图表示具有2个吸热峰时的例子。熔融热量在各曲线图中对应于存在吸热峰的部分的线和与基线相交的点所包围的区域的面积。例如,熔融热量H1是在图4的粗线A中存在吸热峰的部分和与基线相交的2点(2点之中,A1存在于温度180℃至200℃之间,是在转移前线A离开基线的点,A2存在于260℃至280℃之间,是在转移后线A回到基线的点)所包围的区域的面积。另外,例如,熔融热量H2是在图4的细线B中存在吸热峰的部分和与基线相交的2点(B1存在于温度180℃至200℃之间,是在转移前线B离开基线的点,B2存在于260℃至280℃之间,是在转移后线B回到基线的点)所包围的区域的面积。此外,一般而言,PET膜的熔融峰可在210~230℃附近观察到。
另外,本发明的PET膜11优选通过拉伸试验测得的、表示施加于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的应力(MPa)与此时的形变的关系的应力-形变曲线中,测定连结屈服点(上屈服点)与破坏点的直线的斜率时,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的TD(Transverse Direction,横向)的方向中的斜率STD相对于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的MD(Machine Direction,纵向)的方向的斜率SMD的比STD/MD为0.8以上。通过使PET膜11的该斜率比STD/MD为0.8以上,能够进一步提高电池用包装材料的成型性。图5中表示用于说明通过拉伸试验得到的应力-形变曲线的屈服点和破坏点的示意图。在本发明中,屈服点是指上屈服点。通常,被双轴拉伸过的PET膜根据其制法而在MD的方向、TD的方向上其拉伸倍率出现差异,STD/MD远离1的情况多。本发明的PET膜11通过具有STD/MD接近1的适当的数值,电池用包装材料成型时的伸长更均匀,能够发挥优异的成型性。此外,关于PET膜11的斜率比STD/MD,也能够通过在PET膜11的成膜过程调整制膜法的种类、制膜时的条件(例如,拉伸倍率、拉伸后的热固定温度),设定为0.8以上。
从进一步提高电池用包装材料的成型性的观点考虑,作为PET膜11的该斜率比STD/MD,下限优选列举为约0.8以上、更优选列举为约0.9以上、进一步优选列举为约1.0以上,上限优选列举为约10.0以下、更优选列举为约7.0以下、进一步优选列举为约5.0以下。另外,作为该斜率比STD/MD的优选范围,可以列举0.8~10.0左右、0.8~7.0左右、0.8~5.0左右、0.9~10.0左右、0.9~7.0左右、0.9~5.0左右、1.0~10.0左右、1.0~7.0左右、1.0~5.0左右、1.0~1.5左右、1.1~1.3左右。
在本发明中,PET膜的该斜率比STD/MD能够通过连结以下所示的拉伸试验得到的屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率的测定来算出。
(连结由拉伸试验得到的屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率的测定)
以使长边方向为MD的方向、并使短边方向为TD的方向的方式,将各个PET膜的样品以成为100mm×15mm的大小的方式切出。使用拉伸试验机,以夹头间距离50mm、拉伸速度300mm/分钟进行拉伸,获得应力-形变曲线。此外,关于MD的方向和TD的方向的拉伸试验分别对同样制作的30个样品进行,从以形变(拉伸)大的顺序处于上游的5个应力-形变曲线测定连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率SMD、STD,由5个斜率SMD的平均值和5个斜率STD的平均值算出斜率比STD/MD,求出斜率比STD/MD的值。这是由于形变越大的样品,样品制作时的截面的状态越适当,并且可以说不形成对测定结果产生影响的折痕等。连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率SMD和STD分别能够由以下的式子表示。
连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率SMD={(MD的方向中的拉伸破坏应力)-(MD的方向中的拉伸屈服应力)}/{(MD的方向中的拉伸破坏形变)-(MD的方向中的拉伸屈服形变)}
连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率STD={(TD的方向中的拉伸破坏应力)-(TD的方向中的拉伸屈服应力)}/{(TD的方向中的拉伸破坏形变)-(TD的方向中的拉伸屈服形变)}
作为PET膜11的上述斜率SMD,例如可以列举1.0~2.0左右、优选列举为1.2~1.9左右、进一步优选列举为1.8~1.9左右,作为上述斜率STD,例如可以列举1.5~3.0左右、优选列举为1.6~2.2左右、进一步优选列举为2.0~2.2左右。
另外,在上述的拉伸试验中,作为屈服点的拉伸屈服应力,关于MD的方向,优选列举为95~125MPa左右、更优选列举为100~125MPa左右、进一步优选列举为104~120MPa左右,关于TD的方向,优选列举为95~118MPa左右、更优选列举为98~115MPa左右。另外,该拉伸屈服应力的MD的方向与TD的方向的差分的绝对值优选为0~20MPa左右,特别优选为0~16MPa左右。
在上述的拉伸试验中,作为屈服点的拉伸屈服形变,关于MD的方向,优选列举为100~115%左右、更优选列举为104~110%左右,关于TD的方向,优选列举为100~115%左右、更优选列举为104~110%左右。另外,该拉伸屈服形变的MD的方向与TD的方向的差分的绝对值优选为0~2%左右,特别优选为0~0.1%左右,
另外,在上述的拉伸试验中,作为破坏点的拉伸破坏应力,关于MD的方向,优选列举为150~250MPa左右、更优选列举为158~245MPa左右,关于TD的方向,优选列举为185~280MPa左右、更优选列举为185~272MPa左右、进一步优选列举为192~272MPa左右。另外,该拉伸破坏应力的MD的方向与TD的方向的差分的绝对值优选为0~105MPa左右,更优选为0~20MPa左右,特别优选为0~5MPa左右。
在上述的拉伸试验中,作为破坏点的拉伸破坏形变,关于MD的方向,优选列举为150~190%左右、更优选列举为160~188%左右,关于TD的方向,优选列举为160~190%左右、更优选列举为163~182%左右。另外,该拉伸破坏形变的MD的方向与TD的方向的差分的绝对值优选为0~25%左右,更优选为0~10%左右。
本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜11是由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的膜。
作为本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜11的厚度,没有特别限制,从使电池用包装材料的厚度薄型化并且提高成型性的观点考虑,下限优选列举为约5μm以上、更优选列举为约7μm以上,上限优选列举为约40μm以下、更优选列举为约35μm以下、进一步优选列举为约30μm以下。作为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜11的厚度的优选范围,可以列举5~40μm左右、5~35μm左右、5~30μm左右、7~40μm左右、7~35μm左右、7~30μm左右。
此外,在本发明中,是否为具有上述的熔融热量差ΔH1-2、斜率比STD/MD、厚度等的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜能够分别通过对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜单体进行测定来判断。另外,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为由依次叠层有基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层的叠层体构成的电池用包装材料的该基材层使用时,从叠层体获得该聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(例如,将PET膜从叠层体剥离,或者使PET膜以外的层溶解。此时,注意不要使PET膜拉伸。),测定上述的熔融热量差ΔH1-2、斜率比STD/MD、厚度等,判断是否为本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。
如后所述,关于叠层于叠层体的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的MD的方向、TD的方向,一般能够根据后述的阻挡层来判断。即,在电池用包装材料中,关于后述的阻挡层,一般能够判断其制造过程中的MD和TD。例如,阻挡层由铝箔构成时,在铝箔的压延方向(RD:Rolling Direction),在铝箔的表面形成称为所谓的压延痕的线状的条纹。由于压延痕沿压延方向延伸,所以通过观察铝箔的表面就能够掌握铝箔的压延方向。另外,在叠层体的制造过程中,一般而言,叠层体的MD与铝箔的RD一致,因此,通过观察叠层体的铝箔的表面,确定铝箔的压延方向(RD),就能够确定叠层体的MD(即,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的MD)。另外,叠层体的TD是与叠层体的MD垂直的方向,因此,也能够确定叠层体的TD(即,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的TD)。
此外,在本发明中,关于上述的斜率比STD/MD、熔融热量差ΔH1-2,其调整方法不同,提高成型性的机制也不同,分别为其它的要素。
2.电池用包装材料
如上所述,本发明的PET膜11能够在电池用包装材料的基材层1中适当地使用。
作为电池用包装材料10,可以列举具有由至少依次具有基材层1、阻挡层3和热熔接性树脂层4的叠层体构成的叠层结构的电池用包装材料。图2和图3中,作为电池用包装材料10的截面结构的一例,例示依次叠层有基材层1、粘接剂层2、阻挡层3、粘接层5和热熔接性树脂层4的方式。粘接剂层2是为了提高基材层1与阻挡层3的密合性等而根据需要设置的层。另外,粘接层5是为了提高阻挡层3与热熔接性树脂层4的密合性等而根据需要设置的层。在基材层1的外侧(与热熔接性树脂层4相反一侧),可以根据需要设置表面被覆层(省略图示)等。
在电池用包装材料10中,基材层1成为最外层侧,热熔接性树脂层4成为最内层。在组装电池时,通过将位于电池元件的周缘的热熔接性树脂层4彼此面接触并进行热熔接来将电池元件密封,封装电池元件。
作为构成电池用包装材料10的叠层体的厚度,没有特别限制,从使电池用包装材料的厚度薄、提高电池的能量密度并且成为成型性优异的电池用包装材料的观点考虑,例如可以列举约180μm以下、优选列举为约150μm以下、更优选列举为60~180μm左右、进一步优选列举为60~150μm左右。
[基材层1]
基材层1只要至少包含本发明的PET膜11即可,只要实现本发明的效果,也可以包含其它层。基材层1可以例如如图2所示,仅由本发明的PET膜11构成,也可以例如如图3所示,除了本发明的PET膜11以外,还具有聚酰胺膜13、用于提高聚酰胺膜13与PET膜11的密合性的粘接剂层12等其它层。
另外,电池用包装材料10的基材层1中,可以叠层多层本发明的PET膜11,也可以除本发明的PET膜11以外还进一步叠层有上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2低于6J/g的PET膜。
作为基材层1中可以含有的其它层的原材料,只要具有绝缘性即可,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举聚酯(其中,不包括上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氟树脂、聚氨酯、硅树脂、酚醛树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、和它们的混合物、共聚物等。
作为聚酯,具体而言,可以列举上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2低于6J/g的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、以对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯等。另外,作为以对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯,具体而言,可以列举将对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为重复单元的主体与间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯聚合的共聚物聚酯(以下,简称为聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/间苯二甲酸酯))、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/间苯二甲酸酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/己二酸酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/磺基间苯二甲酸钠)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/间苯二甲酸钠)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/二羧酸苯酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/癸烷二羧酸酯)等。另外,作为以对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯为重复单元的主体的其它共聚聚酯,可以列举聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等。这些聚酯可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。聚酯具有耐电解液性优异、对于电解液的附着不易产生白化等的优点,适合作为基材层1的形成原材料使用。
另外,作为聚酰胺,可以列举尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙610、尼龙12、尼龙46、尼龙6与尼龙66的共聚物等脂肪族系聚酰胺;包含源自对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸的结构单元的尼龙6I、尼龙6T、尼龙6IT、尼龙6I6T(I表示间苯二甲酸,T表示对苯二甲酸)等己二胺-间苯二甲酸-对苯二甲酸共聚聚酰胺、聚己二酰间苯二甲胺(MXD6)等包含芳香族的聚酰胺;聚氨基甲基环己基己二酰胺(PACM6)等脂环系聚酰胺;以及使内酰胺成分、4,4′-二苯基甲烷-二异氰酸酯等异氰酸酯成分共聚得到的聚酰胺、作为共聚聚酰胺与聚酯或聚亚烷基醚二醇的共聚物的聚酯酰胺共聚物、聚醚酯酰胺共聚物;它们的共聚物等。这些聚酰胺可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。拉伸聚酰胺膜的拉伸性优异,能够防止由成型时的基材层1的树脂破裂造成的白化的发生,适合作为基材层1的形成原材料使用。
将基材层1形成为多层结构时,各树脂膜可以经由粘接剂(粘接剂层12)粘接,也可以不经由粘接剂而直接叠层。不经由粘接剂粘接时,例如,可以列举共挤出法、夹心层压法、热层压法等以热熔融状态粘接的方法。另外,经由粘接剂粘接时,使用的粘接剂可以为双液固化型粘接剂,也可以为单液固化型粘接剂。另外,关于粘接剂的粘接机制,也没有特别限制,可以为化学反应型、溶剂挥发型、热熔融型、热压型、电子束固化型、紫外线固化型等任一种。作为粘接剂的具体例,可以列举与在后述的粘接剂层2中所例示的粘接剂同样的粘接剂。另外,关于粘接剂的厚度,也能够与粘接剂层2同样。
作为基材层1为多层结构时的具体例,可以列举:依次叠层有PET膜11/粘接剂层12/聚酰胺膜13的结构;依次叠层有PET膜11/粘接剂层12/PET膜11的结构;依次叠层有PET膜11/聚酰胺膜13的结构;依次叠层有PET膜11/PET膜11的结构。
PET膜在附着有电解液时的耐性优异,因此,优选在电池用包装材料10中PET膜位于最外层侧(与热熔接性树脂层相反一侧)。
在本发明中,从提高电池用包装材料的成型性的观点考虑,优选在基材层1的表面附着有滑剂。作为滑剂,没有特别限制,优选列举酰胺系滑剂。作为酰胺系滑剂的具体例,例如,可以列举饱和脂肪酰胺、不饱和脂肪酰胺、取代酰胺、羟甲基酰胺、饱和脂肪酸双酰胺、不饱和脂肪酸双酰胺等。作为饱和脂肪酰胺的具体例,可以列举月桂酰胺、棕榈酰胺、硬脂酰胺、山嵛酰胺、羟基硬脂酰胺等。作为不饱和脂肪酰胺的具体例,可以列举油酰胺、芥酸酰胺等。作为取代酰胺的具体例,可以列举N-油烯基棕榈酰胺、N-硬脂基硬脂酰胺、N-硬脂基油酰胺、N-油烯基硬脂酰胺、N-硬脂基芥酸酰胺等。另外,作为羟甲基酰胺的具体例,可以列举羟甲基硬脂酰胺等。作为饱和脂肪酸双酰胺的具体例,可以列举亚甲基双硬脂酰胺、亚乙基双癸酰胺、亚乙基双月桂酰胺、亚乙基双硬脂酰胺、亚乙基双羟基硬脂酰胺、亚乙基双山嵛酰胺、亚己基双硬脂酰胺、亚己基双山嵛酰胺、亚己基羟基硬脂酰胺、N,N′-二硬脂基己二酰胺、N,N′-二硬脂基癸二酰胺等。作为不饱和脂肪酸双酰胺的具体例,可以列举亚乙基双油酰胺、亚乙基双芥酸酰胺、亚己基双油酰胺、N,N′-二油烯基己二酰胺、N,N′-二油烯基癸二酰胺等。作为脂肪酸酯酰胺的具体例,可以列举硬脂酰胺乙基硬脂酸酯等。另外,作为芳香族系双酰胺的具体例,可以列举间苯二甲基双硬脂酰胺、间苯二甲基双羟基硬脂酰胺、N,N′-二硬脂基间苯二甲酰胺等。滑剂可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为基材层1中的滑剂的含量,没有特别限制,从提高电池用包装材料的成型性和绝缘性的观点考虑,优选列举为0.01~0.2质量%左右、更优选列举为0.05~0.15质量%左右。
关于基材层1的厚度,例如,可以5μm以上、优选列举为5~50μm左右、更优选列举为10~50μm左右、进一步优选列举为15~30μm左右。
在电池用包装材料中,作为基材层1是否使用本发明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的判断能够通过对从叠层体剥离的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯单体测定上述的熔融热量差ΔH1-2、斜率比STD/MD、厚度等来判断。
另外,在电池用包装材料中,关于叠层于叠层体的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的MD的方向、TD的方向,能够如前所述例如根据后述的阻挡层来判断。
[粘接剂层2]
粘接剂层2是为了将基材层1与阻挡层3牢固地粘接而根据需要在它们之间设置的层。
粘接剂层2由能够将基材层1与阻挡层3粘接的粘接剂形成。形成粘接剂层2所使用的粘接剂可以为双液固化型粘接剂,也可以为单液固化型粘接剂。并且,形成粘接剂层2所使用的粘接剂的粘接机理也没有特别限制,化学反应型、溶剂挥发型、热熔融型、热压型等任意类型均可。
作为能够用于形成粘接剂层2的粘接成分,具体而言,可以列举聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、共聚聚酯等聚酯系树脂;聚醚系粘接剂;聚氨酯系粘接剂;环氧系树脂;酚醛系树脂;尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙12、共聚聚酰胺等聚酰胺系树脂;聚烯烃、羧酸改性聚烯烃、金属改性聚烯烃等聚烯烃系树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂;纤维素系粘接剂;(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂;聚酰亚胺系树脂;聚碳酸酯;尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂等氨基树脂;氯丁二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶等橡胶;有机硅系树脂等。这些粘接成分可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。在这些粘接成分中,优选列举聚氨酯系粘接剂。
关于粘接剂层2的厚度,只要能够发挥作为粘接层的功能即可,没有特别限制,例如可以列举0.1~10μm左右、优选列举为0.5~5μm左右。
[阻挡层3]
在电池用包装材料中,阻挡层3是具有提高电池用包装材料的强度、并且防止水蒸气、氧、光等侵入电池内部的功能的层。阻挡层3优选是金属层,即,是由金属形成的层。作为构成阻挡层3的金属,具体而言,可以列举铝、不锈钢、钛等,优选列举铝。阻挡层3例如能够由金属箔、金属蒸镀膜、无机氧化物蒸镀膜、含碳无机氧化物蒸镀膜、设有这些蒸镀层的膜等形成,优选由金属箔形成,更优选由铝箔或不锈钢箔形成。
阻挡层3由铝箔构成时,铝箔由铝合金形成。从防止在制造电池用包装材料时阻挡层3产生褶皱或针孔的观点考虑,例如更优选由经过退火处理的铝(JIS H4160:1994A8021H-O、JIS H4160:1994A8079H-O、JIS H4000:2014A8021P-O、JIS H4000:2014A8079P-O)等软质铝箔形成。
另外,阻挡层3由不锈钢箔构成时,不锈钢箔优选有奥氏体系的不锈钢构成。由此,能够形成突刺强度高、耐电解液性和成型性也优异的电池用包装材料。作为奥氏体系的不锈钢的具体例,可以列举SUS304、SUS301、SUS316L等,这些之中,特别优选SUS304。另外,不锈钢箔通过特别进行冷轧压延处理而延展性提高,成型性改善。另外,在冷轧压延之后实施热处理,进行退火处理,由此,在移动方向和宽度方向的平衡改善,成型性提高。另外,为了使后述的化学法表面处理的效果稳定化,重要的是在压延处理后、或热处理后加入表面的清洗工序。清洗方法可以列举使用碱或酸的清洗,还可以列举碱电解脱脂清洗等。另外,也能够并用超声波处理、等离子体处理等。优选为碱脱脂清洗、碱电解脱脂。由此,表面的润湿性提高,能够使化学法表面处理均一化,使耐内容物性稳定化。
对于阻挡层3,为了粘接的稳定化、防止溶解或腐蚀等,优选其至少一面、优选两面实施化学法表面处理。其中,化学法表面处理意指在阻挡层的表面形成耐酸性覆膜的处理。作为化学法表面处理,例如,可以列举:使用硝酸铬、氟化铬、硫酸铬、乙酸铬、草酸铬、磷酸二氢铬、铬酸乙酰丙酮、氯化铬、硫酸钾铬等铬酸化合物的铬酸铬酸盐处理;使用磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铵、多聚磷酸等磷酸化合物的磷酸处理;使用氨基化酚聚合物的铬酸盐处理等。
阻挡层3的厚度只要能够发挥作为水蒸气等的阻挡层的功能即可,没有特别限制,例如,能够设为10~50μm左右、优选为10~45μm左右。
[热熔接性树脂层4]
热熔接性树脂层4相当于最内层,是在组装电池时热熔接性树脂层彼此热熔接而将电池元件密封的层。
关于热熔接性树脂层4所使用的树脂成分,以能够热熔接为限,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举聚烯烃、环状聚烯烃、酸改性聚烯烃、酸改性环状聚烯烃。即,构成热熔接性树脂层4的树脂可以包含聚烯烃骨架也可以不含聚烯烃骨架,优选包含聚烯烃骨架。构成热熔接性树脂层4的树脂包含聚烯烃骨架例如能够通过红外分光法、气相色谱质谱法等进行分析,分析方法没有特别限定。例如,在利用红外分光法对马来酸酐改性聚烯烃进行测定时,在波数1760cm-1附近和波数1780cm-1附近检测出来自马来酸酐的峰。但是,在酸改性度低时峰变小,有时检测不出。此时能够利用核磁共振分光法进行分析。
作为上述聚烯烃,具体而言,可以列举低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯等聚乙烯;均聚丙烯、聚丙烯的嵌段共聚物(例如丙烯与乙烯的嵌段共聚物)、聚丙烯的无规共聚物(例如丙烯与乙烯的无规共聚物)等聚丙烯;乙烯-丁烯-丙烯的三元聚合物等。这些聚烯烃之中,优选列举聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
上述环状聚烯烃为烯烃与环状单体的共聚物,作为上述环状聚烯烃的构成单体的烯烃,例如,可以列举乙烯、丙烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、苯乙烯、丁二烯、异戊二烯等。另外,作为上述环状聚烯烃的构成单体的环状单体,例如,可以列举降冰片烯等环状烯;具体而言,可以列举环戊二烯、二环戊二烯、环己二烯、降冰片二烯等环状二烯等。这些聚烯烃中,优选列举环状烯,更优选列举降冰片烯。
上述酸改性聚烯烃是指通过利用羧酸等酸成分将上述聚烯烃嵌段聚合或接枝聚合而改性得到的聚合物。作为改性所使用的酸成分,例如,可以列举马来酸、丙烯酸、衣康酸、巴豆酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸酐等。
上述酸改性环状聚烯烃是指通过将构成环状聚烯烃的单体的一部分以α,β-不饱和羧酸或其酸酐代替而进行共聚,或者对于环状聚烯烃将α,β-不饱和羧酸或其酸酐进行本体聚合或接枝聚合而获得的聚合物。对于羧酸改性的环状聚烯烃而言,与上述相同。另外,作为改性所使用的羧酸,与上述聚烯烃的改性所使用的相同。
这些树脂成分中,优选列举羧酸改性聚烯烃,更优选列举羧酸改性聚丙烯。
这些树脂成分之中,优选列举聚丙烯等聚烯烃、羧酸改性聚烯烃;进一步优选列举聚丙烯、酸改性聚丙烯。
热熔接性树脂层4可以单独由1种树脂成分形成,还可以由将2种以上的树脂成分组成而成的掺混聚合物形成。另外,热熔接性树脂层4可以仅由1层形成,还可以利用相同或不同的树脂成分由2层以上形成。
另外,热熔接性树脂层4可以根据需要含有滑剂等。热熔接性树脂层4含有滑剂时,可以提高电池用包装材料的成型性。作为滑剂,没有特别限制,能够使用公知的滑剂,例如,可以列举在上述的基材层1中所例示的滑剂等。滑剂可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。作为热熔接性树脂层4中的滑剂的含量,没有特别限制,从提高电池用包装材料的成型性和绝缘性的观点考虑,优选列举为0.01~0.20质量%左右、更优选列举为0.05~0.15质量%左右。
另外,作为热熔接性树脂层4的厚度,只要能够发挥作为热熔接性树脂层的功能即可,没有特别限制,优选列举为60μm以下、更优选列举为10~40μm左右。
[粘接层5]
粘接层5是为了将阻挡层3与热熔接性树脂层4牢固地粘接而在它们之间设置的层。
粘接层5由能够将阻挡层3与热熔接性树脂层4粘接的树脂形成。作为形成粘接层5所使用的树脂,能够使用其粘接机理、粘接剂成分的种类等与在粘接剂层2中例示的粘接剂同样的物质。另外,作为形成粘接层5所使用的树脂,也能够使用在上述的热熔接性树脂层4中例示的聚烯烃、环状聚烯烃、羧酸改性聚烯烃、羧酸改性环状聚烯烃等聚烯烃系树脂。从使阻挡层3与热熔接性树脂层4的密合性优异的观点考虑,作为聚烯烃,优选为羧酸改性聚烯烃,特别优选为羧酸改性聚丙烯。即,构成粘接层5的树脂可以包含聚烯烃骨架也可以不含聚烯烃骨架,优选包含聚烯烃骨架。构成粘接层5的树脂包含聚烯烃骨架例如能够通过红外分光法、气相色谱质谱法等进行分析,分析方法没有特别限定。例如,在利用红外分光法对马来酸酐改性聚烯烃进行测定时,在波数1760cm-1附近和波数1780cm-1附近检测出来自马来酸酐的峰。但是,在酸改性度低时峰变小,有时检测不出。此时能够利用核磁共振分光法进行分析。
另外,从使电池用包装材料的厚度薄并且形成成型后的形状稳定性优异的电池用包装材料的观点考虑,粘接层5可以为含有酸改性聚烯烃和固化剂的树脂组合物的固化物。作为酸改性聚烯烃,优选为与热熔接性树脂层4所例示的羧酸改性聚烯烃、羧酸改性环状聚烯烃相同的酸改性聚烯烃。
另外,作为固化剂,只要能够使酸改性聚烯烃固化即可,没有特别限定。作为固化剂,例如,可以列举环氧系固化剂、多官能异氰酸酯系固化剂、碳化二亚胺系固化剂、噁唑啉系固化剂等。
环氧系固化剂只要是具有至少1个环氧基的化合物即可,没有特别限定。作为环氧系固化剂,例如,可以列举双酚A缩水甘油醚、改性双酚A缩水甘油醚、酚醛清漆缩水甘油醚、丙三醇缩水甘油醚、聚丙三醇缩水甘油醚等环氧树脂。
多官能异氰酸酯系固化剂只要是具有2个以上的异氰酸酯基的化合物即可,没有特别限定。作为多官能异氰酸酯系固化剂的具体例,可以列举异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、将它们聚合物化或脲酸酯(nurated)化得到的聚合物、它们的混合物、与其它的聚合物的共聚物等。
碳化二亚胺系固化剂只要是至少具有1个碳化二亚胺基(-N=C=N-)的化合物即可,没有特别限定。作为碳化二亚胺系固化剂,优选至少具有2个碳化二亚胺基的多碳化二亚胺化合物。
噁唑啉系固化剂只要是具有噁唑啉骨架的化合物即可,没有特别限定。作为噁唑啉系固化剂,可以列举株式会社日本触媒公司的Epocros系列等。
从利用粘接层5提高阻挡层3与热熔接性树脂层4的密合性等的观点考虑,固化剂可以由2种以上的化合物构成。
形成粘接层5的树脂组合物中的固化剂的含量优选处于0.1~50质量%左右的范围、更优选处于0.1~30质量%左右的范围、进一步优选处于0.1~10质量%左右的范围。
关于粘接层5的厚度,只要能够发挥作为粘接层的功能即可,没有特别限制,使用在粘接剂层2中所例示的粘接剂时,优选列举为1~10μm左右、更优选列举为1~5μm左右。另外,使用在热熔接性树脂层4中所例示的树脂时,优选列举为2~50μm左右、更优选列举为10~40μm左右。另外,为酸改性聚烯烃与固化剂的固化物时,优选列举为约30μm以下、更优选列举为0.1~20μm左右、进一步优选列举为0.5~5μm左右。此外,粘接层5为包含酸改性聚烯烃和固化剂的树脂组合物的固化物时,能够通过涂布该树脂组合物并通过加热等使其固化,形成粘接层5。
[表面被覆层]
在本发明的电池用包装材料中,为了提高设计性、耐电解液性、耐擦伤性、成型性等,可以根据需要在基材层1之上(基材层1的与阻挡层3相反的一侧)根据需要设置表面被覆层。表面被覆层是在组装电池时位于最外层的层。
表面被覆层能够由树脂组合物形成。作为树脂组合物所含的成分,如后所述,可以列举树脂成分、以及固化促进剂、添加剂(填料等)。
树脂组合物中所含的树脂成分优选包含热固性树脂。作为热固性树脂,只要在加热时发生聚合并形成高分子的网络结构而固化即可。作为热固性树脂,具体而言,可以列举聚偏氯乙烯、聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、氨基树脂(三聚氰胺树脂、苯代三聚氰胺树脂等)、丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂等。
这些热固性树脂之中,从固化时间的缩短化、成型性和耐药品性的提高等的观点考虑,优选列举聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂,更优选列举双液固化性聚氨酯树脂和双液固化性环氧树脂,特别优选列举双液固化性环氧树脂。
作为双液固化性聚氨酯树脂,具体而言,可以列举多元醇化合物(主剂)与异氰酸酯系化合物(固化剂)的组合,作为双液固化性环氧树脂,具体而言,可以列举环氧树脂(主剂)与酸酐、胺化合物、或氨基树脂(固化剂)的组合。另外,作为双液固化性聚氨酯树脂,也优选由具有活性氢的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯(主剂)与聚异氰酸酯(固化剂)的组合形成的多官能聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
双液固化性聚氨酯树脂中,作为用作主剂的多元醇化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以列举聚酯多元醇、聚酯聚氨酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚聚氨酯多元醇等。这些多元醇化合物可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
另外,双液固化性聚氨酯树脂中,作为用作固化剂的异氰酸酯系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以列举聚异氰酸酯、其加成体、其异氰脲酸酯改性体、其碳化二亚胺改性体、其脲基甲酸酯改性体、其缩二脲改性体等。作为聚异氰酸酯,具体而言,可以列举二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(Polymeric MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、双(4-异氰酸酯环己基)甲烷(H12MDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(1,5-NDI)、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二亚苯基二异氰酸酯(TODI)、二甲苯二异氰酸酯(XDI)等芳香族二异氰酸酯;三亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯等的脂肪族二异氰酸酯;4,4'-亚甲基双(环己基异氰酸酯)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯等脂环族二异氰酸酯;1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(1,5-NDI)等多环芳香族二异氰酸酯等。作为加成体,具体而言,可以列举在上述聚异氰酸酯中加成三羟甲基丙烷、乙二醇等而得到的物质。这些异氰酸酯系化合物可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
另外,这些热固性树脂可以为交联性弹性体。交联性弹性体是指能够对固化物赋予软链段的热固性树脂。例如,交联性弹性体之中,为双液固化性聚氨酯树脂或双液固化性环氧树脂时,只要上述的主剂具有能够赋予软链段的结构即可。交联性弹性体为了使构成表面被覆层的层具有所期望的硬度,能够作为在构成表面被覆层的层的形成中使用的热固性树脂的一部分使用。
这些热固性树脂可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。另外,表面被覆层可以由多个层形成。表面被覆层由多个层形成时,各层中所使用的热固性树脂可以相同也可以不同,热固性树脂的种类根据各层所应当具有的功能、物性等适当选择即可。例如,构成表面被覆层的层之中,对于形成最外表面层的层(位于与基材层1侧相反一侧的最外表面层),从具有优异的耐药品性的观点考虑,可以适当使用具有多环芳香族骨架和/或多环骨架的热固性树脂。作为具有多环芳香族骨架的热固性树脂,具体而言,可以列举具有多环芳香族骨架的环氧树脂、具有多环芳香族骨架的聚氨酯树脂。另外,作为具有多环骨架的热固性树脂,具体而言,可以列举三聚氰胺树脂、苯代三聚氰胺树脂等的氨基树脂。这些具有多环芳香族骨架和/或杂环骨架的热固性树脂可以是单液固化型或双液型固化型中的任意种类型。
作为具有多环芳香族骨架的环氧树脂,更具体而言,可以列举二羟基萘与表卤醇的反应物;萘酚与醛类的缩合物(萘酚酚醛清漆树脂)与表卤醇的反应物;二羟基萘与醛类的缩合物与表卤醇的反应物;单羟基萘或二羟基萘与苯二甲醇类的缩合物与表卤醇的反应物;单羟基萘或二羟基萘与二烯化合物的加成物与表卤醇的反应物;萘酚彼此直接偶联而得到的多萘酚类与表卤醇的反应物等。
作为具有多环芳香族骨架的聚氨酯树脂,更具体而言,可以列举多元醇化合物与具有多环芳香族骨架的异氰酸酯系化合物的反应物。
(固化促进剂)
形成表面被覆层的树脂组合物中,除了上述的树脂成分,也可以进一步含有固化促进剂。通过与热固性树脂一起共存有固化促进剂,能够在制造时不需要进行高温条件下的蚀刻而以短时间使表面被覆层固化,形成具有特定的硬度的层。
其中,所谓“固化促进剂”为自身不形成交联结构、但促进热固性树脂的交联反应的物质,为具有促进热固性树脂的交联反应的作用、有时自身也形成交联结构的物质。
关于固化促进剂的种类,根据使用的热固性树脂适当地选择,使得能够满足上述的硬度即可,例如,可以列举脒化合物、碳化二亚胺化合物、酮亚胺化合物、肼化合物、锍盐、苯并噻唑鎓盐、叔胺化合物等。
作为脒化合物,没有特别限定,例如可以列举咪唑化合物、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7烯(DBU)、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯(DBN)、胍化合物等。作为咪唑化合物,具体而言,可以列举2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、2,4-二甲基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1,2-二乙基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、1-苄基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-十一烷基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-甲基咪唑基-(1)']-乙基-S-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-乙基-4'-甲基咪唑基-(1)']-乙基-S-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-十一烷基咪唑基]-乙基-S-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-甲基咪唑基-(1)']-乙基-S-三嗪异氰脲酸化加成物、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羟基甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羟基甲基咪唑、2-芳基-4,5-二苯基咪唑等。这些脒化合物可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为碳化二亚胺化合物,没有特别限定,例如可以列举N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳化二亚胺、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺、N-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-N'-乙基碳化二亚胺、N-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-N'-乙基碳化二亚胺甲碘化物、N-叔丁基-N'-乙基碳化二亚胺、N-环己基-N'-(2-吗啉代乙基)碳化二亚胺间-对甲苯磺酸酯、N,N'-二叔丁基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二-对甲苯基碳化二亚胺等。这些碳化二亚胺化合物可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为酮亚胺化合物,只要具有酮亚胺键(N=C)就没有特别限定,例如可以列举使酮与胺反应而得到的酮亚胺化合物。作为上述酮,具体而言,可以列举甲乙酮、甲基异丙基酮、甲基叔丁基酮、甲基环己基酮、二乙基酮、乙基丙基酮、乙基丁基酮、二丙基酮、二丁基酮、二异丁基酮等。另外,作为上述胺,具体而言,可以列举邻苯二胺、间苯二胺、对苯二胺、间二甲苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基砜、二氨基二乙基二苯基甲烷等芳香族多胺;乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、六亚甲基二胺、三甲基六亚甲基二胺、1,2-丙二胺、亚氨基双丙基胺、甲基亚氨基双丙基胺等脂肪族多胺;在N-氨基乙基哌嗪、3-丁氧基异丙基胺等的主链上具有醚键的单胺或聚醚骨架的二胺;异佛尔酮二胺、1,3-双氨基甲基环己烷、1-环己基氨基-3-氨基丙烷、3-氨基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基环己基胺等脂环式多胺;降冰片烯骨架的二胺;在聚酰胺的分子末端具有氨基的聚酰胺胺;2,5-二甲基-2,5-六亚甲基二胺、烷二胺、1,4-双(2-氨基-2-甲基丙基)哌嗪等作为具体例。这些酮亚胺化合物可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为肼化合物,没有特别限定,例如可以列举二蒎酸二酰肼、间苯二甲酸二酰肼等。这些肼化合物可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为锍盐,没有特别限定,例如可以列举4-乙酰苯基二甲基锍六氟锑酸盐、4-乙酰苯基二甲基锍六氟砷酸盐、二甲基-4-(苄基氧基羰氧基)苯基锍六氟锑酸盐、二甲基-4-(苯甲酰氧基)苯基锍六氟锑酸盐、二甲基-4-(苯甲酰氧基)苯基锍六氟砷酸盐等烷基锍盐;苄基-4-羟基苯基甲基锍六氟锑酸盐、4-乙酰氧基苯基苄基甲基锍六氟锑酸盐、苄基-4-甲氧基苯基甲基锍六氟锑酸盐、苄基-3-氯-4-羟基苯基甲基锍六氟砷酸盐、4-甲氧基苄基-4-羟基苯基甲基锍六氟磷酸盐等苄基锍盐;二苄基-4-羟基苯基锍六氟锑酸盐、二苄基-4-羟基苯基锍六氟磷酸盐、二苄基-4-甲氧基苯基锍六氟锑酸盐、苄基-4-甲氧基苄基-4-羟基苯基锍六氟磷酸盐等二苄基锍盐;对氯苄基-4-羟基苯基甲基锍六氟锑酸盐、对硝基苄基-4-羟基苯基甲基锍六氟锑酸盐、3,5-二氯苄基-4-羟基苯基甲基锍六氟锑酸盐、邻氯苄基-3-氯-4-羟基苯基甲基锍六氟锑酸盐等取代苄基锍盐等。这些锍盐可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为苯并噻唑鎓盐,没有特别限定,例如可以列举3-苄基苯并噻唑鎓六氟锑酸盐、3-苄基苯并噻唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、3-苄基苯并噻唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、3-(对甲氧基苄基)苯并噻唑鎓六氟锑酸盐、3-苄基-2-甲基硫代苯并噻唑鎓六氟锑酸盐、3-苄基-5-氯苯并噻唑鎓六氟锑酸盐等苄基苯并噻唑鎓盐。这些苯并噻唑鎓盐可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为叔胺化合物,没有特别限定,例如可以列举三甲胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺、三乙二胺、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、奎宁环、3-奎宁环醇等脂肪族叔胺;二甲基苯胺等芳香族叔胺;异喹啉、吡啶、三甲吡啶、β皮考啉等杂环叔胺等。这些叔胺化合物可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
作为上述固化促进剂的优选例子之一,可以列举作为热氧产生剂发挥功能的物质。所谓热氧产生剂,是指通过加热产生氧而作为固化促进剂发挥功能的物质。在上述的固化促进剂中,能够作为热氧产生剂发挥功能的物质,具体而言,可以列举锍盐、苯并噻唑鎓盐等。
另外,作为上述固化促进剂的其它优选例子之一,可以列举在规定的加热条件下(例如80~2000℃、优选100~160℃)活化而促进热固性树脂的交联反应的、具有潜热性的物质。在上述的固化促进剂中,作为潜热性的物质,具体而言,可以列举在脒化合物、肼化合物、叔胺化合物等加成环氧化合物而得到的环氧加成物。
另外,作为上述固化促进剂的其它优选例子之一,可以列举在密闭状态、即遮蔽湿气状态下不作为固化剂发挥功能、但在打开封闭状态、存在湿气的条件下进行水解而作为固化剂发挥功能的、具有水解型潜在性的物质。在上述的固化促进剂中,作为水解型潜在性的物质,具体而言,可以列举在脒化合物、肼化合物、叔胺化合物等加成环氧化合物而得到的环氧加成物。
这些固化促进剂可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。这些固化促进剂之中,优选列举脒化合物、锍盐,进一步优选列举脒化合物。
这些固化促进剂在上述表面被覆层可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。另外,表面被覆层由多个层形成时,在构成表面被覆层的各层彼此中,所使用的固化促进剂可以相同也可以不同,固化促进剂的种类可以根据各层所应当具有的功能、物性等适当选择即可。
使用固化促进剂时,关于表面被覆层的形成中所使用的树脂组合物中的固化促进剂的含量,可以根据所使用的热固性树脂的种类、固化促进剂的种类等适当选择,例如,相对于热固性树脂100质量份,固化促进剂以总量计,可以列举0.01~6质量份左右、优选列举0.05~5质量份左右、进一步优选列举0.1~2质量份左右。
表面被覆层优选作为添加剂含有填料。即,表面被覆层优选由含有填料的树脂组合物形成。通过使表面被覆层含有填料,能够在表面被覆层的表面形成凹凸形状,能够对电池用包装材料赋予消光感。作为填料的具体例,可以列举氧化钛、二氧化硅、滑石、粘土、重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙、硫酸钡、硅酸钙、合成硅酸盐、氢氧化铝、硅酸微粉末等无机填料。填料可以仅使用1种,也可以混合2种以上使用。
无机填料之中,从容易操作且容易获得的方面考虑,优选将二氧化硅或沉降性硫酸钡作为材料的无机填料。此外,沉降性硫酸钡是指利用化学反应制造的硫酸钡,特征在于能够控制粒径。
作为表面被覆层中的填料的含量,例如在填料为平均粒径1.0~3.0μm左右的二氧化硅时,优选为2.0~8.7质量%左右,另外,例如在填料为平均粒径小于1.5μm的沉降性硫酸钡时,优选为13.0~40.0质量%左右。填料的含量是指表面被覆层中的填料的含量,是溶剂从用于形成含有填料的表面被覆层的上述的树脂组合物挥发后的含量。此外,填料的平均粒径是用激光衍射/散射式粒径分布测定装置测得的中位径。
在表面被覆层中,作为添加剂,可以含有颜料和染料的至少一方。表面被覆层含有颜料和染料的至少一方时,能够更有效地抑制成型时的白化,并且,也能够提高耐磨耗性。另外,通过使表面被覆层含有颜料和染料的至少一方,能够对本发明的电池用包装材料赋予识别性(通过颜料和染料的至少一方显色),能够对本发明的电池用包装材料的表面赋予消光的设计,或者进一步提高本发明的电池用包装材料的热传导率而提高放热性。
作为颜料的材质,没有特别限制,可以为无机颜料或有机颜料的任一种。作为无机颜料,具体而言,可以列举碳黑、碳纳米管、石墨、高岭土、氢氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化钕、氧化锑、氧化铈、硫酸钙、硫酸钾、金、铝、铜、镍等。作为有机颜料,具体而言,可以列举偶氮颜料、多环颜料、色淀颜料、荧光颜料等。这些颜料可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
对于颜料的形状,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举球状、纤维状、板状、不定形、中空球体状等。另外,对于颜料的平均粒径,没有特别限制,例如,优选列举为0.01~3μm左右、更优选列举为0.05~1μm左右。此外,颜料的平均粒径是用激光衍射/散射式粒径分布测定装置测得的中位径。
对于颜料,可以根据需要对表面实施绝缘处理、高分散性处理(树脂被覆处理)等的各种表面处理。
另外,关于染料的种类,只要能够溶解、分散于表面被覆层的形成中所使用的树脂组合物中即可,没有特别限制,例如,能够列举硝基染料、偶氮系染料、芪染料、正碳染料、喹啉染料、次甲基染料、噻唑染料、醌亚胺染料、蒽醌染料、靛蓝染料和酞菁染料等,优选为偶氮染料、正碳染料、蒽醌染料等。这些染料可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
这些颜料和染料中,从进一步提高电池用包装材料的放热性的观点考虑,优选列举为颜料,更优选列举为无机颜料,更优选列举为碳黑、碳纳米管、石墨等碳材料,特别优选列举为碳黑。
在将表面被覆层形成为由2个以上的层构成的多层结构时,颜料和/或染料可以在这2个以上的层内的任一个层中含有,或者在2个以上的层中含有。从使本发明的电池用包装材料在成型后成型的部分与未成型的部分的色调之差小的观点考虑,优选形成为以2层以上的层构成表面被覆层的多层结构并在2个以上的层中含有颜料和/或染料,更优选形成为以3层以上的层构成表面被覆层的3层结构并在3个层中全部含有颜料和/或染料。
构成表面被覆层的至少1个层中含有颜料和/或染料时,关于其含量,可以根据所使用的颜料和/或染料的种类、应当对本发明的电池用包装材料赋予的识别性、放热性等适当选择,例如,相对于含有颜料和/或染料的层中所含的树脂成分100质量份,颜料和/或染料以总量计可以列举为1~30质量份。从赋予更加优异的识别性的观点考虑,相对于含有颜料和/或染料的层中所含的树脂成分100质量份,颜料和/或染料以总量计可以列举为3~20质量份。另外,从赋予更加优异的识别性并且抑制由于颜料和/或染料引起的成型性降低的观点考虑,相对于含有颜料和/或染料的层中所含的树脂成分100质量份,颜料和/或染料以总量计可以列举为5~15质量份。
在表面被覆层的形成所使用的树脂组合物中,根据该表面被覆层所应当具有的功能性等,除了上述的添加剂之外,可以根据需要含有有机填料、滑剂、溶剂、弹性体树脂等其它添加剂。
在表面被覆层中作为添加剂含有有机填料、滑剂时,能够对本发明的电池用包装材料的表面赋予滑爽效果,提高加压成型、压花加工中的成型加工性,或者使操作性良好。
作为有机填料的种类,没有特别限定,例如,可以列举高融点尼龙、交联丙烯酸、交联苯乙烯、交联聚乙烯、苯代三聚氰胺等。另外,对于有机填料的形状也没有特别限定,例如,可以列举球状、纤维状、板状、不定形、中空球状等。
另外,作为滑剂,没有特别限制,例如,可以为非反应性滑剂,或者也可以为反应性滑剂。特别是反应性滑剂具有滑剂不易从构成表面被覆层的最外表面层渗出丧失,能够抑制使用时发生扬粉或转印污染或者滑爽效果经时降低这样的优点,因此,在滑剂之中,优选为反应性滑剂。
这里,非反应性滑剂是指例如不具有与上述的树脂成分反应而化学键合的官能团、能够赋予滑爽性(滑动性)的化合物。另外,反应性滑剂是指具有与上述的树脂成分反应而化学键合的官能团、且能够赋予滑爽性(滑动性)的化合物。
作为非反应性滑剂,具体而言,例如,可以列举脂肪酰胺、金属皂、亲水性有机硅、接枝了有机硅的丙烯酸、接枝了有机硅的环氧化合物、接枝了有机硅的聚醚、接枝了有机硅的聚酯、嵌段型有机硅丙烯酸共聚物、聚甘油改性有机硅、石蜡等。这些非反应性滑剂可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。
另外,在反应性滑剂中,关于官能团的种类,可以根据所使用的树脂成分的种类适当设定,例如,可以列举羟基、巯基、水解性甲硅烷基、异氰酸酯基、环氧基、聚合性乙烯基、(甲基)丙烯酰基等。在反应性滑剂中,关于每1分子的官能团数,没有特别限定,例如可以列举1~3个,优选列举1或2个。
作为反应性滑剂,具体而言,可以列举具有上述官能团的改性有机硅;具有上述官能团的改性氟树脂;向硬脂酸酰胺、油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺、亚乙基二硬脂酸酰胺等脂肪酸酰胺中导入了上述官能团的化合物;导入了上述官能团的金属皂;导入了上述官能团的石蜡等。这些反应性滑剂可以单独使用1种,还可以组合2种以上使用。这些反应性滑剂之中,优选列举具有上述官能团的改性有机硅、具有上述官能团的氟树脂、具有上述官能团的有机硅改性树脂。作为上述改性有机硅,具体而言,可以列举如嵌段聚合了丙烯酸树脂而得到的改性有机硅等那样的、嵌段聚合了具有上述官能团的聚合物而得到的改性有机硅;如接枝聚合了丙烯酸酯而得到的改性有机硅等那样的、接枝聚合了具有上述官能团的单体而得到的改性有机硅等。另外,作为改性氟树脂,具体而言,可以列举如接枝聚合了丙烯酸酯而得到的氟树脂等那样的、接枝聚合了具有上述官能团的单体而得到的改性氟树脂;如嵌段聚合了丙烯酸树脂而得到的改性氟树脂等那样的、嵌段聚合了具有上述官能团的聚合物而得到的氟树脂等。另外,作为有机硅改性树脂,具体而言,可以列举如在具有上述官能团的丙烯酸树脂上接枝聚合了有机硅的有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂等那样的、具有上述官能团且接枝聚合了有机硅而得到的有机硅改性树脂等。这些之中,作为特别优选的反应性滑剂,可以列举在有机硅的一个末端聚合有具有上述官能团的单体或聚合物的改性有机硅;在氟树脂的一个末端聚合有具有上述官能团的单体或聚合物的改性氟树脂。作为这样的改性有机硅和改性氟树脂,例如在市场上销售的有“Modiper(注册商标)F·FS系列”(日油株式会社制)、“Symac(注册商标)系列”(东亚合成株式会社制)等,也能够使用这些市售品。
在形成上述表面被覆层中的最外表面层的层所使用的树脂组合物中含有滑剂时,对于其含量没有特别限定,例如,相对于树脂成分100质量份,滑剂以总量计可以列举1~12质量份左右、优选列举3~10质量份左右、进一步优选列举5~8质量份左右。
此外,作为添加剂的具体例,可以列举蒙脱土、蒙脱石、合成云母、水滑石、沸石、苯甲酸钙、草酸钙、硬脂酸镁、金、铝、铜、镍等。
作为形成表面被覆层的方法,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举将形成表面被覆层的树脂组合物在基材层1的一个表面上涂布的方法。配合添加剂时,可以在树脂组合物中添加添加剂并混合后进行涂布。
作为表面被覆层的厚度,只要能够发挥作为表面被覆层的上述功能即可,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举0.5~10μm左右、优选列举1~5μm左右。
3.电池用包装材料的制造方法
关于电池用包装材料的制造方法,只要可以得到叠层有规定组成的各层的叠层体即可,没有特别限制。即,电池用包装材料具有至少依次叠层基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层的工序,基材层能够使用上述的熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜来制造。
作为本发明的电池用包装材料的制造方法的一例,如下所述。首先,形成依次叠层有基材层1、粘接剂层2、阻挡层3的叠层体(以下,有时也记为“叠层体A”)。叠层体A的形成具体而言可以通过如下的干式层压法进行,即,在基材层1上或根据需要表面进行化学法表面处理的阻挡层3上,利用凹版涂敷法、辊涂法等涂布方法,涂布粘接剂层2的形成中所使用的粘接剂,并进行干燥,之后叠层该阻挡层3或基材层1,使粘接剂层2固化。
接着,在叠层体A的阻挡层3上叠层热熔接性树脂层4。在阻挡层3上直接叠层热熔接性树脂层4时,在叠层体A的阻挡层3上,通过凹版涂敷法、辊涂法等方法涂布构成热熔接性树脂层4的树脂成分即可。另外,在阻挡层3与热熔接性树脂层4之间设置粘接层5时,例如可以列举:(1)在叠层体A的阻挡层3上,通过共挤出粘接层5和热熔接性树脂层4而叠层的方法(共挤出层压法);(2)另外形成叠层有粘接层5和热熔接性树脂层4的叠层体,将其通过热层压法叠层在叠层体A的阻挡层3上的方法;(3)在叠层体A的阻挡层3上,通过挤出法或溶液涂敷用于形成粘接层5的粘接剂,在高温下干燥并进一步烘烤的方法等叠层,在该粘接层5上通过热层压法叠层预先成膜为片状的热熔接性树脂层4的方法;(4)一边在叠层体A的阻挡层3与预先成膜为片状的热熔接性树脂层4之间流入熔融的粘接层5,一边通过粘接层5贴合叠层体A和热熔接性树脂层4的方法(夹心层压法)等。
设置表面被覆层时,在基材层1的与阻挡层3相反一侧的表面叠层表面被覆层。表面被覆层例如能够通过将形成表面被覆层的上述的树脂在基材层1的表面涂布来形成。此外,在基材层1的表面叠层阻挡层3的工序与在基材层1的表面叠层表面被覆层的工序的顺序没有特别限制。例如,也可以在基材层1的表面形成表面被覆层之后,在基材层1的与表面被覆层相反一侧的表面形成阻挡层3。
如上所述操作,形成由根据需要设置的表面被覆层/基材层1/根据需要设置的粘接剂层2/根据需要对表面进行了化学法表面处理的阻挡层3/根据需要设置的粘接层5/热熔接性树脂层4构成的叠层体,为了使根据需要设置的粘接剂层2和粘接层5的粘接性牢固,也可以进一步提供给热辊接触式、热风式、近红外线式或远红外线式等加热处理。作为这样的加热处理的条件,例如可以列举在150~250℃加热1~5分钟。
在电池用包装材料中,构成叠层体的各层可以根据需要为了提高制膜性、叠层化加工、最终制品2次加工(制袋化、压花成型)适应性等或使其稳定化而实施电晕处理、喷砂处理、氧化处理、臭氧处理等表面活化处理。例如,通过对基材层的至少一个表面实施电晕处理,可以提高制膜性、叠层化加工、最终制品2次加工适应性等或使其稳定化。另外,例如,通过对基材层1的与阻挡层3相反一侧的表面实施电晕处理,能够提高油墨对基材层1表面的印刷适应性。
4.电池用包装材料的用途
电池用包装材料在用于密封并收纳正极、负极、电解质等电池元件的包装体中使用。即,能够在由本发明的电池用包装材料形成的包装体中,收纳至少具有正极、负极和电解质的电池元件,制成电池。电池用包装材料例如通过冷轧成型等形成用于收纳电池元件的空间,成为包装体。
具体而言,利用本发明的电池用包装材料,将至少具有正极、负极和电解质的电池元件以上述正极和负极分别所连接的金属端子向外侧突出的状态、能够在电池元件的周缘形成凸缘部(热熔接性树脂层彼此接触的区域)的方式被覆,将上述凸缘部的热熔接性树脂层彼此热封而使其密封,由此能够提供使用了电池用包装材料的电池。其中,在由本发明的电池用包装材料形成的包装体中收纳电池元件的情况下,以本发明的电池用包装材料的密封部分为内侧(与电池元件接触的面)的方式形成包装体。
电池用包装材料在一次电池、二次电池中均可使用,优选二次电池。关于能够应用本发明的电池用包装材料的二次电池的种类,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举锂离子电池、锂离子聚合物电池、铅蓄电池、镍-氢蓄电池、镍-镉蓄电池、镍-铁蓄电池、镍-锌蓄电池、氧化银-锌蓄电池、金属空气电池、多价阳离子电池、电容器(condenser)、电容器(capacitor)等。这些二次电池中,作为本发明的电池用包装材料的优选的应用对象,可以列举锂离子电池和锂离子聚合物电池。
实施例
下面例示实施例和比较例对本发明进行详细说明。但本发明并不限定于实施例。
(实施例1~6和比较例1)
在实施例1~6和比较例1中,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET膜)的熔融热量差ΔH1-2、连结利用拉伸试验得到的屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率的测定、和电池用包装材料的成型性分别如下所述进行。在表1中表示结果。
(熔融热量差ΔH1-2的测定)
使用差示扫描量热计测定熔融热量差ΔH1-2,上述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为如下测得的熔融热量H1和熔融热量H2的差:以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在上述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。具体的测定条件如下所述。作为差示扫描量热计,使用了株式会社岛津制作所的“DSC-60Plus”,作为解析软件,使用了株式会社岛津制作所制的TA60。另外,作为样品盘,使用了铝盘。另外,测定中,将PET膜的样品设置于装置后,在氮气气氛气下,以10℃/分钟的速度从室温冷却至0℃,在0℃保持15分钟之后,以10℃/分钟的速度加热至300℃。将此时出现的吸热峰作为熔融峰1,将该熔融热量作为H1。接着,在300℃保持1分钟,再次以10℃/分钟的速度冷却至0℃。达到0℃之后原样保持1分钟,再次以10℃/分钟的速度加热至300℃。将此时出现的吸热峰作为熔融峰2,与熔融热量H1同样作为熔融热量H2。读取所得到的2个熔融热量的差分(H1-H2),作为熔融热量差ΔH1-2。各熔融热量在利用差示扫描量热计测定得到的各曲线图中,如使用了上述的图4的示意图所说明的那样,从用直线连结存在于180℃至200℃之间的转移前从基线离开点与存在于260℃至280℃之间的转移后回到基线的点的线以及存在有吸热峰的部分的线所包围的区域的面积求出熔融热量(转移热)。
(连结由拉伸试验得到的屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率的测定)
获得表示由拉伸试验测定的对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜施加的应力(MPa)与此时的形变(伸长(%))的关系的应力-形变曲线,从该曲线图测定连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率,算出上述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的TD的方向中的斜率STD相对于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的MD的方向中的上述斜率SMD的比STD/MD。具体的测定条件如下所述。以长边方向为MD的方向和TD的方向的方式,将PET膜的样品切出为100mm×15mm。拉伸试验机使用A&D公司制TENSILON万能材料试验机RTG-1210,以夹头间距离50mm、拉伸速度300mm/分钟进行拉伸,获得应力-形变曲线。此外,关于MD的方向和TD的方向的拉伸试验,分别对同样制作的30个样品进行,从以形变(拉伸)大的顺序处于上游的5个应力-形变曲线测定连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率SMD、STD,算出5个斜率SMD的平均值,从5个斜率STD的平均值算出斜率比STD/MD,求出斜率比STD/MD的真值。这是由于形变越大的样品,样品制作时的截面的状态越适当,并且可以说不形成对测定结果产生影响的折痕等。连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率SMD和STD分别能够由以下的式子表示。
连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率SMD={(MD的方向中的拉伸破坏应力)-(MD的方向中的拉伸屈服应力)}/{(MD的方向中的拉伸破坏形变)-(MD的方向中的拉伸屈服形变)}
连结屈服点和破坏点的直线的斜率STD={(TD的方向中的拉伸破坏应力)-(TD的方向中的拉伸屈服应力)}/{(TD的方向中的拉伸破坏形变)-(TD的方向中的拉伸屈服形变)}
在表2中表示利用拉伸试验得到的屈服点和破坏点中的MD的方向和TD的方向中的拉伸屈服应力(MPa)和拉伸破坏应力(MPa)、以及拉伸屈服形变(%)和拉伸破坏形变(%)的测定值、这些测定值的TD的方向和MD的方向的差的绝对值(|TD-MD|)。
(电池用包装材料A的成型性的评价)
将在基材层使用PET膜和双轴拉伸尼龙膜的叠层体的后述的电池用包装材料A裁断成90mm(MD)×150mm(TD)的长方形,制作样品。对该样品使用具有32mm(MD)×54mm(TD)的口径的成型模具(阴模表面为JIS B 0659-1:2002附录1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2中所规定的、最大高度粗糙度(Rz的读数)为3.2μm)和与其对应的成型模具(阳模表面为JIS B 0659-1:2002附录1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2中所规定的、最大高度粗糙度(Rz的读数)为1.6μm),以按压压力0.9MPa从0.5mm的成型深度以0.5mm单位改变成型深度,分别对20个样品进行冷轧成型。对于冷轧成型后的样品,将全部20个样品在铝箔上不产生针孔、裂纹的最深的成型深度记为Amm,将在铝箔上产生针孔等的最浅成型深度中产生针孔等的样品个数记为B个,将通过以下的式子算出的值作为电池用包装材料A的成型深度。
电池用包装材料A的成型深度=Amm+(0.5mm/20个)×(20个-B个)
(电池用包装材料B的成型性的评价)
将在基材层使用PET膜的后述的电池用包装材料B裁断成90mm(MD)×150mm(TD)的长方形,制作样品。对该样品使用具有32mm(MD)×54mm(TD)的口径的成型模具(阴模表面为JIS B 0659-1:2002附录1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2中所规定的、最大高度粗糙度(Rz的读数)为3.2μm。)和与其对应的成型模具(阳模表面为JIS B 0659-1:2002附录1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2中所规定的、最大高度粗糙度(Rz的读数)为1.6μm),以按压压力0.4MPa从0.5mm的成型深度以0.5mm单位改变成型深度,分别对20个样品进行冷轧成型。对于冷轧成型后的样品,将全部20个样品在铝箔上不产生针孔、裂纹的最深的成型深度记为Cmm,将在铝箔上产生针孔等的最浅成型深度中产生针孔等的样品个数记为D个,将通过以下的式子算出的值作为电池用包装材料B的成型深度。
电池用包装材料B的成型深度=Cmm+(0.5mm/20个)×(20个-D个)
(电池用包装材料A的制造)
作为阻挡层,准备用含有酚醛树脂、氟化铬(三价)化合物、磷酸的3成分的化学法表面处理液对两面进行了化学法表面处理(磷酸铬酸盐处理)的铝箔(厚度40μm)。另外,准备具有表1所述的熔融热量差ΔH1-2和上述斜率比STD/MD的各聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET、厚度12μm)。接着,将各聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜和双轴拉伸尼龙膜(Ny、厚度15μm)经由聚氨酯系粘接剂(固化后的厚度为1μm)叠层,制成基材层。将基材层的尼龙膜侧的面和阻挡层的一个面经由聚氨酯系粘接剂(固化后的厚度为1μm)叠层,得到依次叠层有基材层/粘接剂层/阻挡层的叠层体。接着,在所得到的叠层体的阻挡层侧的表面通过共挤出叠层作为粘接层的马来酸酐改性聚丙烯(厚度20μm)和作为热熔接性树脂层的聚丙烯(厚度15μm),得到依次叠层有基材层(PET/Ny)/粘接剂层/阻挡层/粘接层/热熔接性树脂层的叠层体,将其作为电池用包装材料A。
(电池用包装材料B的制造)
作为阻挡层,准备用含有酚醛树脂、氟化铬(三价)化合物、磷酸的3成分的化学法表面处理液对两面进行了化学法表面处理(磷酸铬酸盐处理)的铝箔(厚度40μm)。另外,准备具有表1所述的熔融热量差ΔH1-2和上述斜率比STD/MD的各聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET、厚度12μm),作为基材层。将基材层的一个面和阻挡层的一个面经由聚氨酯系粘接剂(固化后的厚度为1μm)叠层,得到依次叠层有基材层/粘接剂层/阻挡层的叠层体。接着,在所得到的叠层体的阻挡层侧的表面通过共挤出叠层作为粘接层的马来酸酐改性聚丙烯(厚度20μm)和作为热熔接性树脂层的聚丙烯(厚度15μm),得到依次叠层有基材层(PET)/粘接剂层/阻挡层/粘接层/热熔接性树脂层的叠层体,将其作为电池用包装材料B。
[表1]
在表1中,PET是指聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,Ny是指双轴拉伸尼龙膜。
在实施例1~6的电池用包装材料中,可知在基材层中使用熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,发挥优异的成型性。另外,将熔融热量差ΔH1-2的值为同程度的实施例进行对比时,可知斜率比STD/MD的值接近1的实施例中成型性更优异。即,比较实施例3和实施例4时,实施例3的成型性更优异,比较实施例2和实施例5时,实施例5的成型性更优异。另外,关于实施例6,熔融热量差ΔH1-2接近作为下限的6J/g,但是斜率比STD/MD的值接近1,成型性优异。
[表2]
符号说明
11 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜
12 粘接剂层
13 聚酰胺膜
1 基材层
2 粘接剂层
3 阻挡层
4 热熔接性树脂层
5 粘接层
10 电池用包装材料
Claims (5)
1.一种电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,其是用于依次具有基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层的电池用包装材料的所述基材层的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的特征在于:
通过以下的方法求得的熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上,
该方法为:根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在所述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2,从所述熔融热量H1减去所述熔融热量H2,算出所述熔融热量差ΔH1-2。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池用包装材料用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,其特征在于:厚度为5μm以上。
3.一种电池用包装材料,其由至少依次叠层有基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层的叠层体构成,所述电池用包装材料的特征在于:
所述基材层具有熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,
所述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为如下测得的熔融热量H1和熔融热量H2的差,
根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在所述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。
4.一种电池,其特征在于:
至少具有正极、负极和电解质的电池元件收纳于由权利要求3所述的电池用包装材料形成的包装体中。
5.一种电池用包装材料的制造方法,其特征在于:
包括至少将基材层、阻挡层和热熔接性树脂层依次叠层而得到叠层体的工序,
所述基材层具有熔融热量差ΔH1-2为6J/g以上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,
所述熔融热量差ΔH1-2为如下测得的熔融热量H1和熔融热量H2的差,
根据JIS K7122-2012的规定,使用差示扫描量热计,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第1次测定的熔融热量H1,在所述熔融热量H1的测定后,从温度300℃以降温速度10℃/分钟冷却至温度0℃,之后,以升温速度10℃/分钟的条件从温度0℃加热至温度300℃,测定在第2次测定的熔融热量H2。
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CN102282198A (zh) * | 2009-03-23 | 2011-12-14 | 三菱树脂株式会社 | 聚酯类热收缩管 |
JP2016181503A (ja) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-10-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 電池用包装材料 |
CN107431152A (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-12-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 电池用包装材料、其制造方法和电池 |
CN107431150A (zh) * | 2015-03-27 | 2017-12-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 电池用包装材料和电池 |
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JP4935358B2 (ja) | 2004-10-29 | 2012-05-23 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 積層体及び二次電池 |
JP5110132B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-12-26 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 電気化学セル用包装材 |
JP5644157B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-01 | 2014-12-24 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用外装材 |
JP6136810B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-03 | 2017-05-31 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムおよびその製造方法 |
JP5830585B2 (ja) | 2014-07-15 | 2015-12-09 | 藤森工業株式会社 | 電池外装用積層体 |
WO2016010125A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-21 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 電池用包装材料 |
JP6710897B2 (ja) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-06-17 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 電池用包装材料 |
JP6710896B2 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2020-06-17 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 電池用包装材料 |
WO2016147767A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-22 | 東レ株式会社 | 光学用ポリエステルフィルム及びそれを用いた偏光板 |
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WO2017131155A1 (ja) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 包装材料及び電池 |
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JP2016181503A (ja) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-10-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 電池用包装材料 |
CN107431150A (zh) * | 2015-03-27 | 2017-12-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 电池用包装材料和电池 |
CN107431152A (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-12-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 电池用包装材料、其制造方法和电池 |
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WO2019189221A1 (ja) | 2019-10-03 |
KR20200138194A (ko) | 2020-12-09 |
CN117304828A (zh) | 2023-12-29 |
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