CN1118387C - 包括紧急驱动装置的混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

包括紧急驱动装置的混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN1118387C
CN1118387C CN98107891A CN98107891A CN1118387C CN 1118387 C CN1118387 C CN 1118387C CN 98107891 A CN98107891 A CN 98107891A CN 98107891 A CN98107891 A CN 98107891A CN 1118387 C CN1118387 C CN 1118387C
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combustion engine
power
motor
output
electrical motor
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CN1217988A (zh
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山田良昭
山田淳
家中弘
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UD Trucks Corp
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UD Trucks Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种混合动力车辆，包括：由内燃机驱动的发电机；由所述发电机充电的电池；由所述发电机和所述电池驱动的电动机；用来把所述电动机的输出传递给车辆驱动系统的装置；其特征在于具有：在所述电动机发生故障时发出指令的紧急驱动指示器装置；由彼此串联布置的转矩转换器和离合器构成，根据所述电动机发生故障时所述紧急驱动指示器装置发出的指令，把所述内燃机的输出传递给所述车辆驱动系统的动力传递机构。

Description

包括紧急驱动装置的混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括一个内燃机和一个电动机作为动力源的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
在先有技术中已知一种混合动力车辆，包括一个内燃机(ICE)和一个电动机作为动力源，以便减少车辆的排气污染。
这样一种混合动力车辆，例如，由日本专利局在1997年公布的日本专利申请Tokkai Hei 9-103001所公开。在这一先有技术中，内燃机和电动机都与车轮机械地相连，并且车轮既由内燃机又由电动机驱动。因此，即使电动机有故障时，也能由内燃机驱动车轮。
然而，也有一种串联式混合动力车辆，其中把来自内燃机的所有输出都由一个发电机转换成动力，并且车轮仅由电动机驱动。在这样一种系列类型的混合动力车辆中，由于车轮不与内燃机机械地相连，所以当电动机有故障时，内燃机就不能把其输出传递给车轮，即使内燃机中没有故障也是如此，因而车辆根本就不能行驶。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于，使一种串联式混合动力车辆即使当其电动机有故障时也能够行驶。
为了实现以上目的，本发明提供了一种混合动力车辆，包括：由内燃机驱动的发电机；由所述发电机充电的电池；由所述发电机和所述电池驱动的电动机；用来把所述电动机的输出传递给车辆驱动系统的装置；其特征在于具有：在所述电动机发生故障时发出指令的紧急驱动指示器装置；由彼此串联布置的转矩转换器和离合器构成，根据所述电动机发生故障时所述紧急驱动指示器装置发出的指令，把所述内燃机的输出传递给所述车辆驱动系统的动力传递机构。
根据本发明的一个方面，混合动力车辆还包括一个控制器，当内燃机的输出经动力传递机构传递给驱动系统时，该控制器把发电机保持在动力产生停止状态或动力产生最小状态，并且把电动机保持在中性状态。
根据本发明的另一个方面，动力传递机构包括一个转矩转换器和两个分别提供在转矩转换器输入侧和输出侧的离合器。
根据本发明的另一个方面，动力传递机构还包括一个方向转换装置和一个反向机构，当有来自方向转换装置的命令时，该反向机构把来自内燃机的输出转动反向，并把它传递给驱动系统。
附图说明
本发明的细节以及其他特征和优点在说明书的其余部分中描述，并在附图中表明。
图1表示根据本发明第一实施例的一种混合动力车辆的结构。
图2是混合动力车辆控制器的方块图。
图3是流程图，表示控制器的操作。
图4表示本发明第二实施例的部分结构。
图5类似于图1，但表示本发明的第三实施例。
图6类似于图1，但表示本发明的第四实施例。
具体实施方式
参照附图的图1，一种系列类型的混合动力车辆装有一个内燃机(ICE)1和一个连接到该内燃机1的一根输出轴2上的发电机3、一个用来存储由发电机3产生的电力的电池4、及一对由发电机3和电池4驱动的电动机5。电动机5的输出经一个减速齿轮6、联轴器7、传动轴8、联轴器9、及最后驱动10传递给车轮。
一个转矩转换器13经一对减速齿轮12a、12b连接到内燃机1的输出轴2。一个离合器14还提供在转矩转换器13与减速齿轮6之间。这些齿轮12a、12b、转矩转换器13、和离合器14组成紧急中使用的一个动力传递机构11。
这种混合动力车辆包括一个图2中所示的控制器。一个系统控制器15经一个内燃机控制器16控制内燃机1的输出、经一个发电机控制器17控制由发电机3产生的动力值、及经一个电动机控制器18控制电动机5的输出。
当从紧急驱动开关20输入信号时，例如当电动机5有故障时，系统控制器15控制内燃机1的输出，并且经紧急驱动控制器19啮合或释放离合器14。
信号从一个加速踏板开度传感器22和车辆速度传感器23输入到系统控制器15，并且系统控制器15按照信号进行紧急驱动控制。
图3是流程图，描述紧急状态下系统控制器15的操作。
在步骤S1，读出加速踏板开度和车辆速度。在步骤S2，根据加速踏板开度和车辆速度确定车辆是否处于静止。当确定车辆处于静止时，程序前进到步骤S3。在步骤S3，确定紧急驱动开关20是否接通。当确定紧急驱动开关20是接通时，分别在步骤S4、S5，把电动机5设置到中性状态、和把发电机3设置到动力产生停止状态或动力产生最小状态，并且程序前进到步骤S6。
在步骤S6，通过确定是否已经增大了加速踏板开度，确定是否已经进行了车辆启动操作。当确定已经有启动操作时，程序前进到步骤S7、S8，逐渐连接离合器14，并根据加速踏板开度增大内燃机1的输出。
在车辆已经启动并开始行驶之后，连续行驶直到确定已经进行了车辆停止操作。当在步骤S9确定加速踏板开度为零且车辆速度等于或小于预定值(非常低的速度)，即，已经进行了停止操作时，在步骤S10脱开离合器14，在步骤S11切断紧急驱动开关20，并且控制结束。
其次，将描述这种混合动力车辆的操作。在正常行驶期间，内燃机1仅驱动发电机3。电动机5由从发电机3供给的动力驱动。根据加速踏板开度控制电动机5的转速，并且加速踏板开度越大，转速越高。然后随着释放离合器14，内燃机1的输出不经离合器14传递到电动机5。
另外，当电动机5中发生故障时，首先停止车辆，并且当接通紧急驱动开关20时，发生到紧急驱动模式的转移。
然后发电机3进入动力产生停止状态或动力产生最小状态，并且电动机5进入中性状态。当司机踩下加速踏板时，逐渐连接离合器14。内燃机1的输出经离合器14输入到减速齿轮6，并传递到车轮。结果，车辆能由内燃机1直接驱动，例如当电动机5损坏时。
当松开加速踏板且车辆减速时，再释放离合器14，从而中断内燃机1的输出到车轮的传递，并且能使车辆停止。
因此，即使电动机5损坏，也能安全地把车辆行驶到要求的地方。
随着内燃机1的输出经转矩转换器13输入到减速齿轮6，能增大和传递内燃机1的输出，即使在紧急驱动期间也能得到行驶车辆必需的驱动力。而且随着能平稳地传递转矩，还能减小传递冲击。只要离合器14存在，即使没有转矩转换器13，也仍能平稳地行驶车辆。
在紧急驱动期间，随着发电机3保持在动力产生停止状态或最小动力状态、且电动机5保持在中性状态，能减小内燃机1用来驱动发电机3和电动机5的输出。结果，几乎内燃机1的所有输出都能用来驱动车轮，并且保证良好的行驶性能。
图4表示本发明的第二实施例。这个实施例把离合器14a和14b分别提供在转矩转换器13的输入侧和输出侧，而不同于第一实施例。
根据这一实施例，在车辆的正常行驶期间能保持转矩转换器13完全与内燃机1和电动机5分开。由于这个原因，消除了在正常行驶期间由于驱动转矩转换器13发生的内燃机1的输出损失。
图5表示本发明的第三实施例。这一实施例除转矩转换器13和离合器14a、14b外，把一个反向机构25插入在转矩转换器13与离合器14b之间，而不同于第一实施例。这一反向机构25与在已知的先有技术中用来变换使传递齿轮反向的机构相同。
一个选择“正向”或“反向”的信号从一个方向变换开关21输入到紧急驱动控制器19。未表示的一个致动器根据来自这一方向变换开关21的信号，移动一个运动啮合齿轮26，以便在其中直接把内燃机1的输出转动传递到车轮的一种状态、与其中在传递到车轮之前把输出反向的一种状态之间变换。
因此不仅能使车辆向前行驶，而且能向后行驶，并改进了紧急状态下车辆的可操作性。
图6表示本发明的第四实施例。这一实施例把动力传递机构11提供在发电机3的相对侧，而不同于第三实施例。由于这一原因，在内燃机1和动力传递机构11的布置中有更大的自由度。

Claims (4)

1.一种混合动力车辆，包括：
由内燃机驱动的发电机；
由所述发电机充电的电池；
由所述发电机和所述电池驱动的电动机；
用来把所述电动机的输出传递给车辆驱动系统的装置；
其特征在于具有：
在所述电动机发生故障时发出指令的紧急驱动指示器装置；
由彼此串联布置的转矩转换器和离合器构成，根据所述电动机发生故障时所述紧急驱动指示器装置发出的指令，把所述内燃机的输出传递给所述车辆驱动系统的动力传递机构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，还包括一个控制器，当所述内燃机的输出经所述动力传递机构传递给所述驱动系统时，该控制器把所述发电机保持在动力产生停止状态或动力产生最小状态，并且把所述电动机保持在中性状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中所述动力传递机构包括一个转矩转换器和两个分别提供在所述转矩转换器输入侧和输出侧的离合器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中所述动力传递机构包括一个方向转换装置和一个反向机构，当有来自所述方向转换装置的命令时，该反向机构把来自所述内燃机的输出转动反向，并把它传递给所述驱动系统。
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