CN110436887A - 一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷及其方法 - Google Patents
一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷及其方法。原料包括多孔陶瓷基料、水和造孔剂,重量份的组分25~45:50~65:5~15,其中选用的造孔剂为锯末、木炭屑和碳酸钠中一种或多种。制备方法包括称量、混料、粉碎、成型制备陶瓷材料坯体,干燥后进行热处理。本发明提供的多孔陶瓷材料具有气孔率较高,热处理温度低,成本低,无废气废渣产生,多孔陶瓷材料密度较小,且比表面积达的优点。本发明使废弃的水晶钻废料得到了充分利用,有效促进水晶钻废料资源化利用和陶瓷制瓷技术的应用和发展,大幅降低了水晶钻行业规划化生产的成本,实现绿色环保零排放生产,促进水晶钻行业健康快速发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种陶瓷技术领域,特别是涉及一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷及其方法。
背景技术
天然水晶是国家稀缺矿产且水晶石为不可再生资源,国家已将水晶矿产长期作为特种非金属矿产资源加以开发利用和保护。目前我国水晶钻行业加工过程中,产生了大量的水晶钻废料、废渣、沉淀泥巴等废弃物,一直以来主要采取堆积、填埋或随处乱倒,这些处理方式占地面积较大,浪费大量土地资源;并且这些处理方式将对水土资源造成严重污染,破坏生态平衡,阻碍了经济的可持续发展。因此,对水晶钻废料的资源再生利用,是实现矿产资源可持续发展的重要途径,不仅是我国水晶产业发展的战略需求,也是我国建立资源、能源节约型社会的迫切需求。
陶瓷一直以造型端庄浑朴、色泽纯洁斑斓闻名于世,有较大的市场需求。然而,原料成本高、陶瓷强度和呈色强度不足等方面的因素阻碍了陶瓷的推广应用。以水晶钻废料为原料制造的陶瓷可克服成瓷强度和呈色强度的不足,而且将废弃的水晶钻废料作为制造陶瓷的原料,降低了原料成本,减轻了环境危害,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。为此,一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷及其方法亟待研发。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷及其方法,提高水晶钻废料的利用率。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备多孔陶瓷的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:按重量比例组分,称取多孔陶瓷基料:水:造孔剂=25~45:50~65:5~15,进行化浆搅拌混合4~12h得到多孔混合物,过筛除铁后形成多孔陶瓷坯料料浆;
S2:经多次真空练泥后,进行料浆陈腐工艺,后再进行加工成成型陶瓷胎体;
S3:将成型的陶瓷胎体进行干燥,经微波或热风干燥后,在650~850℃温度下进行素烧,保温1~1.5h;
S4:待冷却后,再施陶瓷釉浆1~3mm,在氧化或还原气氛下热处理温度1100~1260℃下烧成,热处理升温速度为3~5℃/min,保温0.5~1h,制得一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷。
所述步骤S1中的多孔陶瓷基料由如下重量组份组成:水晶钻废料25~55份,高岭土25~50份,石英15~35份,伊利石0~10份,膨润土0~10份,叶腊石0~15份,球土0~10份。
所述步骤S1中的陶瓷坯料混合物球磨到细度为D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm,并使用孔径≤1μm的筛网进行过筛除杂,得到多孔陶瓷坯料料浆。
所述步骤S2中的料浆陈腐工艺的料浆细度220目;筛余0.2~0.5%;料浆含水率20~25%;料浆比重1.45~1.65%;料浆流速5~15秒。
所述步骤S4中的述陶瓷釉浆着色用原料为Fe2O3、FeO、CuO中的一种或多种。
一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷,原料包括多孔陶瓷基料、水和造孔剂,所述多孔陶瓷基料的粒度为220目筛以下。
按重量比例组分,所述多孔陶瓷基料:水:造孔剂为25~45:50~65:5~15。
所述多孔陶瓷基料由如下重量份的组分:水晶钻废料25~55份,高岭土25~50份,石英15~35份,伊利石0~10份,膨润土0~10份,叶腊石0~15份,球土0~10份。
所述水晶钻废料化学组成含有SiO245~55%,Na2SiO335~50%,CaO6~11%,CaF22~4%,Na2O4.5~6.5%,ZnO0.1~0.3%,MnO0~0.3%,K2O1.5~4%,Na2O1~5%,MgO0.1~1.0%,Fe2O30.2~1.0%,TiO20.1~0.5%,I.L(灼失量)1.0~3.0%,微量元素0.01~1%。
所述造孔剂为锯末、木炭屑和碳酸钠中一种或多种。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果:
1、本发明采用水晶钻废料代替或替换部分现有技术中一般采用的普通石英粉或长石,配合优化的陶瓷坯用原料粉体改性处理,主要是利用水晶钻废料中游离石英和由长石风化的高岭石,能够与陶瓷坯用原料充分反应的特性,使固相反应进行更为完全,有助于提高陶瓷成瓷强度。
2、本发明以水晶钻废料为原料制备多孔陶瓷,其坯用料浆具有良好的悬浮性和分散性,化学稳定性高、流变性能良好,环保无污染。而且,素烧过的坯体施釉后再经还原热处理,坯釉的结合性好、成瓷强度高、立体感强,色调细腻无色差。
3、本发明制造陶瓷工艺简单,并且能大幅降低生产成本,充分提高水晶钻废料资源利用率。
附图说明
图1本发明废泥注浆成型样品;
图2本发明釉烧后制品。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述,但本实施例并不用于限制本发明,凡是采用本发明的相似结构及其相似变化,均应列入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
S1:多孔陶瓷坯用基料按由如下重量份的组份组成:水晶钻废料25份,高岭土25份,石英25份,伊利石10份,膨润土5份,叶腊石5份,球土5份。
其中水晶钻废料化学组分含量为:SiO247%,Na2SiO336%,CaO6%,CaF22%,Na2O4.5%,ZnO0.1%,K2O1.5%,Na2O1%,MgO0.36%,Fe2O30.23%,TiO20.30%,I.L1.0%,其他微量元素(La、Sr、Ce、As、Pb、S)0.01%。
S2:按重量百分比,多孔陶瓷基料:水:造孔剂为25:60:15。将陶瓷坯用原料、水和造孔剂混合均匀后,置于球磨机中球磨至D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm的细度后,使用孔径220目的筛网进行过筛除杂、陈腐,筛余0.2%;料浆含水率20%;料浆比重1.45%;料浆流速5秒,形成高性能陶瓷坯用料浆。
S3将料浆压滤形成泥状,经真空练泥陈腐后脱泡,然后重复进行真空练泥,再将成型的陶瓷坯体进行干燥,经微波干燥和热风干燥后,在650℃温度下进行素烧,保温1h。
S4待冷却后,再施传统陶瓷粉青釉,在还原气氛1150℃温度下烧成,保温1h,热处理的升温速率为3℃/min,获得成瓷强度高、抗折抗压强度佳、色彩鲜艳、纹理自然、质感柔和、立体感强、具有天然粉青纹理和色彩,表面较平整和光滑的多孔陶瓷制品。
实施例2
S1按原料由如下重量份的组份组成:水晶钻废料50份,高岭土20份,石英10份,伊利石5份,膨润土5份,叶腊石5份,球土5份。
其中水晶钻废料化学组分含量为:SiO245.89%,Na2SiO335%,CaO7.11%,CaF22.5%,Na2O1.4%,ZnO0.16%,K2O1.68%,Na2O2.45%,MgO0.17%,Fe2O30.5%,TiO20.23%,I.L2.53%,微量元素0.38%。
S2按重量百分比,多孔陶瓷坯用基料、水和造孔剂的重量百分比为25:65:10。将陶瓷基料、水和造孔剂混合均匀后,置于混料机至D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm的细度后,使用孔径220目的筛网进行过筛除杂、陈腐,筛余0.5%;料浆含水率25%;料浆比重1.65%;料浆流速15秒,形成高性能陶瓷坯用料浆。
S3将料浆压滤形成泥状,经真空练泥陈腐后脱泡,然后重复进行真空练泥,再将成型的陶瓷坯体进行干燥,经微波干燥和热风干燥后,在650℃温度下进行素烧,保温2h。
S4待冷却后,再施传统陶瓷豆青釉,在还原气氛1200℃温度下烧成,保温2h,热处理的升温速率为3℃/min,获得成瓷强度高、抗折抗压强度佳、纹理自然、质感柔和、立体感强、具有天然豆青般纹理,表面较平整、光滑的多孔陶瓷制品。
实施例3
S1按原料由如下重量份的组份组成:水晶钻废料35份,高岭土35份,石英15份,伊利石5份,膨润土5份,叶腊石5份,球土5份。
其中水晶钻废料化学组分含量为:SiO244.74%,Na2SiO335%,CaO7.5%,CaF23%,Na2O5.5%,ZnO0.1%,MnO0.1%,K2O1.5%,Na2O1%,MgO0.1%,Fe2O30.22%,TiO20.1%,I.L1.13%,其他微量元素(La、Sr、Ce、S)0.01%。
S2按重量百分比,多孔陶瓷坯用基料、水和造孔剂的重量百分比为35:55:10。将陶瓷基料、水和造孔混合均匀后,置于球磨机中球磨至D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm的细度后,使用孔径220目的筛网进行过筛除杂、陈腐,筛余0.3%;料浆含水率24%;料浆比重1.55%;料浆流速11秒,形成高性能多孔陶瓷料浆。
S3将料浆压滤形成泥状,经真空练泥陈腐后脱泡,然后重复进行真空练泥,再将成型的陶瓷坯体进行干燥,经微波干燥和热风干燥后,750℃温度下进行素烧,保温1.5h。
S4待冷却后,再施传统陶瓷青釉,在还原气氛下热处理温度1100℃下烧成,热处理升温速度为3℃/min,保温0.5h,获得成瓷强度高、抗折抗压强度佳、纹理自然、质感柔和、立体感强,具有天然梅子青纹理,表面较平整、光滑的多孔陶瓷制品。
实施例4
S1按原料由如下重量份的组份组成:水晶钻废料38份,高岭土25份,石英15份,伊利石10份,膨润土3份,叶腊石5份,球土4份。
其中水晶钻废料化学组分含量为:SiO246.96%,Na2SiO333%,CaO8%,CaF22%,Na2O4.5%,ZnO0.3%,MnO0.2%,K2O1.5%,Na2O1%,MgO0.1%,Fe2O30.2%,TiO20.1%,I.L2.0%,其他微量元素(La、Sr、Ce、S)0.14%。
S2按重量百分比,多孔陶瓷坯用基料、水和造孔剂的重量百分比为30:55:15。将陶瓷基料、水和造孔混合均匀后,置于球磨机中球磨至D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm的细度后,使用孔径220目的筛网进行过筛除杂、陈腐,筛余0.3%;料浆含水率23%;料浆比重1.55%;料浆流速11秒,形成高性能多孔陶瓷料浆。
S3将料浆压滤形成泥状,经真空练泥陈腐后脱泡,然后重复进行真空练泥,再将成型的陶瓷坯体进行干燥,经微波干燥和热风干燥后,850℃温度下进行素烧,保温1.5h。
S4待冷却后,再施传统陶瓷青釉,在氧化气氛下热处理温度1260℃下烧成,热处理升温速度为3℃/min,保温1h,获得成瓷强度高、抗折抗压强度佳、纹理自然、质感柔和、立体感强,具有天然梅子青纹理,表面较平整、光滑的多孔陶瓷制品。
实施例5
S1按原料由如下重量份的组份组成:水晶钻废料40份,高岭土40份,石英16份,膨润土4份。
其中水晶钻废料化学组分含量为:SiO250%,Na2SiO325%,CaO11%,CaF22%,Na2O5.0%,ZnO0.1%,K2O1.5%,Na2O1%,MgO0.1%,Fe2O30.2%,TiO20.1%,I.L3.0%,其他微量元素(La、Sr、Ce、S)0.10%。
S2按重量百分比,多孔陶瓷坯用基料、水和造孔剂的重量百分比为40:55:5。将陶瓷基料、水和造孔混合均匀后,置于球磨机中球磨至D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm的细度后,使用孔径220目的筛网进行过筛除杂、陈腐,筛余0.35%;料浆含水率22%;料浆比重1.45%;料浆流速8秒,形成高性能多孔陶瓷料浆。
S3将料浆压滤形成泥状,经真空练泥陈腐后脱泡,然后重复进行真空练泥,再将成型的陶瓷坯体进行干燥,经微波干燥和热风干燥后,700℃温度下进行素烧,保温1.5h。
S4待冷却后,再施传统陶瓷青釉,在还原气氛下热处理温度1260℃下烧成,热处理升温速度为3℃/min,保温0.5h,获得成瓷强度高、抗折抗压强度佳、纹理自然、质感柔和、立体感强,具有天然梅子青纹理,表面较平整、光滑的多孔陶瓷制品。
实施例6
S1按原料由如下重量份的组份组成:水晶钻废料49份,高岭土28份,石英21份,伊利石2份。
其中水晶钻废料化学组分含量为:SiO251%,Na2SiO328%,CaO8%,CaF24%,Na2O4.5%,ZnO0.15%,MnO0.25%,K2O3%,Na2O3%,MgO0.25%,Fe2O30.55%,TiO20.5%,I.L3.0%,其他微量元素(La、Sr、Ce、As)0.30%。
S2按重量百分比,多孔陶瓷基料、水和造孔剂的重量百分比为39:50:11。将陶瓷基料、水和造孔混合均匀后,置于球磨机中球磨至D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm的细度后,使用孔径220目的筛网进行过筛除杂、陈腐,筛余0.45%;料浆含水率23%;料浆比重1.65%;料浆流速11秒,形成高性能多孔陶瓷料浆。
S3将料浆压滤形成泥状,经真空练泥陈腐后脱泡,然后重复进行真空练泥,再将成型的陶瓷坯体进行干燥,经微波干燥和热风干燥后,850℃温度下进行素烧,保温1.5h。
S4待冷却后,再施传统陶瓷青釉,在氧化气氛下热处理温度1220℃下烧成,热处理升温速度为4℃/min,保温1h,获得成瓷强度高、抗折抗压强度佳、纹理自然、质感柔和、立体感强,具有天然梅子青纹理,表面较平整、光滑的多孔陶瓷制品。
如图1为本发明废泥注浆成型样品,图2为釉烧后制品。
本发明技术优势:
1、本发明以水晶钻废料为原料制造多孔陶瓷,不仅大大降低多孔陶瓷的生产成本,且充分利用水晶钻加工行业带来的水晶钻废料,减少水晶钻废料对环境的危害,具有重大的经济和社会效益。不仅符合资源再生利用的战略需求,而且符合未来建设能源集约化、绿色环保社会的发展要求。
2、本发明制备的陶瓷成瓷强度高、致密度高(抗冲击强度达到4.00KJ/m2,抗折强度达到120Mpa以上,热稳定性可保证200~20℃水冷热交换一次不裂),可满足各种陶瓷材料性能要求。
3、本发明制造工艺简单,原料成本低,可节约55%以上,有利于节能减排和产业化的生产。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (10)
1.一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1:按重量比例组分,称取多孔陶瓷基料:水:造孔剂=25~45:50~65:5~15,进行化浆搅拌混合4~12h得到多孔混合物,过筛除铁后形成多孔陶瓷坯料料浆;
S2:经多次真空练泥后,进行料浆陈腐工艺,后再进行加工成成型陶瓷胎体;
S3:将成型的陶瓷胎体进行干燥,经微波或热风干燥后,在650~850℃温度下进行素烧,保温1~1.5h;
S4:待冷却后,再施陶瓷釉浆1~3mm,在氧化或还原气氛下热处理温度1100~1260℃下烧成,热处理升温速度为3~5℃/min,保温0.5~1h,制得一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中的多孔陶瓷基料由如下重量组份组成:水晶钻废料25~55份,高岭土25~50份,石英15~35份,伊利石0~10份,膨润土0~10份,叶腊石0~15份,球土0~10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中的陶瓷坯料混合物球磨到细度为D10>0.05μm,D50为0.45±0.05μm,D100<4μm,并使用孔径≤1μm的筛网进行过筛除杂,得到多孔陶瓷坯料料浆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中的料浆陈腐工艺的料浆细度220目;筛余0.2~0.5%;料浆含水率20~25%;料浆比重1.45~1.65%;料浆流速5~15秒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S4中的述陶瓷釉浆着色用原料为Fe2O3、FeO、CuO中的一种或多种。
6.一种根据上述权利要求1~5中任意一种所述的方法制得的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷,其特征在于:原料包括多孔陶瓷基料、水和造孔剂,所述多孔陶瓷基料的粒度为220目筛以下。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷,其特征在于:按重量比例组分,所述多孔陶瓷基料:水:造孔剂为25~45:50~65:5~15。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷,其特征在于:所述多孔陶瓷基料由如下重量份的组分:水晶钻废料25~55份,高岭土25~50份,石英15~35份,伊利石0~10份,膨润土0~10份,叶腊石0~15份,球土0~10份。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷,其特征在于:所述水晶钻废料化学组成含有SiO245~55%,Na2SiO335~50%,CaO 6~11%,CaF22~4%,Na2O4.5~6.5%,ZnO 0.1~0.3%,MnO0~0.3%,K2O 1.5~4%,Na2O 1~5%,MgO 0.1~1.0%,Fe2O30.2~1.0%,TiO20.1~0.5%,微量元素0.01~1%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种以水晶钻废料为原料制备的多孔陶瓷,其特征在于:所述造孔剂为锯末、木炭屑和碳酸钠中一种或多种。
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