CN111871001B - 一种具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明先将基材浸渍在含酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐的水溶液进行改性处理,在水保护作用下,再对基材的一面喷射聚二甲基硅氧烷,制备得到的Janus材料一面超亲水,另一面超疏水,表现了极端的不对称润湿性,在空气中或油中可实现水定向传输。该Janus型材料能够应用于单向导湿或吸湿排汗织物、油水分离和油中集水等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能性材料领域,具体涉及一种具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
Janus膜一般是指具有不对称结构或者性质的分离膜,由于其独特的液体单向运输特性,在破乳型的油水分离、单向离子通道、雾气搜集、接触式酶膜反应器、太阳能蒸馏等领域受到越来越多的关注。通常,Janus膜由两个方法实现:不对称制备和不对称修饰。不对称制备方法包括序列的电纺、序列的真空过滤、分子/片段迁移等;不对称修饰方法有单面光降解、单面光交联、蒸汽处理、单面涂覆、漂浮沉积、序列的表面改性等。然而,这些制备Janus膜的方法大多操作复杂,效率较低,不利于Janus膜的广泛应用。另外,当前制备的Janus膜一般仅能在单一领域应用,缺少多功能的Janus膜材料。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料及其制备方法,该Janus型材料一面超亲水,另一面超疏水,能够应用于单向导湿或吸湿排汗织物、油水分离和油中集水等领域。
一种具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将基材浸渍在含酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐的水溶液中;
二、将基材从步骤一的水溶液取出,用水洗净后,放入去离子水中,然后取出贴在载体上;
三、对贴在载体片上的基材喷射含聚二甲基硅氧烷的有机溶液,烘干即得到具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料。
本发明先将基材浸渍在含酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐的水溶液进行改性处理,使其具有超亲水性,在水的保护作用下,再利用聚二甲基硅氧烷对基材的一面进行修饰,制备得到的Janus材料一面超亲水,另一面超疏水,表现了极端的不对称润湿性,在空气中或油中可实现水定向传输。本发明的制备工艺操作简单,原材料容易获得,可大规模制备,具有很好的工业应用前景。
步骤二中,将基材放入去离子水中静置一定的时间,静置的时间优选为1-10分钟,促使基材表面形成水保护膜,在水的保护作用下,再对基材的一面喷射聚二甲基硅氧烷,使得制备得到的Janus材料一面超亲水,另一面超疏水。发明人试验发现,若步骤二中,将基材从水溶液取出,用水洗净干燥后,直接贴在载体上,然后对其喷射含聚二甲基硅氧烷的有机溶液,制备得到的材料的单向水传输性能较差,甚至不具有单向水传输性能。
进一步地,所述酸性有机物为植酸、单宁酸、绿原酸中的至少一种,这些酸性有机物来源于生物质,安全环保,价格低廉,改性效果好,并且制备方法简单,可大规模制备。
进一步地,所述含酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐的水溶液中酸性有机物的浓度为1~100mg/L,水溶性铁盐的浓度为1~100mg/L,酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐在此浓度范围内具有较好的改性效果。
本发明中的水溶性铁盐包括但不限于氯化铁。
进一步地,所述基材包括锦布、尼龙布、滤纸、纤维素滤膜、无尘布中的至少一种。
进一步地,步骤一中浸渍的时间为0.5~2小时,具有良好的改性效果,确保改性后的基材具有超亲水性。
进一步地,步骤三中喷射所用喷枪的压力为0.2~1MPa,喷射速度为0.05~5mL/s。
本发明对于载体的种类没有特别限制,可以选用玻璃片、塑料板等。
进一步地,所述含聚二甲基硅氧烷的有机溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为1%~5%,使得基材上修饰有聚二甲基硅氧烷的一面具有超疏水效果,其水接触角在150°以上。
进一步地,所述含聚二甲基硅氧烷的有机溶液中的有机溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、石油醚、己烷、四氯化碳、甲苯、环己烷中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了根据上述方法制备得到的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料。
本发明还提供了上述具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料在单向导湿排汗织物、单向吸湿排汗织物、油水分离或油中集水领域的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明制备的Janus材料一面超亲水,水接触角为0°,另一面超疏水,水接触角在150°以上,且两面水接触角差在150°以上,表现了极端的不对称润湿性,在空气中或油中可实现水定向传输,在单向导湿或吸湿排汗织物、油水分离和油中集水等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的制备工艺操作简单,可大规模制备,具有很好的工业应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的Janus材料的水接触角照片;
图2为实施例1制备的Janus材料的两面的水的传输行为;
图3为实施例2制备的Janus材料在油下收集水;
图4为实施例3制备的Janus材料的油水分离效果。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例中,所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
本实施例Janus无尘布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将无尘布置于含植酸和氯化铁的水溶液中浸渍1小时,水溶液中植酸的浓度为5mg/L,氯化铁的浓度为2mg/L;
二、将无尘布从水溶液取出,用清水洗净后,放入去离子水中静置1分钟,然后取出贴在玻璃片上;
三、用喷枪对准玻璃片的无尘布喷射含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为2%,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿的喷射量为2mL,喷枪的压力为0.5MPa,喷射速度为1mL/s,烘干即得到Janus型无尘布。
本实施例得到的Janus无尘布一面的水接触角0.2秒变为0°(见图1),另一面的水接触角为155°(见图1),分别将水滴在Janus无尘布的两面,发现该Janus无尘布具有水的单向传输性能(见图2)。
实施例2
本实施例Janus尼龙布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将尼龙布置于含单宁酸和氯化铁的水溶液中浸渍2小时,单宁酸的浓度为10mg/L,氯化铁的浓度为5mg/L;
二、将尼龙布从水溶液取出,用清水洗净后,放入去离子水中静置1分钟,然后取出贴在玻璃片上;
三、用喷枪对准玻璃片上的尼龙布喷射聚二甲基硅氧烷的二氯甲烷溶液,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的二氯甲烷溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为2%,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的二氯甲烷的喷射量为4mL,喷枪的压力为0.5MPa,喷射速度为0.5mL/s,然后烘干即得到Janus尼龙布。
本实施例得到的Janus尼龙布一面的水接触角0.3秒变为0°,另一面的水接触角为158°,该Janus尼龙布能够在油下收集水(见图3)。
实施例3
本实施例Janus滤纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将滤纸置于含绿原酸和氯化铁的水溶液中浸渍0.5小时,绿原酸的浓度为1mg/L,氯化铁的浓度为1mg/L;
二、将滤纸从水溶液取出,用清水洗净后,放入去离子水中静置1分钟,然后取出贴在玻璃片上;
三、用喷枪对准玻璃片上的滤纸喷射聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为3%,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿的喷射量为3mL,喷枪的压力为0.5MPa,喷射速度为0.5mL/s,然后烘干即得到Janus型滤纸。
本实施例得到的Janus滤纸一面水接触角0.1秒变为0°,另一面的水接触角为153°,该Janus滤纸具有油水分离性能(见图4)。
实施例4
本实施例Janus无尘布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将无尘布置于含植酸和氯化铁的水溶液中浸渍0.5小时,水溶液中植酸的浓度为100mg/L,氯化铁的浓度为100mg/L;
二、将无尘布从水溶液取出,用清水洗净后,放入去离子水中静置1分钟,然后取出贴在玻璃片上;
三、用喷枪对准玻璃片的无尘布喷射含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为1%,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿的喷射量为2mL,喷枪的压力为0.2MPa,喷射速度为0.05mL/s,烘干即得到Janus型无尘布。
本实施例得到的Janus无尘布一面水接触角0.05秒变为0°,另一面的水接触角为155°,该Janus无尘布具有乳液油水分离性能。
实施例5
本实施例Janus无尘布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将无尘布置于含植酸和氯化铁的水溶液中浸渍2小时,水溶液中植酸的浓度为100mg/L,氯化铁的浓度为100mg/L;
二、将无尘布从水溶液取出,用清水洗净后,放入去离子水中静置10分钟,然后取出贴在玻璃片上;
三、用喷枪对准玻璃片的无尘布喷射含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为5%,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿的喷射量为2mL,喷枪的压力为1MPa,喷射速度为5mL/s,烘干即得到Janus型无尘布。
本实施例得到的Janus无尘布一面水接触角0.07秒变为0°,另一面的水接触角为158°,该Janus无尘布具有乳液油水分离性能。
对比例1
本对比例Janus无尘布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将无尘布置于含植酸和氯化铁的水溶液中浸渍1小时,水溶液中植酸的浓度为5mg/L,氯化铁的浓度为2mg/L;
二、将无尘布从水溶液取出,用清水洗净后,然后取出干燥并贴在玻璃片上;
三、用喷枪对准玻璃片的无尘布喷射含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为2%,含聚二甲基硅氧烷的氯仿的喷射量为2mL,喷枪的压力为0.5MPa,喷射速度为1mL/s,烘干即得到Janus型无尘布。
本对比例得到的Janus无尘布一面水接触角为40°,另一面的水接触角为154°,该Janus无尘布单向水传输性能较差。
对比例2
本对比例的无尘布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、将无尘布置于植酸溶液和氯化铁溶液中各浸渍2分钟,植酸溶液的浓度为8.6g/L,氯化铁溶液的浓度为1.6g/L;
二、将无尘布取出,用清水洗净并在80℃干燥;
三、将干燥后无尘布在含2wt%的聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物和0.2wt%固化剂的三氯甲烷溶液中浸渍2分钟,取出后在80℃固化2小时。
本对比例得到的无尘布两面水接触角都大于150°,该无尘布不具有单向水传输性能。
由上述实施例和对比例的结果可知,本发明先将基材浸渍在含酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐的水溶液进行改性处理,在水保护作用下,再对基材的一面喷射聚二甲基硅氧烷,制备得到的Janus材料一面超亲水,另一面超疏水,具有良好的单向水传输性能。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
一、将基材浸渍在含酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐的水溶液中;
二、将基材从步骤一的水溶液取出,用水洗净后,放入去离子水中,静置的时间1-10min,然后取出贴在载体上;
三、对贴在载体上的基材喷射含聚二甲基硅氧烷的有机溶液,烘干即得到具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸性有机物为植酸、单宁酸、绿原酸中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含酸性有机物和水溶性铁盐的水溶液中酸性有机物的浓度为1~100mg/L,水溶性铁盐的浓度为1~100mg/L。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基材包括锦布、尼龙布、滤纸、纤维素滤膜、无尘布中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中浸渍的时间为0.5~2小时。
6.如权利要求1所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中喷射所用喷枪的压力为0.2~1MPa,喷射速度为0.05~5mL/s。
7.如权利要求1所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含聚二甲基硅氧烷的有机溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量百分比为1%~5%。
8.如权利要求1或7所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含聚二甲基硅氧烷的有机溶液中的有机溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、石油醚、己烷、四氯化碳、甲苯、环己烷中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制备得到的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料。
10.如权利要求9所述的具有单向水传输性的Janus型材料在单向导湿排汗织物、单向吸湿排汗织物、油水分离或油中集水领域的应用。
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