CN111883447B - 线互连部高度的测量方法 - Google Patents

线互连部高度的测量方法 Download PDF

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CN111883447B
CN111883447B CN202010330899.9A CN202010330899A CN111883447B CN 111883447 B CN111883447 B CN 111883447B CN 202010330899 A CN202010330899 A CN 202010330899A CN 111883447 B CN111883447 B CN 111883447B
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CN111883447A (zh
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宋景耀
朴池观
黄江
朱亚平
吴茂发
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ASMPT Singapore Pte Ltd
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Abstract

通过首先捕获垂直线互连部的俯视图并从该俯视图识别垂直线互连部的尖端的位置,来测量键合到衬底上的垂直线互连部的高度。导电探针位于垂直线互连部的尖端上方,并朝垂直线互连部降低,直到在导电探针和垂直线互连部的尖端之间建立电连接。因此可以确定进行电连接的接触高度,其中接触高度对应于垂直线互连部的高度。

Description

线互连部高度的测量方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测量在半导体器件和其他衬底上制造的线互连部、尤其是垂直定向的线互连部的高度的方法。
背景技术
键合过孔阵列(BVA)或垂直定向的线互连部形成在半导体衬底(例如半导体晶圆、半导体管芯或引线框架)上。BVA或垂直定向的线互连部可用于各种应用,例如,电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽或将下衬底连接到上衬底。
BVA或垂直定向的线互连部可以用线键合设备形成。来自线盘的键合线被供给到键合设备的毛细管,并且键合线的自由端与毛细管一起移动。在可通过毛细管定位的键合线的自由端形成自由空气球(FAB)。毛细管将FAB键合到键合位置,该键合位置可以是半导体管芯上的键合垫,也可以是衬底或晶片上的任何所需位置,从而形成球键合。此后,毛细管垂直向上移动以从毛细管中引出一段线。从毛细管中引出一定长度的键合线后,键合线断开并连接到球键合,因此留下了从键合垫延伸的垂直定向的一段线。以这种方式,形成垂直定向的线互连部。在需要垂直线的其他所需位置重复此过程。
随后,操作员使用显微镜目视检查晶片或衬底,以检测任何缺陷或不规则性,例如,任何线互连部是否变形。但是,这种人工目视检查并不精确,人为错误使检查过程前后不一致,并且高度依赖于操作员的能力。因此,期望提供一种检查所形成的BVA或垂直定向的线互连部的改进方法。此外,在这种检查期间测量这些线互连部的高度以确保它们在可接受的范围内将是有利的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是寻求提供一种检查在衬底上形成的BVA或垂直定向的线互连部的方法。
因此,本发明提供了一种测量键合到衬底上的垂直线互连部的高度的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:捕获垂直线互连部的俯视图;从俯视图识别垂直线互连部的尖端的位置;将导电探针放置在垂直线互连部的尖端上方,并将导电探针朝垂直线互连部降低,直到在导电探针和垂直线互连部的尖端之间建立电连接;以及确定实现电连接的接触高度,该接触高度对应于垂直线互连部的高度。
参照描述部分、所附权利要求和附图,将更好地理解这些和其他特征、方面和优点。
附图说明
现在将参考附图仅以举例的方式描述本发明的实施例,在附图中。
图1示出了根据本发明优选实施例的用于检查垂直线互连部的结构的视觉检查设备。
图2是在衬底的平面上形成有垂直线互连部的衬底的平面图。
图3A和图3B示出了根据本发明优选实施例的用于检查垂直线互连部的各自高度的高度测量方法。
图4是根据本发明优选实施例的使用检查装置检查线互连部的处理流程的流程图。
在附图中,相同的部分由相同的附图标记表示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明优选实施例的用于检查垂直线互连部20的结构的视觉检查设备10。垂直线互连部20或BVA形成在诸如半导体管芯、晶片或引线框架等衬底30上。
每个垂直线互连部20包括形成在衬底30上的相应键合位置32(例如,键合垫)上的球键合22。每个垂直线互连部20还包括对应的垂直线部分24,垂直线部分24从球键合22垂直向上延伸并终止于线尖端或自由端26。理想地,垂直线部分24是笔直的并且垂直于衬底30的平面34,但是一些垂直线部分24可能倾斜并且偏离垂直方向。这些倾斜的垂直线部分24是异常的,并且应该被检测以确定它们是否在指定的制造公差内。
视觉检查设备10包括光学系统40,该光学系统40包括照相机42和处理器44。光学系统40可直接定位在衬底30的上方,并可相对于衬底30沿水平面上的X轴和Y轴移动,这样的水平面大体上平行于衬底30的平面。应当理解,光学系统40可以被配置得能够移动,衬底30可以被配置得能够移动,或者光学系统40和衬底30两者都可以被配置得能够移动。照相机42向下指向衬底30的平面34,并捕获垂直线互连部20的俯视图像50。
图2是衬底30的平面图,已经在衬底30的平面34上形成了垂直线互连部20。如图2所示,自由端26可以从球键合22偏移。如果垂直部分24是绝对垂直的,则自由端26将与垂直部分24及球键合22对准。
首先应通过视觉检查设备10确定已经键合到衬底30上的多个垂直线互连部20的位置。处理器44可以被提供有所有垂直线互连部20的XY坐标,以在检查过程开始之前由光学系统40检查。可选地,照相机42可以在衬底30的平面34上移动,以检测、识别和检查每个垂直线互连部20。在这两种情况下,光学系统40将捕获的图像50发送给处理器44,处理器44根据图像50确定球键合22的XY坐标(X0,Y0)和每个垂直线互连部20的自由端26的XY坐标(X1,Y1)。然后,处理器44计算线尖端偏移或球键合22的XY坐标和自由端26的XY坐标之间的差值(X1-X0,Y1-Y0)。因此,线尖端偏移表示球键合22在第一水平面上的位置与垂直线互连部20的自由端26在平行于第一水平面的第二水平面上的位置之间的差值。
根据该差值或线尖端偏移,处理器44能够确定垂直线部分24已经偏离垂直方向多少。理想地,该差值为零,这意味着垂直线部分24完全垂直于平面34(X0 = X1,Y0 = Y1)。尽管可能存在差值,但只要该差值小于指定的制造公差,与精确或绝对垂直方向的偏差仍将被视为制造变化而接受。但是,如果该差值高于指定的制造公差,则该偏差将是不可接受的,并且该垂直线互连部20将被识别为制造缺陷。
因此,视觉检查设备10提供了一种用于检查垂直线互连部20是否垂直于衬底30的平面34的自动、准确、可重复和客观的检查方法。实际上,偏差通常仅为几微米,并且可能尺寸要小几个数量级,并且肉眼无法察觉。
图3A和图3B示出了根据本发明的优选实施例的用于检查垂直线互连部20高度的高度测量方法。键合设备60包括线夹74和包括毛细管72的键合头。一段长度的键合线76穿过线夹74和毛细管72从线盘(未示出)供应到毛细管72。键合线76可以自由地穿过毛细管72,以便从毛细管72的基部延伸。毛细管72和线夹74可在XYZ轴上移动,并且编码器80可操作地连接至键合头,以检测键合头和毛细管72的移动。在检查所述垂直线互连部20之前,键合设备60可操作以将垂直线互连部20键合到衬底30上。
在该实施例中,键合线76形成导电探针。因此,键合设备60还包括用于检测键合线76和垂直线互连部20之间的任何电接触的接触检测装置90。接触检测装置90电连接至衬底30和键合线76两者,使得当键合线76接触垂直线互连部20时,形成闭合电路,电流可以在该闭合电路中流动。可替代地,也可以采用独立于键合设备60的另一导电探针来执行高度测量。
如图3A所示,首先在毛细管72处的键合线76的自由端处形成FAB 82。FAB 82的直径可以变化很大,但是通常在键合线76的直径的约1至5倍之间。利用具有比键合线76更大直径的FAB 82的优点在于,提供了更大的接触面积以接触垂直线互连部20。因此,当检查或测量垂直线互连部20的高度时,这有利于在FAB 82和垂直线互连部20的自由端26之间建立接触。
然后,基于由光学系统40确定的要测量的特定垂直线互连部20的自由端26的XY坐标(X1,Y1),毛细管72与夹在键合线76上的线夹74一起沿着XY轴或水平面移动到第一初始搜索位置51,该第一初始搜索位置51在垂直线互连部20上方。随后,随着编码器80连续检测毛细管72的高度(Z坐标),将毛细管72和线夹74向下移向垂直线互连部20的自由端26。当毛细管72接近垂直线互连部20的预期高度(Z坐标)时,可以减小毛细管72的下降速度,以启动它们之间的接触。
一旦FAB 82在互连接触位置53处接触垂直线互连部20的自由端26,就会在FAB 82和垂直线互连部20的自由端之间建立电连接,并形成闭合电路。此时,接触检测装置90确定已经接触。虽然FAB 82的较大直径使得FAB 82更容易建立与垂直线互连部20的自由端26的接触,但是应当理解,FAB对于实施该方法不是严格必需的。一旦检测到接触,毛细管72和线夹74就停止移动,并且编码器80记录该互连接触位置53的高度H1(Z坐标)。
接下来,毛细管72和线夹74向上移动以消除FAB 82和垂直线互连部20的自由端26之间的接触。然后,毛细管72和线夹74沿着XY轴横向移动到在另一个XY位置的第二初始搜索位置55。可以对衬底30上的所有垂直线互连部20重复该过程。
如图3B所示,第二初始搜索位置55在平面34的正上方,而在它们之间没有任何障碍。根据平面图,第二初始搜索位置55可以是与互连接触位置53相邻的任何位置,或者可以是平面34上用于确定平面34的衬底高度H0(Z坐标)的特殊保留位置。在第二初始搜索位置55,随着编码器80连续检测毛细管72的高度,毛细管72和线夹74朝着衬底30的平面34向下移动。当毛细管72接近衬底30的平面34的预期高度(Z坐标)时,可以减小毛细管72的下降速度。
当FAB 82在衬底接触位置57处接触平面34时,进行电连接并且形成闭合电路路径,因此接触检测装置90检测到该接触。一旦检测到接触,毛细管72和线夹74就停止移动,并且编码器80记录该衬底接触位置57的衬底高度H0(Z坐标)。因此确定与衬底30的高度相对应的衬底接触高度。
然后,键合设备60可以通过计算线高H1与衬底高度H0之间的差值来确定垂直线互连部20的实际垂直高度(H1-H0)。因此,键合设备60提供了一种用于检查或测量垂直线互连部20高度的自动、准确、可重复且客观的方法。
图4是根据本发明的优选实施例的用于使用包括视觉检查设备10的键合设备60检查线垂直线互连部20的处理流程的流程图100。
在线互连部检查过程开始之后(步骤102),将光学系统40移动到用于捕获垂直线互连部20的参考图案的图像的参考位置,以教导光学系统40识别各种垂直线互连部20的形状(步骤104)。参考位置可以是任何适当的位置,例如,第一垂直线互连部20的球键合22的XY坐标(X0,Y0)。参考图案也可以是任何合适的图案,例如,虚设图案或实际的垂直线互连部20。
然后在步骤106,光学系统40移动到第一垂直线互连部20的球键合22的XY坐标(X0,Y0)。光学系统40的照相机42捕获第一垂直线互连部20的俯视图像,并且光学系统40执行图案识别过程以识别和检测第一垂直线互连部20(步骤108)。如果光学系统40未能识别出第一垂直线互连部20,则发出警报(步骤120)。否则,在步骤110,光学系统确定第一垂直线互连部20的尖端或自由端26的XY坐标(X1,Y1)。接下来,在步骤112,处理器44计算线尖端偏移量或球键合22的XY坐标和第一垂直线互连部20的自由端26的XY坐标之间的差值(X1-X0,Y1-Y0)。
此后,在步骤114,键合设备60在毛细管72处形成FAB 82,并将毛细管72移至第二初始搜索位置55,随后向下移动以在衬底接触位置57处接触平面34,并且编码器80记录衬底接触位置57处衬底的高度H0。随后,将毛细管移动到第一垂直线互连部20的自由端26的XY坐标(X1,Y1)处的第一检查位置或线尖端位置(步骤116)。然后使毛细管72向下移动,直到在互连接触位置53处的FAB 82和自由端26之间建立接触,并且编码器80记录互连接触位置53处的线高H1(步骤116)。应当注意,步骤114是可选步骤,如果例如从先前的衬底高度H0测量步骤已知了衬底高度H0,则可以跳过该步骤。如果键合设备60不能测量线高H1或衬底高度H0,则将启动警报(步骤120)。而且,可以在步骤114之前执行步骤118。因此,可以在测量衬底高度H0(步骤116)之前测量线高H1(步骤118)。
在步骤122,键合设备60通过计算线高H1(Z坐标)和衬底高度H0(Z坐标)之间的差值来计算第一垂直线互连部20的实际垂直高度(H1-H0)。然后,在步骤124,确定是否有更多的垂直线互连部20要检查。如果没有更多的垂直线互连部20要检查,则在处理终止(步骤128)之前,将显示线尖端偏移和实际垂直高度(H1-H0)(步骤126)。但是,如果有更多的垂直线互连部20要检查,则处理将返回到步骤106以检查第二和后续的垂直线互连部20。例如,在已知衬底高度H0(Z坐标)的情况下,从在第一垂直线互连部20上执行的先前步骤114开始,可以省略测量第二和后续垂直线互连部20的衬底高度H0的步骤114。
使用键合设备60检查垂直线互连部20的高度的一个优点是,可以使用相同的设备来形成垂直线互连部20和检查垂直线互连部20的高度。由于执行两个单独的功能不需要额外的部件,根据本发明的优选实施例的方法使得检查过程更加经济和方便。然而,可替代地使用任何适当的导电结构,例如导电探针,以建立与垂直线互连部20和平面34的接触,以便测量垂直线互连部20的实际垂直高度(H1-H0)。
尽管已经参考某些实施例相当详细地描述了本发明,但是其它实施例也是可能的。
例如,代替FAB 82,可以使用键合线76的自由端来建立与垂直线互连部20的自由端26的接触,而无需形成FAB 82。
因此,所附权利要求书的精神和范围不应限于这里包含的实施例的描述。

Claims (11)

1.一种测量键合到衬底上的垂直线互连部的高度的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
利用光学系统捕获垂直线互连部的俯视图;
从所述俯视图识别所述垂直线互连部的尖端的位置;
将导电探针放置在所述垂直线互连部的尖端上方,并将所述导电探针朝所述垂直线互连部降低,直到在所述导电探针和所述垂直线互连部的尖端之间建立电连接;以及
通过确定实现所述电连接的接触高度来确定已键合在所述衬底上的垂直线互连部的高度,以及
其中所述垂直线互连部包括形成在所述衬底上的球键合,以及垂直线部分,所述垂直线部分从所述球键合垂直向上延伸并且终止于所述垂直线互连部的尖端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述垂直线部分是笔直的并且基本上垂直于所述衬底的平面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述光学系统直接定位在所述衬底上方,并且可相对于所述衬底在水平面上移动,所述水平面大致平行于所述衬底的平面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:计算所述球键合在第一水平面上的位置与所述垂直线互连部的尖端在平行于所述第一水平面的第二水平面上的位置之间的偏移。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:确定所述偏移是否高于指定的制造公差,并且如果是,则将所述垂直线互连部识别为制造缺陷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:在捕获包括多个垂直线互连部中的每一个的所述衬底的俯视图之前,确定已经键合到所述衬底上的所述多个垂直线互连部的位置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述导电探针包括从键合设备的毛细管延伸的键合线,并且还包括用于检测所述键合线和所述垂直线互连部之间的电接触的接触检测装置,所述键合设备用于将垂直线互连部键合到所述衬底上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:在将所述键合线降低到所述垂直线互连部之前,在所述键合线的自由端形成自由空气球,从而在所述键合线上的自由空气球与所述垂直线互连部的尖端之间进行电连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述自由空气球的直径大于所述键合线的直径,并且最大为所述键合线的直径的5倍。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
将所述导电探针放置在所述衬底的平面上方,并且两者之间没有任何障碍;
朝着所述衬底降低所述导电探针,直到在所述导电探针和所述衬底之间建立电连接为止;以及
确定实现所述电连接的衬底接触高度,所述衬底接触高度对应于所述衬底的高度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:通过计算所述垂直线互连部的高度与所述衬底的高度之间的差值来确定所述垂直线互连部的实际垂直高度。
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