CN111848146A - 一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体及其陶瓷制品的制造方法 - Google Patents
一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体及其陶瓷制品的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体，按重量份数原料组成为：风化花岗斑岩瓷石60～85份、高岭土10～30份、长石0～15份、膨润土0～5份。此外，还公开了一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法。本发明通过配方设计，能够最大化利用花岗斑岩瓷石矿产，取代景德镇传统的三宝瓷石，在降低生产成本、有效保证产品质量和性能的同时，实现节约优质陶瓷原料资源和环境保护，从而有效解决景德镇地区陶瓷原料紧缺的问题；同时开发出具有传统景德镇特色又具有更高品质的新一代景德镇陶瓷，从而推动和促进千年瓷都制瓷技术的进步和发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种高温日用瓷坯体及其陶瓷制品的制造方法。
背景技术
日用陶瓷是人们生活中必不可少的用品，如餐具、茶具等，具有机械强度高、热稳定性好、耐化学腐蚀等特点。按照烧成温度来划分，日用陶瓷可以分为高温瓷、中温瓷及低温瓷。其中，高温瓷是经过1300℃以上烧制而成的，其瓷质细密、吸水率低、瓷面强度高，不易产生划痕，且声音十分清脆，深受人们的喜爱。但现有技术高温瓷的生产大多依赖优质陶瓷原料，而陶瓷原料作为不可再生资源，随着生产和市场规模的不断扩大，优质的陶瓷原料资源日渐紧张，且原料价格快速上涨，因而极大地制约了陶瓷材料包括高温瓷的生产和发展。
瓷石是我国陶瓷工业中一种较为常见的原料，其主要矿物为石英、云母，其次为长石，含少量高岭石。就岩石类型而言，由包含石英斑岩、花岗斑岩、霏细岩等花岗岩类岩石经热液蚀变和风化而成。当瓷石风化程度较深时，长石会转变成高岭土族矿物，具有较高的耐火度，可作为瓷坯的基本原料，也称为高温瓷石。
众所周知，2009年3月景德镇被国务院列入第二批32个资源枯竭城市，陶瓷原料资源面临枯竭，千年瓷都的连续性生产和发展处于危局。最近，江西省景德镇市鹅湖地区(高岭村附近)发现大型花岗斑岩瓷石矿产，其原岩为花岗斑岩，特征是斑状结构，斑晶为石英和长石，基质由石英、长石细晶或微晶组成。该斑岩瓷石不同于景德镇传统的三宝瓷石(以石英、长石、绢云母、高岭土矿物为主)，两者在矿物组成及化学组成上均有差异。此外，该矿床属于原地风化残积型，依据矿床的地质剖面划分，该矿床可分为风化花岗斑岩带、半风化花岗斑岩带、基岩带。如何对风化花岗斑岩瓷石原矿进行综合性创新利用，开发出既具有传统景德镇陶瓷特色又具有更高品质的新一代景德镇陶瓷，从而更好地推动和促进千年瓷都的发展，具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体，开发出既具有传统景德镇陶瓷特色又具有更高品质的新一代景德镇陶瓷，从而有利于推动和促进千年瓷都制瓷技术的进步和发展。本发明的另一目的在于提供一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体，按重量份数原料组成为：风化花岗斑岩瓷石60～85份、高岭土10～30份、长石0～15份、膨润土0～5份。
上述方案中，本发明所述风化花岗斑岩瓷石的矿物组成为石英28～40wt％、高岭石20～40wt％、白云母20～50wt％、微斜长石2～17wt％；化学组成为SiO2 63.10～76.31wt％、TiO2 0.02～0.15wt％、Al2O3 13.60～23.35wt％、Fe2O3 0.05～2.15wt％、MgO0.05～0.52wt％、CaO 0～0.20wt％、Na2O 0.05～0.53wt％、K2O 2.64～5.17wt％、I.L 3.51～7.54wt％。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将上述风化花岗斑岩瓷石粉碎，除铁过筛后，按照所述原料组成配比混合并进行湿法球磨，然后除铁、过150～250目筛，得到浆料；
(2)所述浆料经成型后得到的生坯，经干燥、施釉后在1300～1350℃还原气氛下烧成，烧成周期为12～18h，即制得高温日用瓷制品。
进一步地，本发明制造方法所述步骤(1)中浆料的比重为1.42～1.75g/cm3。
进一步地，本发明制造方法所述步骤(2)中成型采用可塑成型，所述浆料经压滤脱水、真空练泥、陈腐后，含水率为17～25％；成型采用注浆成型，所述浆料经陈腐后，含水率为28～35％。
上述方案中，本发明所述高温日用瓷的烧成收缩率为11～14％、吸水率＜0.5％、坯体白度＞75。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明利用景德镇地区新发现的花岗斑岩瓷石原矿为原料制备高温日用瓷坯体，通过配方设计，开发出具有传统景德镇特色(白里泛青)、且性能优异的陶瓷，保证了产品质量和性能，能够取代景德镇传统的三宝瓷石，有利于推动和促进千年瓷都制瓷技术的进步和发展。
(2)本发明风化花岗斑岩瓷石含有大量的石英、高岭石、以及云母，即同时兼有陶瓷的基本原料(瘠性原料、可塑性原料和助熔性原料)，因此能够减少其他优质原料(长石等)的使用量，有利于节约优质陶瓷原料资源。
(3)本发明的应用生产简单易控、成本低，仍沿用现有的工艺成熟的陶瓷生产设备即可，有助于推广应用，具有很高的实用价值和应用前景。
附图说明
下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述：
图1是本发明实施例一风化花岗斑岩瓷石的XRD图；
图2是本发明实施例制备得到的高温日用瓷坯体的XRD图；
图3是本发明实施例制备得到的高温日用瓷坯体横截面的SEM图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体，按重量份数原料组成为：风化花岗斑岩瓷石60～85份、高岭土10～30份、长石0～15份、膨润土0～5份。各实施例的原料组成如表1所示。
其中，风化花岗斑岩瓷石来自江西省景德镇市鹅湖地区的新发现矿区，各实施例风化花岗斑岩瓷石的矿物组成和化学组成分别如下：
实施例一：矿物组成为石英38.8wt％、高岭石27.5wt％、白云母24.5wt％、微斜长石9.2wt％，其XRD物相组成如图1所示；化学组成为SiO2 69.14wt％、TiO2 0.11wt％、Al2O319.28wt％、Fe2O3 1.77wt％、MgO 0.27wt％、CaO 0.01wt％、Na2O 0.15wt％、K2O4.33wt％、I.L 4.94wt％。
实施例二：矿物组成为石英31.5wt％、高岭石32.4wt％、白云母31.5wt％、微斜长石4.6wt％；化学组成为SiO2 67.17wt％、TiO2 0.07wt％、Al2O3 21.35wt％、Fe2O31.54wt％、MgO 0.17wt％、CaO 0.02wt％、Na2O 0.14wt％、K2O 3.55wt％、I.L 5.99wt％。
实施例三：矿物组成为石英33.6wt％、高岭石26.7wt％、白云母33.6wt％、微斜长石6.1wt％；化学组成为SiO2 69.92wt％、TiO2 0.07wt％、Al2O3 19.66wt％、Fe2O31.25wt％、MgO 0.08wt％、CaO 0.01wt％、Na2O 0.09wt％、K2O 3.72wt％、I.L 5.2wt％。
表1本发明各实施例高温日用瓷坯体的原料组成
本发明各实施例以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法，其步骤如下：
(1)将上述风化花岗斑岩瓷石粉碎，除铁过筛以去除含磁性铁的矿物后，按照表1所示原料组成配比混合并进行湿法球磨，然后除铁、过150～250目筛，得到比重为1.42～1.75g/cm3浆料；
(2)采用可塑成型，上述浆料经压滤脱水、真空练泥、陈腐后，含水率为17～25％；采用注浆成型，上述浆料经陈腐后，含水率为28～35％；成型后得到的生坯经干燥、施釉(釉料为景德镇常见的高温釉料，包括长石质釉、石灰釉、石灰碱釉等)后在1300～1350℃还原气氛下烧成，烧成周期为12～18h，即制得高温日用瓷制品。
各实施例工艺参数如表2所示。
表2本发明各实施例高温日用瓷制品制造方法工艺参数
本发明各实施例制备得到的高温日用瓷制品，其烧成收缩率为11～14％、吸水率＜0.5％、坯体白度＞75，坯釉结合性能好。烧成后的坯体主晶相为莫来石、石英，且致密、外观无缺陷(如图2、图3所示)，其性能指标如表3所示。
表3本发明各实施例所制得高温日用瓷制品的性能指标
Claims (8)
1.一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体，其特征在于按重量份数原料组成为：风化花岗斑岩瓷石60～85份、高岭土10～30份、长石0～15份、膨润土0～5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体，其特征在于：所述风化花岗斑岩瓷石的矿物组成为石英28～40wt％、高岭石20～40wt％、白云母20～50wt％、微斜长石2～17wt％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷坯体，其特征在于：所述述风化花岗斑岩瓷石的化学组成为SiO263.10～76.31wt％、TiO20.02～0.15wt％、Al2O3 13.60～23.35wt％、Fe2O3 0.05～2.15wt％、MgO 0.05～0.52wt％、CaO 0～0.20wt％、Na2O 0.05～0.53wt％、K2O 2.64～5.17wt％、I.L 3.51～7.54wt％。
4.一种以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将权利要求1-3之一所述风化花岗斑岩瓷石粉碎，除铁过筛后，按照所述原料组成配比混合并进行湿法球磨，然后除铁、过150～250目筛，得到浆料；
(2)所述浆料经成型后得到的生坯，经干燥、施釉后在1300～1350℃还原气氛下烧成，烧成周期为12～18h，即制得高温日用瓷制品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中浆料的比重为1.42～1.75g/cm3。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中成型采用可塑成型，所述浆料经压滤脱水、真空练泥、陈腐后，含水率为17～25％。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中成型采用注浆成型，所述浆料经陈腐后，含水率为28～35％。
8.根据权利要求4所述的以风化花岗斑岩瓷石为原料的高温日用瓷制品的制造方法，其特征在于：所述高温日用瓷制品的烧成收缩率为11～14％、吸水率＜0.5％、坯体白度＞75。
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