CN111869667A - 一种棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法 - Google Patents

一种棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法 Download PDF

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CN111869667A
CN111869667A CN202010725584.4A CN202010725584A CN111869667A CN 111869667 A CN111869667 A CN 111869667A CN 202010725584 A CN202010725584 A CN 202010725584A CN 111869667 A CN111869667 A CN 111869667A
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parts
coating
coating material
cotton
seeds
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刘峰
陈海虹
孙杰
张新宇
薛飞
李艳军
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Shihezi University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法。属于种子包衣技术领域。该包衣剂包括防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料及杀虫抑菌包衣料。包衣方法为:将棉花种子表面残绒进行处理,最终保留0.5~1.5mm长的短绒,得预处理棉花种子;将预处理棉花种子从内至外依次经防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料和杀虫抑菌包衣料包裹处理。与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:能够促进种子的萌发和调节种子萌发过程中各激素的平衡,可大大提高棉花种子的发芽率;对土壤、种子无污染,无药残;经过预处理后在棉花种子表面保留了一定长度的的短绒,对种子进行包敷包衣的作业变得简单而容易操作,降低种植成本。

Description

一种棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法
技术领域
本发明涉及种子包衣技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法。
背景技术
棉花作物对土壤的要求不高,因此,我国棉花的主要产区均为自然条件相对较恶劣的西北地区,这些地区的水土条件、土壤酸碱度和土壤肥力相对较差,因此棉花的生长需要应对相对严苛的自然环境。为了提高种子的萌发率和抗性,种植供应商通常会在棉花种子外包覆各种包衣剂。
种子包衣又称种衣剂,是经特定工艺流程加工制成的,可直接或经稀释后包覆于种子表面,形成具有一定强度和通透性的保护层膜的农药制剂。
目前,棉花包衣剂的应用过程中存在如下缺陷:(1)棉花种子在包衣作业时,种药很难粘附于种子表面,造成包衣作业的工艺难度加大,即使在配制种衣剂时加入起粘附作用的物质,其包衣作业仍然难度很大;(2)包衣剂中的主要物质是杀虫剂和除菌剂,这些成分可以降低害虫和病菌对幼苗的伤害,但是不能对种子的萌发起到促进作用。
综上,如何提供一种包衣效果好、能促进种子萌发的包衣剂是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种棉花种子包衣剂,所述包衣剂包括防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料及杀虫抑菌包衣料;
所述防渗包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:聚丙烯酸树脂18~35份、水40~45份、煅烧高岭土5~8份、棕榈蜡1~3份和氢化松香5~8份;
所述生长调节包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:氨基寡糖素3~10份、吲哚乙酸8~17份、赤霉素15~20份、滑石粉30~45份和水20~40份;
所述杀虫抑菌包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:姜黄素1~3份、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂1~5份、水15~25份、羟甲基纤维素10~20份和吡虫啉1~3份。
本发明包衣剂包括多层包衣,其中,防渗包衣的作用是对种子进行保护,避免种子保存期间水汽渗入导致种子提前萌芽,并且可以避免外层包衣的物质浸入到种子内部,对种子的正常萌发造成影响。防渗包衣在种子正常种植萌发过程中可以允许溶液渗透,从而促进种子萌发,并且可以轻易被叶芽顶破。生长调节包衣中主要含有多种植物生长素和肥效物质,在种植过程中,各种物质会随着水溶液浸入到种子内部,促进种子萌芽,并提高种苗的生长抗性,多种肥效物质可以为种苗生长提供所需的营养成分。杀虫抑菌包衣主要为多种杀虫和抗菌物质,该成分可以降低害虫和病菌对种苗的影响。
优选的,一种棉花种子包衣剂,所述包衣剂包括防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料及杀虫抑菌包衣料;
所述防渗包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:聚丙烯酸树脂27份、水36份、煅烧高岭土2份、棕榈蜡1份和氢化松香6份;
所述生长调节包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:氨基寡糖素5份、吲哚乙酸12份、赤霉素20份、滑石粉42份和水35份;
所述杀虫抑菌包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:姜黄素3份、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂4份、水12份、羟甲基纤维素14份和吡虫啉3份。
优选的,所述防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料和杀虫抑菌包衣料的质量比为1~3:5~8:3~5。
优选的,所述防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料和杀虫抑菌包衣料的质量比为1:5:3。
一种棉花种子包衣剂的包衣方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将棉花种子表面残绒进行处理,最终保留0.5~1.5mm长的短绒;得预处理棉花种子;
在棉花种子表面保留了一定长度的的短绒,对种子进行包衣的作业变得十分简单而容易操作,从总体上能大大降低棉花种子加工的成本,并可保证种子芽胚不会受到损伤,保证了种子萌芽率。
(2)将预处理棉花种子进行干燥处理后从内至外依次经防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料和杀虫抑菌包衣料包裹处理。
优选的,所述步骤(1)的具体操作为:
(11)将棉花种子表面的短绒进行梳理,使表面的短绒呈蓬松状;
(12)用火焰燃烧的方式将棉花种子表面的残绒烧去,冷却至室温;
(13)之后利用风选除去杂质,得预处理棉花种子。
优选的,步骤(2)中将所述预处理棉花种子进行干燥至其含水率为10~12%。
优选的,所述步骤(2)的具体操作为:
(21)将预处理棉花种子进行干燥处理至其含水率为10~12%;
(22)将棕榈蜡和氢化松香加入到反应釜中,加热到60~70℃至物料熔化,之后将聚丙烯酸树脂、煅烧高岭土和水混合均匀,加入到反应釜中,40~45℃下混合搅拌均匀,通过喷膜机喷施在干燥后预处理棉花种子表面,在室温下晾至干燥;
(23)将氨基寡糖素、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、滑石粉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(22)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥;
(24)将姜黄素、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂、羟甲基纤维素、吡虫啉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(23)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥,得到包衣棉花种子。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明取得的有益效果为:本发明所述的棉花种子包衣剂能够促进种子的萌发和调节种子萌发过程中各激素的平衡,使用本发明所述的棉花种子包衣剂对棉花种子进行处理后,可以大大提高棉花种子的发芽率;对土壤、种子无污染,无药残;并且经过预处理后在棉花种子表面保留了一定长度的的短绒,对种子进行包敷包衣的作业变得十分简单而容易操作,降低种植成本。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所需药剂为常规实验药剂,采购自市售渠道;未提及的实验方法为常规实验方法,在此不再一一赘述。
实施例1
(一)原料组分:
防渗包衣料:聚丙烯酸树脂18份、水40份、煅烧高岭土5份、棕榈蜡1份和氢化松香5份;
生长调节包衣料:氨基寡糖素3份、吲哚乙酸8份、赤霉素15份、滑石粉30份和水20份;
杀虫抑菌包衣料:姜黄素1份、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂1份、水15份、羟甲基纤维素10份和吡虫啉1份。
(二)制备方法:
(1)棉花种子预处理:
(11)将棉花种子表面的短绒进行梳理,使表面的短绒呈蓬松状;
(12)用火焰燃烧的方式将棉花种子表面的残绒烧去,最终保留0.5mm长的短绒,冷却至室温;
(13)之后利用风选除去杂质,得预处理棉花种子。
(2)包衣处理:
(21)将预处理棉花种子进行干燥至其含水率为10%;
(22)将棕榈蜡和氢化松香加入到反应釜中,加热到60℃至物料熔化,之后将聚丙烯酸树脂、煅烧高岭土和水混合均匀,加入到反应釜中,40℃下混合搅拌均匀,通过喷膜机喷施在干燥后预处理棉花种子表面,在室温下晾至干燥;
(23)将氨基寡糖素、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、滑石粉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(22)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥;
(24)将姜黄素、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂、羟甲基纤维素、吡虫啉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(23)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥,得到包衣棉花种子。
实施例2
(一)原料组分:
防渗包衣料:聚丙烯酸树脂35份、水45份、煅烧高岭土8份、棕榈蜡3份和氢化松香8份;
生长调节包衣料:氨基寡糖素10份、吲哚乙酸17份、赤霉素20份、滑石粉45份和水40份;
杀虫抑菌包衣料:姜黄素3份、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂5份、水25份、羟甲基纤维素20份和吡虫啉3份。
(二)制备方法:
(1)棉花种子预处理:
(11)将棉花种子表面的短绒进行梳理,使表面的短绒呈蓬松状;
(12)用火焰燃烧的方式将棉花种子表面的残绒烧去,最终保留1.5mm长的短绒,冷却至室温;
(13)之后利用风选除去杂质,得预处理棉花种子。
(2)包衣处理:
(21)将预处理棉花种子进行干燥至其含水率为12%;
(22)将棕榈蜡和氢化松香加入到反应釜中,加热到70℃至物料熔化,之后将聚丙烯酸树脂、煅烧高岭土和水混合均匀,加入到反应釜中,45℃下混合搅拌均匀,通过喷膜机喷施在干燥后预处理棉花种子表面,在室温下晾至干燥;
(23)将氨基寡糖素、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、滑石粉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(22)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥;
(24)将姜黄素、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂、羟甲基纤维素、吡虫啉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(23)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥,得到包衣棉花种子。
实施例3
(一)原料组分:
防渗包衣料:聚丙烯酸树脂27份、水36份、煅烧高岭土2份、棕榈蜡1份和氢化松香6份;
生长调节包衣料:氨基寡糖素5份、吲哚乙酸12份、赤霉素20份、滑石粉42份和水35份;
杀虫抑菌包衣料:姜黄素3份、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂4份、水12份、羟甲基纤维素14份和吡虫啉3份。
(二)制备方法:
(1)棉花种子预处理:
(11)将棉花种子表面的短绒进行梳理,使表面的短绒呈蓬松状;
(12)用火焰燃烧的方式将棉花种子表面的残绒烧去,最终保留1.0mm长的短绒,冷却至室温;
(13)之后利用风选除去杂质,得预处理棉花种子。
(2)包衣处理:
(21)将预处理棉花种子进行干燥至其含水率为11%;
(22)将棕榈蜡和氢化松香加入到反应釜中,加热到65℃至物料熔化,之后将聚丙烯酸树脂、煅烧高岭土和水混合均匀,加入到反应釜中,42℃下混合搅拌均匀,通过喷膜机喷施在干燥后预处理棉花种子表面,在室温下晾至干燥;
(23)将氨基寡糖素、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、滑石粉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(22)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥;
(24)将姜黄素、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂、羟甲基纤维素、吡虫啉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(23)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥,得到包衣棉花种子。
对比例1
不经过步骤(1)的棉花种子预处理,其余操作同实施例3。
实验1对发芽率和发霉率的影响
(1)实验对象:实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和对比例1包衣方法制备的包衣棉花种子;
(2)实验方法
发霉率检测:
取棉花种子各200粒,放置3个月后,测定发霉率,种子表面出现黄色或者白色霉菌,即判定为发霉。
发芽率检测:
取棉花种子各100粒,进行土中发芽实验,保持土壤的湿润,按照《农作物种子检验规程》测定发芽率。
(3)实验结果:
实验结果如表1所示。
表1发霉率和发芽率统计结果
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1
发霉率(%) 0 0 0 7.5
发芽率(%) 94 95 97 78
由表1可以得知,本发明包衣剂和包衣方法可以显著提高棉花种子发芽率,降低发霉率,具有良好的应用前景。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种棉花种子包衣剂,其特征在于,所述包衣剂包括防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料及杀虫抑菌包衣料;
所述防渗包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:聚丙烯酸树脂18~35份、水40~45份、煅烧高岭土5~8份、棕榈蜡1~3份和氢化松香5~8份;
所述生长调节包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:氨基寡糖素3~10份、吲哚乙酸8~17份、赤霉素15~20份、滑石粉30~45份和水20~40份;
所述杀虫抑菌包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:姜黄素1~3份、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂1~5份、水15~25份、羟甲基纤维素10~20份和吡虫啉1~3份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种棉花种子包衣剂,其特征在于,所述包衣剂包括防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料及杀虫抑菌包衣料;
所述防渗包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:聚丙烯酸树脂27份、水36份、煅烧高岭土2份、棕榈蜡1份和氢化松香6份;
所述生长调节包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:氨基寡糖素5份、吲哚乙酸12份、赤霉素20份、滑石粉42份和水35份;
所述杀虫抑菌包衣料包括如下质量份数的组分:姜黄素3份、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂4份、水12份、羟甲基纤维素14份和吡虫啉3份。
3.如权利要求1~2任一所述的一种棉花种子包衣剂,其特征在于,所述防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料和杀虫抑菌包衣料的质量比为1~3:5~8:3~5。
4.如权利要求1~2任一所述的一种棉花种子包衣剂,其特征在于,所述防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料和杀虫抑菌包衣料的质量比为1:5:3。
5.如权利要求1~2任一所述的一种棉花种子包衣剂的包衣方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将棉花种子表面残绒进行处理,最终保留0.5~1.5mm长的短绒;得预处理棉花种子;
(2)将预处理棉花种子经干燥处理后从内至外依次经防渗包衣料、生长调节包衣料和杀虫抑菌包衣料包裹处理。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种棉花种子包衣剂的包衣方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)的具体操作为:
(11)将棉花种子表面的短绒进行梳理,使表面的短绒呈蓬松状;
(12)用火焰燃烧的方式将棉花种子表面的残绒烧去,冷却至室温;
(13)之后利用风选除去杂质,得预处理棉花种子。
7.如权利要求5所述的一种棉花种子包衣剂的包衣方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中将预处理棉花种子进行干燥至其含水率为10~12%。
8.如权利要求5所述的一种棉花种子包衣剂的包衣方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)的具体操作为:
(21)将预处理棉花种子进行干燥处理至其含水率为10~12%;
(22)将棕榈蜡和氢化松香加入到反应釜中,加热到60~70℃至物料熔化,之后将聚丙烯酸树脂、煅烧高岭土和水混合均匀,加入到反应釜中,40~45℃下混合搅拌均匀,通过喷膜机喷施在干燥后预处理棉花种子表面,在室温下晾至干燥;
(23)将氨基寡糖素、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、滑石粉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(22)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥;
(24)将姜黄素、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂、羟甲基纤维素、吡虫啉和水混合均匀后,均匀喷施在步骤(23)处理后的种子表面,之后经常温晾晒干燥,得到包衣棉花种子。
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CN102652468A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2012-09-05 王强 棉花种子脱绒加工方法
CN105900560A (zh) * 2016-04-21 2016-08-31 长江大学 棉花种苗的育苗方法
CN105940815A (zh) * 2016-04-27 2016-09-21 巢湖市鑫宇良种农民专业合作社 高效无毒棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法
CN108575190A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2018-09-28 合肥云都棉花有限公司 一种提高棉花抗性的包衣种子及其包衣方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102652468A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2012-09-05 王强 棉花种子脱绒加工方法
CN105900560A (zh) * 2016-04-21 2016-08-31 长江大学 棉花种苗的育苗方法
CN105940815A (zh) * 2016-04-27 2016-09-21 巢湖市鑫宇良种农民专业合作社 高效无毒棉花种子包衣剂及包衣方法
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