CN1118737A - 透气防水膜 - Google Patents

透气防水膜 Download PDF

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CN1118737A
CN1118737A CN95108502A CN95108502A CN1118737A CN 1118737 A CN1118737 A CN 1118737A CN 95108502 A CN95108502 A CN 95108502A CN 95108502 A CN95108502 A CN 95108502A CN 1118737 A CN1118737 A CN 1118737A
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film
block
copolymer
polyamide
polyether
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劳伦特·费希尔
米歇尔·德格兰德
阿兰·鲍伊洛克斯
让-克劳德·雅姆特
伊薇斯·杰曼
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Arkema France SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种透气膜，由包括以下的混合物所构成：(a)至少一种含有聚醚嵌段的热塑高弹体；(b)至少一种包括乙烯和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物。它们可和织物或非织物相混合而使用。

Description

透气防水膜
本发明涉及透气防水膜，即能渗透水蒸汽而不透水的膜。
欧洲专利申请EP0378015描述了由聚醚酯酰胺制成的透气防水膜，该聚醚酯酰胺通过加热或藉助于粘合剂可粘接到织物、皮革或塑料上。
欧洲专利申请EP560630记载了透气防水材料。它们由两个共挤压膜(1)和(2)组成(实施例6)，用在三氯乙烯溶液中的聚氨基甲酸乙酯基的粘合剂，将非织物粘接到这样制得的膜的每一面。
膜(1)是聚醚酯酰胺、聚酰胺6和用马来酸酐接枝的聚乙烯的混合物；膜(2)由另一种聚醚酯酰胺组成。聚酰胺基的非织物是粘合连接到膜(1)的一面上；聚酯非织物是粘合连接到膜(2)的一面上。
上述现有技术的实施例7描述了由共挤压膜(1)和(2)组成的相同的两层材料，但是由聚酯/聚乙烯制成的非织物是粘合连接到膜(1)的一面上，而聚酯制成的非织物是粘合连接到膜(2)的一面上。
这种材料用于制造服装，它通过把聚酯/聚乙烯非织物安置在服装的里面，而聚酯非织物向着服装外面。上述材料使服装能透过水蒸汽而不渗透由外面喷溅到服装上的水和血，从而能保护服装的穿着者。
专利申请EP459862描述了由聚醚酯酰胺和改性的选自以下的聚烯烃的混合物组成的膜：
乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物，可任选地马来化；
乙烯和(甲基)丙烯酸的共聚物；
乙烯、乙酸乙烯基酯和可任选的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物；
乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和任选的马来酸酐的共聚物。
这些膜可粘合连接到织物和非织物上。
实施例8-1表明了粘合连接在织物上的由聚醚酯酰胺和马来化的EVA的混合物所构成的膜。
EP459862中记载的膜的厚度是100～500μm，它们不是透气防水膜。
主要由聚醚酯酰胺制成的现有技术的透气防水膜具有的缺陷是：这样的防水膜虽然很透气，但是有高的吸湿性，结果导致其膨胀并使之易碎。
由聚醚酯酰胺和聚酰胺混合物制成的膜不很柔软并难以粘合连接到非织物上。
目前已发现由聚醚酯酰胺和共聚丙烯酸酯的混合物所制备的透气防水膜具有高的透气性并且吸湿量低。本发明膜的第二个优点是在高速下它们易挤压并且无缺陷；进而，它们不粘压，其外观如丝绸样。第三个优点是在断裂前具有高的拉伸性。第四个优点是它们易于用于和非织物相结合。
因此，本发明的透气防水膜是由以下混合物所组成：
a、至少一种具有聚醚嵌段的热塑高弹体；
b、至少一种包括乙烯和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物。
热塑高弹体可包括聚醚单元和聚酯单元；例如，它们是聚醚嵌段和聚酯嵌段或单元。
这些产物是已知称为高弹体聚酯并且是热塑性。
聚醚例如是聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚1，4-丁二醇。
这些聚醚的分子量 Mn在250-6000间。
高弹体聚酯的挠性段是由上述聚醚单元和至少一种二羧酸如对苯二酸所形成的。
高弹体聚酯的刚性段包括被酯官能团连接的甘醇、丙二醇或1，4-丁二醇单元和二羧酸单元。二羧酸可以和上述的相同。
刚性段可以包括由二醇作用于二酸而得到的很多单元。
挠性段可以包括由聚醚作用于二酸而得到的很多单元。刚性段和挠性段通过酯键相连。
这样的高弹体聚酯描述于专利EP402883和EP405227中。
含有聚醚单元的热塑高弹体也可以是酯共聚醚酰亚胺。通过聚醚二胺和三羧酸化合物或含有羧基的羧酸酐如1，2，4-苯三酸酐反应而形成挠性段。所用的聚醚二胺的平均分子量为600～12000。这些聚醚二胺本身来自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚1，4-丁二醇。
在酯共聚醚酰亚胺中构成刚性段的聚酯嵌段是例如由至少一个二醇和至少一个二羧酸缩合形成的。二醇可以是甘醇、丙二醇或丁二醇。二酸可以是对苯二酸。这样的酯共聚醚酰亚胺记载于EP402883和EP405227中。
含有聚醚嵌段的热塑性高弹体也可以是聚醚氨基甲酸乙酯(Polyetherurethane)。它们通过三个基本组份的链排序形成：
(i)聚醚二醇如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚1，4-丁二醇，分子量可以是500-6000；
(ii)二异氰酸酯如MDI或TDT；
(iii)低分子量的二醇如甘醇(乙二醇)、1，4-丁二醇或1，4-亚苯基双-β-羟乙基醚作为链增长剂。
含有聚醚嵌段的高弹体(a)还可以是含有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物。
含有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物由含反应端的聚酰胺序列和含反应端的聚醚序列共聚缩合而成，其中包括例如：
1)含有二胺链端的聚酰胺序列和含有二羧基链端的聚氧化烯序列。
2)含在二羧基链端的聚酰胺序列和含有二胺链端的聚氧化烯序列，是通过称为聚醚二醇的脂肪族α，ω-二羟基化的聚氧化烯序列的氰乙基化和氢化作用而获得。
3)含有二羧基链端的聚酰胺序列和聚醚二醇，在此特别条件下获得的产物是聚醚酯酰胺。
例如，含有二羧基链端的聚酰胺序列由在二羧酸链限制剂存在下内酰胺的α，ω-氨基羧酸或二羧酸和二胺的缩合而产生。聚酰胺嵌段最好由聚酰胺-12制得。
聚酰胺序列的分子量 Mn是300-15000，优选为600-5000。聚醚序列的分子量 Mn是100-6000，优选为200-3000。
含有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物也可包括无规分布的单元。这些聚合物可以通过聚醚和聚酰胺嵌段前体的联立反应而制备。
例如，在有少量水情况下，聚醚二醇、内酰胺(或α，ω-氨基酸)和链限制剂二酸可以进行反应。获得的聚合物，主要有聚醚嵌段、长度很不同的聚酰胺嵌段以及无规反应的不同反应剂、它们是延着聚合物链上统计地分布。
这些含有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物，无论来自预先制备的聚酰胺和聚醚序列的共聚缩合还是来自一步反应，例如其ShoreD硬度值都在20～75，优选为30～70，其特性粘度为0.8～2.5(初始浓度0.8g/100ml，250℃下，在甲酚中测定)。
无论聚醚嵌段来自聚乙二醇、聚氧化丙二醇还是聚氧化1，4-丁二醇，它们或以其本身使用并和含有羧基端的聚酰胺嵌段共聚缩合，或者它们被胺化以转化成聚醚二胺并和含有羧基端的聚酰胺嵌段缩合。它们还可以和聚酰胺前体和链限制剂混合以制备具有统计分布单元的含有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物。
含有聚酰胺和聚醚嵌段的聚合物描述于专利US4331786、US4115475、US4195015、US4839441、US4864014、US4230838和US4332920。
例如，聚醚可以是聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚丙二醇(PPG)或聚1，4-丁二醇(PTMG)。后者也称为聚四氢呋喃(PTHF)。
无论聚醚嵌段在含有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物链中是以二醇的形式还是以二胺的形式存在，它们都简称为PEG嵌段或PPG嵌段或者PTMG嵌段。
如果聚醚嵌段含有不同的单元，例如来自1，2-亚乙基二醇(-OC2H4-)、丙二醇 或1，4-丁二醇(-O-(CH2)4-)单元，都不脱离本发明的范围。
含有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物优选的包括仅一种聚酰胺嵌段和仅一种聚醚嵌段。有利于使用的是含PA-12嵌段的聚合物和含PA-6嵌段的聚合物。
还可以使用含聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的两种或多种聚合物的混合物。
聚酰胺在组成上占优势对含聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的聚合物更为有利，就是说以嵌段形式并在链中任意统计分布的聚酰胺的量占含聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段聚合物的40％(重量)或更多。聚酰胺的量和聚醚的量的有利比例(聚酰胺/聚醚)是1/1-3/1，优选的为：
高弹体(a)可以是含有上述聚醚嵌段的两种或多种高弹体的混合物，就是说高弹体(a)可以是两种聚醚氨基甲酸乙酯的混合物或一种聚醚氨基甲酸乙酯和一种聚醚酯酰胺的混合物或任何其它相组合的混合物。
水蒸汽的渗透性随(a)的聚醚嵌段的量和这些嵌段的性质而变化。PEG的水蒸汽渗透性很好。
形成部分共聚物b的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的烷基可以至多达10个碳原子，并且可以是直链、支链或环链的。便于说明(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯，可以指出丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸α-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸乙酯。在这些(甲基)丙烯酸酯中优选的是丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
根据本发明特定的形式，共聚物(b)可以和下列化合物接枝或共聚：(i)不饱和羧酸，例如(甲基)丙烯酸，(ii)不饱和羧酸酐，例如马来酐，(iii)不饱和环氧化物，例如(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
(b)可以是这些共聚物中至少两种的混合物。
按照本发明的另一种形式，(b)是聚合物(b1)和聚合物(b2)的混合物。
(b2)是包括乙烯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物。(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯可以是如上所定义的。
(b1)不同于(b2)，并选自：
任意接枝的聚烯烃均聚物或共聚物，例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯以及乙烯和α-烯烃的共聚物，这些产物可以和不饱和的羧酸酐如马来酐或不饱和的环氧化物如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝；
乙烯和至少选自下述的一种产物的共聚物(i)不饱和羧酸、其盐和其酯，(ii)饱和羧酸的乙烯酯，(iii)不饱和二羧酸、其盐、其酯、其单酯和其酐，(iv)不饱和环氧化物；
这些乙烯共聚物可以和不饱和二羧酸酐或不饱和环氧化物接枝；
苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯(SBS)，苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯(SIS)或苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯(SEBS)嵌段共聚物，这些共聚物可以和不饱和羧酸酐如马来酐接枝。
(a)和(b)配合有益的是要使混合物以(a)为基质而(b)是分散在其中的形式，例如以瘤状体的形式存在。这些配合取决于(a)的性质和(b)的性质，特别取决于存在于(b)中的酸、酐或环氧官能基团。
(a)的量最好在每100份(a)和(b)中多于50份，优先的为55到80份。(这里指重量份，本文其它地方也如此)。
优选用作高弹体(a)的是含有连接到聚醚嵌段的聚酰胺嵌段的共聚物，连接是通过醚键(聚醚酯酰胺)。
它可以通过含有酸基端的聚酰胺嵌段和含有OH端的聚醚嵌段缩合而制得。
优选的是聚酰胺6和12以及聚乙二醇(PEG)。
优选的(b)是包括乙烯、至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和具有酸或羧酸酐官能基团的一种不饱和单体的共聚物。
具有酸或酐官能基团的b1的不饱和单体可以是：
不饱和二羧酸酐，例如柠康酸酐、衣康酸酐、四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、2-甲基马来酐、2，3-二甲基马来酐和马来酐；
不饱和酸或二酸，例如(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸或肉桂酸。
优选的共聚物b1是含有2-10％重量马来酐和至少50％重量乙烯的乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯-马来酐共聚物。
b1的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯可以选自b2的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的同一类。
优选的共聚物b2含有5-40％(重量)，最好是20-35％的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯，
本发明的热塑性膜优选的包括：
a)含有聚酰胺嵌段和PEG聚醚嵌段的共聚物，聚酰胺优选的是PA-12；
b)乙烯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物；
c)乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯/马来酐的共聚物。
优选的配比是：
60-80份a)，
20-30份b)，
5-40份c)。
这些膜的厚度可以是，例如10-80μm，优选的为15-35μm。
构成本发明透气不透水膜的聚合物混合物可任选地含有有机和/或无机填料。作为实施例可具体指出的填料是硅石和二氧化钛。该混合物也可以含有各种添加剂，例如抗紫外剂、脱模剂、冲击增强剂等以及染料或色素。
这些混合物作为熔化物通过普通技术混合而制成，然后按已知技术转化成膜。
本发明的膜是不透水和水溶液，能透水蒸汽但没有微孔，就是说它们是连续的膜。上述膜对水蒸汽有良好的渗透性，按照ASIM标准E 96 BW(膜和水接触)能达到25000g/m2/24h。
和主要由包括PEG嵌段的聚合物组成的膜相比，上述膜的吸湿性特别低。
本发明的膜可以用高速挤压法制备。这些膜不粘压、有挠性，具有丝绸感、无噪声。
这些膜可用于制服装、补缀、造口术袋(ostomy pouches)和手套。
本发明还涉及这些主题。
本发明的膜实质上可以不用粘合剂而连接到织物或非织物上，例如用加热或压制而进行层压。也可以用粘合剂，既可以在透气防水膜和非织物间作成一个完整的层，也可以制成如条状或以任何不连续的如点或斑状而使用。
这些粘合剂可以是热熔化物。
本发明还涉及通过用本发明的膜和织物或非织物相结合而形成的这些透气防水材料。无论在透气防水膜的一侧或纺织物或非织物的一侧添加其它层都不脱离本发明的范围。
这些其它层可以是和现有层相同或不同的织物或非织物。
和织物或非织物相结合所用的透气防水膜而制成的这些透气防水材料是具有挠性，并由于该膜吸湿性低，它比仅由含聚醚嵌段的聚合物所制成的膜更不易从织物或非织物上分层。这些材料可用于制造医疗人员的防护服装、一次性使用的卫生制品、垫褥抽层、房屋顶部衬膜、衣服和鞋袜。实施例
产品(A)：即由聚酰胺12嵌段序列( Mn＝1500)和聚醚甘醇(PEG)嵌段序列( Mn＝1500)所组成的聚醚酯酰胺，在间甲酚中20℃下测量的特性粘度是1.45-1.60。
产品(B)：即由聚酰胺12序列( Mn＝4500)和聚醚甘醇嵌段序列( Mn＝1500)所组成的聚醚酯酰胺。在间甲酚中20℃下测量的特性粘度是1.4-1.55。
产品(C)：即由聚酰胺6嵌段序列( Mn＝1500)和聚醚甘醇嵌段序列(PEG)( Mn＝1500)所组成的聚醚酯酰胺。
产品(D)：即含有24％(重量)丙烯酸甲酯的乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
产品(E)：即含有28％(重量)丙烯酸甲酯的乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
产品(F)：即含有19％(重量)共聚用单体和3％(重量)马来酐的乙烯-丙烯酸酯-马来酐三元聚合物。
下述混合物适用于25μm膜制品，在Buss PR46170 11D上制得，并在标准条件下挤压。
       产品   产品   产品   产品   产品   产品
       (A)    (B)    (C)    (D)    (E)    (F)
混合物1 60                   30            10
混合物2        60            30            10
混合物3               20             70    10
混合物4 65                                 35
按照描述于ASTM标准E96方法BW(膜和水接触)在HeraowsVotsch炉中测量水蒸汽的渗透性，在整个测量期间要保持温度38℃、环境相对湿度50％的条件。
水蒸汽渗透性结果是以g/m2/24h表示。
测量误差值的结果是以±10-20％表示。
产品的吸湿性按颗粒的重量增加法测定，它是将颗粒浸泡在20℃水中24小时，并预先调节空气温度20℃、相对湿度65％15天。
当离开挤压机在膜的边缘没有共振现象(“颈缩”)时，通过测量制备25μm膜的最大牵引速度而评价产品的可挤压性。
通过轻易分离两卷卷起的膜来定性地评价挤压后卷起的膜的压粘特性。
以手工评价膜的良好的触感。
压碎时评价膜的噪声，没有噪声为优良。
得到以下的表。产品或混合物         水蒸汽的渗透   吸湿量(％)  挤压性(米/分)
                性(g/m2/24h)
(A)                23000         50         ≤50
(B)                12000         12         ≤60
(C)                ≥20000      120(D)or(E)             ≤350        ≤2          ≥100
 1                 22000         27          ≥100
 2                 11000         8           ≥100
 3                 300          5.5
 4                 22000         27          ≥100
产品或混合物      膜的压粘(*)    手感(*)    噪声(*)
   (A)               -            0          0
   (B)               +            0          -
   (C)                                       0
(D)或(E)             +            +          +
    1                +            +          +
    2                +            +          +
    3                                        +
    4                0            0          +
   (*)     (+)优良
           (0)一般
           (-)不好
按照ASTM标准D882(条的W＝15mm，S＝10mm/mm，10＝100分钟)，在上述膜上与挤压垂直和平行方向测量拉伸模量。产品             (A)        1       (B)       2和挤压方向平行模量            79MPa      46MPa    235MPa   189MPa断裂应力        30MPa      29MPa    50MPa    61MPa断裂拉伸        ≥600％    ≥600％   ≥500％  ≥500％和挤压方向垂直模量            80MPa      42MPa    230MPa   162MPa断裂应力        22MPa      23MPa    43MPa    38MPa断裂拉伸        ≥600％    ≥600％   ≥600％  ≥600％
可以看到：
混合物1
和(A)比较，保留水蒸汽的渗透性；
和(A)比较，减少约一半吸湿量；
和(A)比较，提高挤压速度；
和(A)比较，手感更好；
和(A)比较，粘压少得多；
和(A)比较，对PP或PE非织物有更好的粘接。
断裂(拉伸、应力)时保留机械特性，但膜的模量很明显地下降。膜更柔软、噪声低且手感如丝绸。
混合物2
和(B)比较，如实施例1一样。
混合物3
和(E)比较，渗透性无改善。
混合物4
和实施例1一样，但膜的粘压和手感改善很小。

Claims (7)

1、一种透气防水膜，组成的混合物包括：
a、至少一种具有聚醚嵌段的热塑高弹体；
b、至少一种包括乙烯和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物。
2、根据权利要求1的膜，其中聚醚嵌段是来自聚乙二醇的嵌段。
3、根据权利要求1或2的膜，其中(b)和以下物质接枝或共聚合：(i)不饱和的羧酸，(ii)不饱和羧酸酐或(iii)不饱和环氧化物。
4、根据权利要求1或2的膜，其中(b)是(b1)和(b2)的混合物，其中：
(b2)是包括乙烯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物。
(b1)不同于(b2)，并选自：
任选接枝的聚烯烃均聚物或共聚物，
乙烯和至少一种选自下列产品的共聚物：(i)不饱和羧酸，其盐、其酯，(iii)不饱和二羧酸、其盐、其酯、其单酯、其酐，(iv)不饱和环氧化物；
任选接枝的SBS、SIS或SEBS嵌段共聚物。
5、根据权利要求4的膜，其中(b1)是包括乙烯、至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和一种具有一个酸或羧酸酐官能基团的不饱和单体的共聚物。
6、根据权利要求1-5之一的膜，其中(a)是具有聚酰胺嵌段和聚醚嵌段的共聚物。
7、含有根据权利要求1-6中之一膜的透气防水材料，和非织物或织物相结合使用。
CN95108502A 1994-06-20 1995-06-20 透气防水膜 Expired - Lifetime CN1050799C (zh)

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FR9407514A FR2721320B1 (fr) 1994-06-20 1994-06-20 Film imper-respirant.

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CN102367323A (zh) * 2011-10-14 2012-03-07 浙江安吉华埠实业有限公司 一种防水套
CN110698842A (zh) * 2012-06-27 2020-01-17 阿肯马法国公司 热塑性淀粉和tpe的合金用于制备薄膜的用途
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IL114131A0 (en) 1995-10-31
CN1050799C (zh) 2000-03-29
FR2721320B1 (fr) 1996-08-14
ES2142464T5 (es) 2006-07-01
US5869414A (en) 1999-02-09
JP2696788B2 (ja) 1998-01-14
DE69514723T2 (de) 2000-06-21
FI953025A0 (fi) 1995-06-19
CA2152034A1 (fr) 1995-12-21
IL114131A (en) 1999-04-11
DE19522333A1 (de) 1995-12-21
AU673646B2 (en) 1996-11-14
KR0153041B1 (ko) 1998-12-01
DK0688826T3 (da) 2000-06-26
AU2172195A (en) 1996-01-18
US5800928A (en) 1998-09-01
DE69514723T3 (de) 2006-08-17
DK0688826T4 (da) 2006-05-08
JPH083329A (ja) 1996-01-09
EP0688826B1 (fr) 2000-01-26
FI953025A (fi) 1995-12-21
FR2721320A1 (fr) 1995-12-22
FI113180B (fi) 2004-03-15
EP0688826B2 (fr) 2006-01-11
EP0688826A1 (fr) 1995-12-27
KR960000971A (ko) 1996-01-25
DE69514723D1 (de) 2000-03-02
ATE189246T1 (de) 2000-02-15
NO310296B1 (no) 2001-06-18
ES2142464T3 (es) 2000-04-16
CA2152034C (fr) 2001-02-13
NO952375D0 (no) 1995-06-15

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