CN111903415A - Large-size conifer nursery stock non-water-replenishing afforestation method in arid region - Google Patents

Large-size conifer nursery stock non-water-replenishing afforestation method in arid region Download PDF

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CN111903415A
CN111903415A CN202010808760.0A CN202010808760A CN111903415A CN 111903415 A CN111903415 A CN 111903415A CN 202010808760 A CN202010808760 A CN 202010808760A CN 111903415 A CN111903415 A CN 111903415A
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soil
pits
pit
water
afforestation
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余治家
王正安
佘萍
马杰
贾宝光
王绪芳
撒金东
李玉莲
李颖
蔡翠翠
粱斌
张建虎
邵千顺
方登伟
翟红霞
王世博
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Ningxia Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences Guyuan Branch
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Ningxia Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences Guyuan Branch
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large needle-leaved trees in arid regions, and belongs to the technical field of afforestation and greening of barren mountains in the arid regions. The invention discloses a non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large conifer seedlings in arid regions, which comprises the following steps: finely preparing the land, and watering with feet; deep digging and deep planting to fully utilize underground water; pruning tree branches and retaining tree water; soil balls are brought well, and root systems are well protected; the blocking net is used for preventing zokor from being damaged. The method improves the specification of the afforestation nursery stock, accelerates the closing and forestation time, and improves the afforestation quality; water drawing irrigation is not needed, so that the afforestation survival rate is not reduced, precious water resources and petroleum resources are effectively saved, and the afforestation cost is reduced; carbon emission is reduced, and green development is realized; effectively avoiding the damage of zokor and hare.

Description

Large-size conifer nursery stock non-water-replenishing afforestation method in arid region
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation and greening of barren mountains in arid regions, in particular to a non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large-size conifer seedlings in arid regions.
Background
In afforestation of barren mountains in arid regions in northwest, the problems that the size of the nursery stock for afforestation of conifer species is small, the nursery stock is not dare to use large-size nursery stock, and the nursery stock is watered by pulling water after planting are commonly existed at present. The two problems are that the seedlings are small, the damage of mice and rabbits is serious, the preservation rate of trees is low, and the trees are difficult to be closed into forests; secondly, because of pulling water to irrigate, a large amount of water and oil are consumed, the environment is polluted, the consumption of water and oil resources is increased, the afforestation cost is increased, the ecological construction quality of the arid mountainous area poor in water and lack of water is difficult to improve, and the quality and the speed of the ecological construction are seriously influenced.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large-size conifer seedlings in arid regions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large conifer seedlings in arid regions, which solves the following problems: firstly, the problems that the specification of afforestation seedlings of barren mountains is small, the forestation is difficult to close and the afforestation quality is not high are solved; secondly, the problem that the needle-making trees need to be watered by pulling water is solved, so that the oil consumption and the water consumption are reduced, and the afforestation cost is increased; thirdly, carbon emission is reduced; fourthly, the damage of the rats and the rabbits is avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large-size conifer seedlings in arid regions comprises the following specific operations:
(1) finely preparing soil, watering with feet
Land preparation before rainy season: preparing soil in fish scale pits or caves in a soil preparation mode within 3-6 months;
the scale pits are 80cm long, 60cm wide and 50cm deep; the fish scale pits are arranged in a staggered mode, the transverse center distance is 2m, and the longitudinal center distance is 2 m; backfilling the ripen soil after the fish scale pits are dug into the fish scale pits, and reserving the pits with the depth of 10 cm; using the raw soil after the fish scale pit is dug for edge ridging; 1 water blocking ditch with the length of 1m, the width of 10cm and the depth of 10-15 cm is respectively repaired at two sides of an upper slope of the fish scale pit, and the included angle between the water blocking ditch and the extension line of the length direction of the fish scale pit is 30 degrees;
the hole-shaped land preparation specification is that a straight cylindrical round pit with the diameter of 60cm and the depth of 50cm is dug, mellow soil is used for backfilling, and a pit with the depth of 10cm is reserved;
or
Land preparation during planting: firstly, forming side ridges in the fish scale pits, digging a straight cylindrical round pit with the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 35-50 cm according to the specification of the seedling, planting the tree, and then forming the fish scale pits in the first step; digging straight cylindrical round pits with the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 35 cm-50 cm in the hole-shaped soil preparation according to the specification of the seedlings, and after planting, preparing concave pits with low centers and high peripheries;
(2) deep digging and deep planting to make full use of underground water
The depth of the planting pit is 50cm, and the depth of buried soil exceeds the root diameter of the seedling by 20 cm; covering a layer of fine soil of 2cm on the tread;
(3) pruning the branches of the tree body and retaining the water of the tree body
After the tree is planted, keeping 2-3 rounds of branches on the upper layer according to the size of the nursery stock, cutting all the other branches on the lower layer, and smearing a cut with paint;
(4) with soil balls, good root system
Reserving soil balls according to the sizes of the seedlings, wherein the height of 1-1.5m is 20-25 cm with the soil balls, the height of 1.5-2.0m is 25-30 cm with the soil balls, the height of 2-2.5m is 30-35 cm with the soil balls, and the height of 2.5-3m is 35-40 cm with the soil balls;
(5) using good barrier net to prevent zokor harm
For the needle-leaved trees with few fibrous roots, placing a blocking net during planting; the size of the blocking mesh is 1.5cm, the height of the mesh is 40cm, and the length is determined according to the perimeter of the tree pit; the planting method comprises the steps of digging planting pits, keeping the upper and lower diameters of the pits consistent to form a cylindrical shape, cutting a barrier net which is 10cm longer than the circumferential length of each pit, placing the barrier net tightly close to the walls of the pits, placing wet soil with the thickness of 2 cm-3 cm into each pit, pressing down the periphery of each net to form a small inverted steamed bun-shaped pit at the bottom of each pit, placing saplings into the pits, filling fine soil into the peripheries of the pits, tamping the saplings to enable the soil to be tightly contacted with the barrier nets and soil balls, filling the soil to be compacted by filling fine wet soil, and covering a layer of fine soil on the pit.
Further, the mellow soil is soil from the ground to a depth of 20cm from the ground; the raw soil is 20-50cm deep from the ground.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides a non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large-size conifer seedlings in arid regions, and the method has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the specification of afforestation seedlings is improved, the closing and forestation time is shortened, and the afforestation quality is improved; secondly, water drawing and irrigation are not needed, so that the survival rate of afforestation is not reduced, precious water resources and petroleum resources are effectively saved, and the afforestation cost is reduced; thirdly, carbon emission is reduced, and green development is realized; and fourthly, the zokor and hare hazards are effectively avoided (the zokor can not reach the root part by using a barrier net, the root part hazards can not be caused, and the hare can not reach the top tip by using a big sapling size, the top tip hazards can not be caused).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fish scale pit soil preparation method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large-size conifer seedlings in arid regions comprises the following specific operations:
(1) finely preparing soil, watering with feet
Land preparation before rainy season: preparing soil in fish scale pits or caves in a soil preparation mode generally in 3-6 months;
the scale pits are 80cm long, 60cm wide and 50cm deep, and are arranged in a staggered manner, the transverse center distance is 2m, and the longitudinal center distance is 2 m; must guarantee 3 core technical essential when soil preparation: firstly, raw soil (namely soil 20-50cm deep from the ground) in the range of 80cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 50cm fish scale pits must be completely dug out to form side banks; secondly, after the pit is finished, the top layer and the mellow soil (namely soil 20cm away from the ground) above the fish scale pit are required to be backfilled immediately, and a 10cm deep pit is reserved; thirdly, 1 water stopping ditch with the length of 100cm, the width of 10cm and the depth of 10 cm-15 cm and small inclination of 30 degrees is respectively built at the two sides of the upper slope of the fish scale pit. The schematic view of the fish scale pit is shown in figure 1.
Cave form soil preparation specification is for digging the circular hole of the straight section of thick bamboo of diameter 60cm, dark 50cm, must ensure 3 core technical essential when soil preparation: firstly, dug mature soil and raw soil are separately placed, the upper diameter and the lower diameter are the same, and the raw soil is completely dug; secondly, the soil is used for immediate backfilling, and thirdly, the center is low and the periphery is 10cm high.
Or preparing soil during planting, namely preparing ridge of the fish scale pits, digging a straight cylindrical round pit with the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 35 cm-50 cm according to the specification of the seedling, and planting the tree and then shaping into the fish scale pit shape; the hole-shaped soil preparation method comprises the steps of digging straight cylindrical round pits with the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 35 cm-50 cm according to the specification of seedlings, and after planting, preparing concave pits with low centers and high peripheries.
(2) Digging and planting to prevent soil from water loss
When planting, the planting must be carried out by digging pits, and the planting pits are forbidden to be dug in a unified way, and the planting is carried out after the technical personnel check and accept, so that the evaporation and the loss of valuable soil moisture are prevented.
(3) Deep digging and deep planting to make full use of underground water
The depth of the planting pit must reach 50cm, and the buried depth needs to exceed the root diameter (the position of the original ground of the seedling) of the seedling by 20 cm. After treading, covering a layer of fine soil of 2 cm. Prevent the drought and water shortage of the planted shallow upper soil and prevent the wind from blowing down greatly in spring.
(4) Pruning the branches of the tree body and retaining the water of the tree body
After the tree is planted, 2-3 rounds of branches on the upper layer are reserved according to the size of the nursery stock, all the other branches on the lower layer are cut off, and a cut is painted with paint, so that moisture of the tree body and moisture of a wound are prevented from evaporating due to more branches, and the tree is prevented from being blown down due to large wind area caused by more branches of the tree body.
(5) With soil balls, good root system
Soil balls are reserved according to the size of the saplings, and generally the height of the tree with 1-1.4m is 20-25 cm, the height of the tree with 1.5-1.9m is 25-30 cm, the height of the tree with 2-2.4m is 30-35 cm, and the height of the tree with 2.5-3.0m is 35-40 cm. The soil ball must be intact and must not be loosened or counterfeited to ensure survival.
(6) Using good barrier net to prevent zokor harm
For coniferous trees with few fibrous roots, such as Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris and the like, a barrier net is required to be placed during planting. The size of the blocking mesh is 1.5cm, the height of the mesh is 40cm, and the length is determined according to the perimeter of the tree pit. The planting method comprises the steps of digging a planting pit, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the pit are as thick as each other to form a cylindrical shape, cutting a barrier net which is 10cm longer than the circumferential length of the pit and is placed in close contact with the wall of the pit, placing wet soil with the thickness of 2 cm-3 cm into the pit, pressing down the periphery of the net to form a small inverted steamed bun-shaped pit at the bottom of the pit, placing a sapling, filling fine soil into the periphery of the pit, tamping the sapling with a spade to enable the soil to be in close contact with the barrier net and a soil ball, filling the soil with the fine wet soil, treading the soil, and covering a layer of fine soil on the pit to prevent the.
The present invention is used for analysis in the experiment of the large hills and hills in the sunken rivers in the original state of Ningxia Guyuan city.
The distance between the afforestation site and the water source site is 9 kilometers, and the afforestation nursery stock is 2.5 meters of pinus sylvestris. The survival rates of water-supplementing forestation and water-non-supplementing forestation are respectively 95% and 93.33%, and both are higher than the national standard. The analysis does not consider the cost of nursery stock, rat proofing, land preparation and planting (the two methods are the same). Accounting according to the local traditional water replenishing afforestation mode, watering each seedling for 0.06m3Water charge 25 yuan/m3Namely the water cost is 1.5 yuan; the water consumption of each seedling is 0.08972 liters, and the market price of each liter of diesel is 5.16 yuan, namely the oil cost is 0.46 yuan; the vehicle cost and labor cost of each seedling due to water pulling and seedling watering are 0.8 yuan. To plant 2505 plants/hm2Calculated water consumption of 150.3m3/hm2225L of oil is consumed, and 6913.8 yuan is added for water cost, oil cost, vehicle cost and labor cost. According to the technique of the invention, the afforestation cost is increased by 0.5 yuan for each land preparation, 0.3 yuan for each seedling pruning, and the total cost is increased by 2004 yuan/hm2。
Based on the above accounting analysis, two kinds of forestationCompared with the method, the method of the invention saves the afforestation cost by 4909.8 yuan/hm2Saving water resource 150.3m3/hm2Saving diesel oil resource by 225L/hm2. Therefore, the method effectively saves water resources and petroleum resources, reduces the afforestation cost, accords with new development concepts and high-quality development, and has very important strategic significance in the northwest region with drought and little rain.
Compared with the traditional water replenishing afforestation mode, the method of the invention comprises the following steps: (1) in the land preparation mode, the depth is increased by 20cm, two sides of the fish scale pit are respectively provided with a water accumulation ditch, and the rest is the same as the traditional mode; (2) the method comprises the following steps of digging pits and planting the pits immediately to prevent soil from losing water, wherein the conventional mode is that the pits are dug uniformly at first, planting is carried out after the pits are dug, and the planting is carried out after technicians accept the pits, and the soil is aired for about one week during the period, so that the soil loses water; (3) deep digging and deep planting to fully utilize underground water; compared with the traditional planting depth of 20cm, firstly, if drought occurs, the soil with 20cm depth on the surface layer of the soil is seriously dehydrated, but the moisture content of the deep layer is good, and the root system can avoid the soil drought; secondly, the stability of the tree body is improved, and the saplings are prevented from being blown down by strong wind; (4) pruning branches of the tree body to reduce water evaporation of the tree body, and the traditional mode is that the tree body is not pruned.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (2)

1. A non-water-replenishing afforestation method for large-size conifer seedlings in arid regions is characterized by comprising the following specific operations:
(1) finely preparing soil, watering with feet
Land preparation before rainy season: preparing soil in fish scale pits or caves in a soil preparation mode within 3-6 months;
the scale pits are 80cm long, 60cm wide and 50cm deep; the fish scale pits are arranged in a staggered mode, the transverse center distance is 2m, and the longitudinal center distance is 2 m; backfilling the ripen soil after the fish scale pits are dug into the fish scale pits, and reserving the pits with the depth of 10 cm; using the raw soil after the fish scale pit is dug for edge ridging; 1 water blocking ditch with the length of 1m, the width of 10cm and the depth of 10-15 cm is respectively repaired at two sides of an upper slope of the fish scale pit, and the included angle between the water blocking ditch and the extension line of the length direction of the fish scale pit is 30 degrees;
the hole-shaped land preparation specification is that a straight cylindrical round pit with the diameter of 60cm and the depth of 50cm is dug, mellow soil is used for backfilling, and a pit with the depth of 10cm is reserved;
or
Land preparation during planting: firstly, forming side ridges in the fish scale pits, digging a straight cylindrical round pit with the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 35-50 cm according to the specification of the seedling, planting the tree, and then forming the fish scale pits in the first step; digging straight cylindrical round pits with the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 35 cm-50 cm in the hole-shaped soil preparation according to the specification of the seedlings, and after planting, preparing concave pits with low centers and high peripheries;
(2) deep digging and deep planting to make full use of underground water
The depth of the planting pit is 50cm, and the depth of buried soil exceeds the root diameter of the seedling by 20 cm; covering a layer of fine soil of 2cm on the tread;
(3) pruning the branches of the tree body and retaining the water of the tree body
After the tree is planted, keeping 2-3 rounds of branches on the upper layer according to the size of the nursery stock, cutting all the other branches on the lower layer, and smearing a cut with paint;
(4) with soil balls, good root system
Reserving soil balls according to the size of the seedlings, wherein the height of 1-1.4m is 20-25 cm with the soil balls, the height of 1.5-1.9m is 25-30 cm with the soil balls, the height of 2-2.4m is 30-35 cm with the soil balls, and the height of 2.5-3m is 35-40 cm with the soil balls;
(5) using good barrier net to prevent zokor harm
For the needle-leaved trees with few fibrous roots, placing a blocking net during planting; the size of the blocking mesh is 1.5cm, the height of the mesh is 40cm, and the length is determined according to the perimeter of the tree pit; the planting method comprises the steps of digging planting pits, keeping the upper and lower diameters of the pits consistent to form a cylindrical shape, cutting a barrier net which is 10cm longer than the circumferential length of each pit, placing the barrier net tightly close to the walls of the pits, placing wet soil with the thickness of 2 cm-3 cm into each pit, pressing down the periphery of each net to form a small inverted steamed bun-shaped pit at the bottom of each pit, placing saplings into the pits, filling fine soil into the peripheries of the pits, tamping the saplings to enable the soil to be tightly contacted with the barrier nets and soil balls, filling the soil to be compacted by filling fine wet soil, and covering a layer of fine soil on the pit.
2. The method for the non-rehydration afforestation of the large-size conifer seedlings in the arid region according to claim 1, wherein the mellow soil is soil from the ground to a depth of 20cm from the ground; the raw soil is 20-50cm deep from the ground.
CN202010808760.0A 2020-08-12 2020-08-12 Large-size conifer nursery stock non-water-replenishing afforestation method in arid region Pending CN111903415A (en)

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CN1820578A (en) * 2005-12-31 2006-08-23 兰州市南北两山环境绿化工程指挥部 Method for anti-drought afforestation by collecting water, preserving water and supplementing water
CN109496646A (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-03-22 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司 Water-saving guarantor suitable for green barren hill survives nursery stock implantation methods

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114430952A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-05-06 山西智德生态环保股份有限公司 Saline-alkali soil treatment method

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Application publication date: 20201110