CN111888325A - 一种卡拉胶凝胶、药物赋形剂和皮肤外用制剂 - Google Patents
一种卡拉胶凝胶、药物赋形剂和皮肤外用制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111888325A CN111888325A CN202010775240.4A CN202010775240A CN111888325A CN 111888325 A CN111888325 A CN 111888325A CN 202010775240 A CN202010775240 A CN 202010775240A CN 111888325 A CN111888325 A CN 111888325A
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- carrageenan
- gel
- betaine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种卡拉胶凝胶,包含如下重量百分比的组分:0.6‑10%卡拉胶、0.1‑10%甜菜碱,余量为水;还公开了一种药物赋形剂:包含所述的卡拉胶凝胶,还包含皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料,所述辅料在药物赋形剂中的重量百分比为0.3‑7%;还公开了一种皮肤外用制剂:包含所述的卡拉胶凝胶和活性成分,或者,包含所述的药物赋形剂和活性成分。卡拉胶与两性表面活性剂‑‑甜菜碱具有良好的相容性,制备凝胶的质地均匀细,无异味,性质温和,抗菌效果佳,且稳定性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胶体凝胶和医药技术领域,具体涉及一种卡拉胶凝胶、药物赋形剂和皮肤外用制剂。
背景技术
卡拉胶(Carrageenan)又名角叉菜胶、鹿角藻胶,是从红藻中提取的一种高分子亲水性多糖,其化学结构是由D半乳糖和3,6-脱水-D-半乳糖残基所组成的线形多糖化合物。根据其半乳糖残基上硫酸酯基团的不同可分为κ-型、ι-型、λ-型、β-型、μ-型等13种,其中主要的是κ-型、ι-型、λ-型。卡拉胶中的κ-型、ι-型卡拉胶,在加水并加热近沸时就融化成溶胶,放冷后能形成凝胶。凝胶性质主要取决于多糖中存在的硫酸基及其结合位置,κ-型和β-型卡拉胶在较低浓度时就可形成硬的凝胶;ι-型卡拉胶虽也能形成凝胶,但富于弹性,强度较弱;其他类型卡拉胶则基本不形成凝胶。
凝胶形成的主要因素是形成双螺旋体束。当温度升高到凝胶融点以上时,热搅动能阻碍双螺旋体的形成趋势,聚合物则以无轨线团存在于溶液中,但是随着冷却,卡拉胶之间生成三维聚合物网状结构,在其中于半乳糖的O-2和O-6之间以氢键纽成双螺旋体,生成聚合物链的结合点,初步具凝胶态。继续冷却,温度再下降,导致这些结合点聚集,分子间形成双螺旋体,双螺旋体聚集形成硬的凝胶。由于形成的双螺旋结构,卡拉胶的凝胶具有热可逆性,即加热时溶化,冷却时候又形成凝胶。
卡拉胶稳定性强,干粉长期放置不易降解。它在中性和碱性溶液中也很稳定,即使加热也不会水解,但在酸性溶液中(尤其pH=4.0),卡拉胶易发生酸水解,凝胶强度下降。值得提出的是在中性条件下,若卡拉胶在高温长时加热时,也会水解,导致凝胶强度降低。所有类型的卡拉胶都能溶解于热水中、热牛奶中。溶于热水中能形成粘性透明或轻微乳白色的易流动溶液。卡拉胶在冷水中只能吸水膨胀而不能溶解。由于卡拉胶的特殊结构,其结构中的硫酸酯具有强阴离子性,加之空间结构,有特殊的蛋白反应性。卡拉胶在水中的溶解度受卡拉胶的类型、反离子的存在、其它溶质的存在、温度、pH值等这些因素的影响;其次,大多数防腐剂与卡拉胶存在配伍问题,使得卡拉胶析出,影响凝胶的稳定性;除此之外,卡拉胶还与大多市售抑菌剂不兼容,影响凝胶的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题,一方面提供一种卡稳定性好、能长期稳定贮存的卡拉胶凝胶,其包含如下重量百分比的组分:0.6-10%卡拉胶、0.1-10%甜菜碱,余量为水。
优选地,所述卡拉胶为κ-型卡拉胶、ι-型卡拉胶和λ-型卡拉胶中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述甜菜碱为甘氨酰甜菜碱、β-丙氨酰甜菜碱或脯氨酰甜菜碱中的一种或多种。
在制备时,将卡拉胶、甜菜碱加入水中,搅拌混匀即得。
本发明另一方面提供一种药物赋形剂,包含前面任一所述的卡拉胶凝胶,还包含皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料,所述辅料在药物赋形剂中的重量百分比为0.3-7%。
优选地,所述辅料为保湿剂和增溶剂中的至少一种,所述保湿剂占药物赋形剂总重量的0.3-5%,所述增溶剂占药物赋形剂总重量的0.01-2%。
优选地,所述保湿剂为甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇、氨基酸、乳酸钠、尿素、透明质酸、糖蛋白或硫酸软骨素中的一种或多种;所述增溶剂为吐温80、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯类、氢化蓖麻油、平平加O中的一种或多种。
在制备时,将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、保湿剂、增溶剂加入水中,搅拌混匀即得。
本发明的再一方面是提供一种皮肤外用制剂,包含前面任一所述的卡拉胶凝胶和活性成分;
或者,包含前面任一所述的药物赋形剂和活性成分。
所述活性成分占皮肤外用制剂总重量的0.5~5%;
所述活性成分选自抗生素、止痛剂、解热药、抗微生物药、抗菌药、抗过敏药、抗痤疮剂、麻醉剂、抗炎症药、止血剂、维生素、血管扩张剂、抗组胺药和类固醇中的至少一种。
所述活性成分选自左氧氟沙星、硫酸新霉素、硫酸多粘菌素B、枯草杆菌肽锌、氯化苯甲烃铵、氯化十六烷吡啶、丁哌卡因、四卡因、沙夫卡因、丙胺卡因、利多卡因、双氯芬酸钠、扎那米韦、苯佐卡因、苯甲酸钠、苯扎溴铵、溶菌酶、苯甲氯铵、硼砂、硼酸、百里酚、苯甲酸、磺胺嘧啶银、氢化可的松、胰蛋白酶、苯甲唑啉、维甲酸、视黄醇、视黄醛、薄荷醇、辣椒辣素、α-羟基酸、维生素E及其衍生物。
本发明的最后一方面提供上述皮肤外用制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料加入水中,搅拌混匀即得。
本发明的外用制剂可以制备为鼻用即型凝胶喷雾剂等医药产品。
本发明的有益效果是:卡拉胶与两性表面活性剂--甜菜碱具有良好的相容性,制备凝胶的质地均匀细,无异味,性质温和,抗菌效果佳,且稳定性好。当甜菜碱与卡拉胶通过静电相互作用,甜菜碱吸附在卡拉胶侧链上,当卡拉胶结合位点饱和后,随着甜菜碱浓度的增加,表面张力进一步降低,直至达到表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度,形成胶束-凝胶体系,提高整个载药系统对疏水药物的载药量,除此之外,卡拉胶在胶束-凝胶体系中发生聚合,使得阳离子电荷密度进一步提高,与微生物细胞壁所带负电荷的脂质成分作用,大分子链吸附细菌的能力增强,提高杀菌效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但并不因此而限制本发明。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法。
实验中所用如下试剂均为市售常规产品,均可通过商购获得:
κ型卡拉胶、ι型卡拉胶、λ型卡拉胶、甘氨酰甜菜碱、左氧氟沙星、尿素、吐温80、β-丙氨酰甜菜碱、氢化可的松、甘油、脯氨酰甜菜碱、扎那米韦、透明质酸、平平加O、维生素E、硫酸软骨素、氢化蓖麻油、丙胺卡因、利多卡因、双氯芬酸钠、苯扎氯铵。
其余试剂如未表明,均为本领域常规试剂,也可商购获得。
实施例1
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:0.6%κ型卡拉胶、0.1%甘氨酰甜菜碱、0.5%左氧氟沙星(活性成分),0.3%尿素(保湿剂),1%吐温80(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(左氧氟沙星)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂尿素、增溶剂吐温80)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例2
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:4%κ型卡拉胶、0.5%β-丙氨酰甜菜碱、2.5%氢化可的松(活性成分),5%甘油(保湿剂),0.8%聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯类(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将κ型卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(氢化可的松)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂甘油、增溶剂聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯类)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例3
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:1.5%κ型卡拉胶、2%ι型卡拉胶、1%λ型卡拉胶、6%脯氨酰甜菜碱、1%百里酚(活性成分),2%透明质酸(保湿剂),0.01%平平加O(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(百里酚)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂透明质酸、增溶剂平平加O)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例4
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:2%κ型卡拉胶、2%ι型卡拉胶、1%λ型卡拉胶、0.1%脯氨酰甜菜碱、1%扎那米韦(活性成分),2%透明质酸(保湿剂),0.01%平平加O(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(扎那米韦)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂透明质酸、增溶剂平平加O)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例5
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:2%κ型卡拉胶、1.5%ι型卡拉胶、0.5%λ型卡拉胶、8%脯氨酰甜菜碱、1.5%硼砂(活性成分),2%透明质酸(保湿剂),0.01%平平加O(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(硼砂)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂透明质酸、增溶剂平平加O)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例6
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:6%κ型卡拉胶、4%ι-型卡拉胶、5%脯氨酰甜菜碱、2%维生素E(活性成分),2%硫酸软骨素(保湿剂),0.5%氢化蓖麻油(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(维生素E)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂硫酸软骨素、增溶剂氢化蓖麻油)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例7
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:3%κ型卡拉胶、0.5%λ-型卡拉胶、1%甘氨酰甜菜碱、2.5%丙胺卡因(活性成分)、2.5%利多卡因(活性成分),0.3%尿素(保湿剂),0.2%吐温80(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂尿素、增溶剂吐温80)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例8
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:5%κ型卡拉胶、2%λ-型卡拉胶、1%甘氨酰甜菜碱、1%β-丙氨酰甜菜碱、1%双氯芬酸钠(活性成分),5%透明质酸(保湿剂),2%平平加O(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(双氯芬酸钠)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂透明质酸、增溶剂平平加O)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例9
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:5%κ型卡拉胶、2%λ-型卡拉胶、1%甘氨酰甜菜碱、9%β-丙氨酰甜菜碱、1.2%苯甲酸钠(活性成分),5%透明质酸(保湿剂),2%平平加O(增溶剂),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(苯甲酸钠)、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料(保湿剂透明质酸、增溶剂平平加O)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例10
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:2%κ型卡拉胶、2%ι型卡拉胶、1%λ型卡拉胶、0.1%脯氨酰甜菜碱、1.5%利多卡因(活性成分),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例11
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:5%κ型卡拉胶、2%λ-型卡拉胶、1%甘氨酰甜菜碱、1%β-丙氨酰甜菜碱、1%双氯芬酸钠(活性成分),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(双氯芬酸钠)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例12
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:5%κ型卡拉胶、2%λ-型卡拉胶、3%β-丙氨酰甜菜碱、0.8%溶菌酶(活性成分),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(溶菌酶)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例13
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:5%κ型卡拉胶、2%λ-型卡拉胶、1.5%苯甲酸(活性成分),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、活性成分(苯甲酸)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
实施例14
一种皮肤外用的卡拉胶凝胶制剂,按重量百分比计,该凝胶由如下组分组成:5%κ型卡拉胶、2%λ-型卡拉胶、4%甘氨酰甜菜碱、0.6%硼酸(活性成分),余量为去离子水。该凝胶按如下方法制备:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分(硼酸)加入去离子水中,混匀,超声混合液去除夹带的空气,得到卡拉胶凝胶制剂。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于用苯扎氯铵代替甜菜碱,制备方法同实施例1。
实施例15检测产品性能
一、外观特性
观察实施例1-14凝胶制剂的色泽、气味、稠度、均匀度、光泽度和涂展性能,结果如表1所示。
表1.凝胶制剂外观特性
二、凝胶剂稳定性考察
离心法:取实施例1-14样品和对比例1样品各5g于离心管中,以2500r/min离心30min后,观察是否有水分析出及分层现象。
留样观察:实施例1-14样品和对比例1样品各取5g样品置于透明玻璃瓶中,置室温避光贮存6个月,对其感官性状、pH及霉变情况进行观察测定,每5d测定1次。
结果如表2所示,与实施例1相比,对比例1稳定性差,易析出卡拉胶,破坏凝胶结构,影响凝胶剂的质量及使用;实施例13由于不含甜菜碱,凝胶结构也不稳定。与实施例1-9相比,实施例10-12、14在长期储存条件下体积略微缩小,但是不影响整体质量。
表2凝胶稳定性考察
三、凝胶的抑菌性能
采用琼脂扩散纸片法和菌落计数法测定实施例1-14的凝胶制剂对待测菌种(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白色假丝酵母菌)的抑菌效果:制备含有1×105个/mL待测菌种的菌悬液,均匀涂布于凝固的营养琼脂培养基平板表面,每个平板100μL。在无菌条件下将实施例1-8的凝胶制剂分别均匀涂于直径为0.3cm、灭菌烘干过的滤纸片上,将制备好的凝胶纸片(以灭菌滤纸片作为空白对照组)贴于涂布好测试菌种的平板上,每个平板上的纸片重复数为4,37℃恒温培养24h;取纸片接触面培养物作连续稀释,取1mL稀释菌悬液于平板上,用琼脂倾注平板,混匀,待凝固后倒置于37℃恒温箱中培养24h,参照GB47892-2010计算菌落总数,抑菌率(%)=[(空白对照菌落总数-凝胶菌落总数)/空白对照菌落总数]×100%。
由表3可知实施例1-11的凝胶制剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白色假丝酵母菌均具有较强的抑菌效果,抑菌率均达到88%以上,其中实施例1对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色假丝酵母菌的抑菌率分别为92.34%、93.86%和96.07%,抑菌效果最为明显。卡拉胶与大多抗菌剂存在配伍问题,一方面影响整体结构的稳定性,另一方面影响抗菌剂发挥抑菌作用;对比例1与实施例1的区别在于不含有甜菜碱,使用苯扎氯铵作为抗菌剂,卡拉胶与苯扎氯铵也存在配伍问题,因此对比例1的凝胶结构不稳定,抗菌剂的抑菌作用也受到很大影响,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色假丝酵母菌的抑菌率分别仅为13.24%、9.68%、8.91%。实施例13由于不含甜菜碱,其抑菌率也很差。
表3.抑菌效果(抑菌率)
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种卡拉胶凝胶,其特征在于:包含如下重量百分比的组分:0.6-10%卡拉胶、0.1-10%甜菜碱,余量为水。
2.如权利要求1所述的卡拉胶凝胶,其特征在于:所述卡拉胶为κ-型卡拉胶、ι-型卡拉胶和λ-型卡拉胶中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的卡拉胶凝胶,其特征在于:所述甜菜碱为甘氨酰甜菜碱、β-丙氨酰甜菜碱或脯氨酰甜菜碱中的一种或多种。
4.一种药物赋形剂,其特征在于:包含权利要求1至3任一项所述的卡拉胶凝胶,还包含皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料,所述辅料在药物赋形剂中的重量百分比为0.3-7%。
5.如权利要求4所述的药物赋形剂,其特征在于:所述辅料为保湿剂和增溶剂中的至少一种,所述保湿剂占药物赋形剂总重量的0.3-5%,所述增溶剂占药物赋形剂总重量的0.01-2%。
6.如权利要求5所述的药物赋形剂,其特征在于:所述保湿剂为甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇、氨基酸、乳酸钠、尿素、透明质酸、糖蛋白或硫酸软骨素中的一种或多种;所述增溶剂为吐温80、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯类、氢化蓖麻油、平平加O中的一种或多种。
7.一种皮肤外用制剂,其特征在于:
包含权利要求1至3任一项所述的卡拉胶凝胶和活性成分,
或者,包含权利要求4-6任一项所述的药物赋形剂和活性成分。
8.如权利要求7所述的皮肤外用制剂,其特征在于:所述活性成分占皮肤外用制剂总重量的0.5~5%;
所述活性成分选自抗生素、止痛剂、解热药、抗微生物药、抗菌药、抗过敏药、抗痤疮剂、麻醉剂、抗炎症药、止血剂、维生素、血管扩张剂、抗组胺药和类固醇中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的皮肤外用制剂,其特征在于:所述活性成分选自左氧氟沙星、硫酸新霉素、硫酸多粘菌素B、枯草杆菌肽锌、氯化苯甲烃铵、氯化十六烷吡啶、丁哌卡因、四卡因、沙夫卡因、丙胺卡因、利多卡因、双氯芬酸钠、扎那米韦、苯佐卡因、苯甲酸钠、苯扎溴铵、溶菌酶、苯甲氯铵、硼砂、硼酸、百里酚、苯甲酸、磺胺嘧啶银、氢化可的松、胰蛋白酶、苯甲唑啉、维甲酸、视黄醇、视黄醛、薄荷醇、辣椒辣素、α-羟基酸、维生素E及其衍生物。
10.如权利要求7至9任一项所述的皮肤外用制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将卡拉胶、甜菜碱、活性成分、皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料加入水中,搅拌混匀即得。
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