CN111838550B - 一种谷芽催生的方法及谷芽营养食品的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种谷芽催生的方法及谷芽营养食品的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种谷芽催生的方法及谷芽营养食品的加工方法,其包括如下步骤:1)种子激活:将谷物种子去除杂质,并用臭氧水消毒,然后使用种子激活液进行浸泡,之后对谷物种子进行高频电场处理;2)营养调理:将步骤(1)激活后的谷物种子进行发芽处理,每隔一段时间向谷物种子表面喷洒营养喷剂。本发明通过对谷物发芽过程进行精准调控,可有效提高发芽率和发芽势,同时能抑制杂菌生长,且营养因子得到释放和游离化,抗营养因子得到钝化,营养素损失较小,大幅提高了谷芽的开发利用价值。本发明以不同种类的谷物胚芽为原料,并搭配水果、蔬菜、坚果等辅料,可制备出口感绵细丰富、营养均衡丰富、口感层次强烈,并且具有调节肠道菌群环境、补充特种营养素、健脑益智护眼、安眠宁神等功效的营养食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于营养食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种谷芽催生的方法及谷芽营养食品的加工方法。
背景技术
全球有多种大宗谷物,比如大米、小米、高粱、玉米、小麦、大麦和燕麦等,除了把它们当作主食食用,亚洲、非洲和西方的一些国家会将谷物作为饮料加工的原料。谷物是我国人民的主食,在我国的膳食结构中占有重要地位,中国自古以来也是拥有谷物饮食的农业大国,粮食产量和进口量稳居世界前列。近年来,谷物加工业在总体满足城乡居民基本生活需求的基础上,产业结构调整也取得了较大的进展,其中谷芽食品的研发和推广也逐渐广泛。
谷芽催生技术包括种子激活、外源营养素干预发芽、优势催芽菌株控制、抗营养因子钝化、营养因子释放(游离化)、营养保持(pH、温度、氧、时间调节)等。
种子激活顾名思义就是通过外因素介入,刺激种子内部生化体系的运转,激活各种酶的在细胞内和细胞间的生成和释放,使种子达到活性的萌芽状态。目前种子激活的物理手段有热激法、等离子体激活法、微波激活法、磁化激活法、电场激活法和超声场激活法等,这些方法通过物理因素的刺激作用,可以极为显著地提高种子发芽率和萌发活力。此外,还能结合较为温和的手段,如酶处理、添加矿物质等,使谷物种子中的谷氨酸脱羧酶、蛋白酶、糖化酶、植酸酶、纤维素酶等酶的活性增加50%以上。
发芽一般是将游离态单糖、氨基酸、矿物质和维生素等和水调配成发芽专用营养液,可以浸泡、喷洒和注入等方式来促进种子的发芽,提升发芽势。比如专利CN108456092A提及的用于黄瓜种子催芽用的营养液,它在溶剂的存在下使乳糖、果糖、多效唑、维生素、氨基酸以及水溶性壳聚糖混合形成营养液,催芽效果明显;种子的萌发少不了高温高湿条件,但是该条件极易滋生杂菌,为了做到以菌治菌、促进种子的萌发和增加营养因子的富集和游离化,增添谷物的香味和口感,可以在营养液的基础上接种一些优质的复合菌种,具体的菌种比如专利CN104357337A提及的米根霉zsm-003、米根霉zsm-004、根霉zsm-005和卡斯特酵母zsm-001等,此外中科院微生物菌剂研究所也研制了一种茶叶活菌催芽促长剂,喷施后能促进新芽、新叶的萌发,持嫩性好,明显增加芽头密度和一芽三叶的数量,提高百芽重和百梢重,这些复合菌群可以分泌生长素、细胞分裂素等植物激素和酶,来调控芽苗代谢,促进芽苗茎叶生长,并且能够抑制有害微生物的生长,有效防治烧根、烂芽等现象,有的菌种还能降解药物残留。
抗营养因子是植物代谢产生的,并以不同机制对动物产生抗营养作用的物质,从而起到威慑取食的作用。这些抗营养因子在体内破坏或阻碍机体对营养成分的消化吸收,通过改变食糜通过消化道速率,提高肠道中有害菌的活性,造成机体发育受阻。抗营养因子在自然界中普遍存在,在谷物种子的抗营养因子主要有植酸、非淀粉多糖和酚类物质等,钝化它们的方法有机械法(粉碎、去壳、脱种皮)、发芽处理法、热激法、水浸泡法、化学方法(酸碱处理)、作物育种法、酶制剂处理法、微生物发酵法,它们各有利弊。
营养因子的释放和游离化与抗营养因子的钝化有直接关系,例如植酸会螯合矿物质元素,妨碍钙镁铁锌等元素离子的释放和游离化;胰蛋白酶抑制因子通过竞争性抑制动物肠道内的蛋白酶,从而抑制蛋白质降解成游离态的多肽或氨基酸。除此之外在外界环境(例如低温、金属离子)和内部遗传物质的双重作用下,植物细胞发生程序性死亡,胞内细胞器(如线粒体、液泡和内质网等)在内源酶的作用下会发生裂解从而导致其中的内容物流出,细胞膜的通透性也会大大增加,这也促进了如氨基酸、蛋白质、水溶性糖类、脂肪酸等营养因子从细胞中逸出和游离化。本专利的目的是合理地控制抗营养因子的钝化和营养因子的释放(游离化),使游离态的GABA、氨基酸、花青素、水溶性糖类等含量增加20%以上。营养保持指的是控制环境条件,如控制谷物种子表面的微环境的pH=6-6.8,采取低温胁迫、低氧胁迫、盐胁迫等方式,将谷物的GABA、氨基酸或多肽、低聚糖、益生菌等营养素的含量降低率低于10%,中国专利CN 103999933A公布了一种发芽糙米的保鲜方法,主要发挥作用的是含有壳聚糖、柠檬酸钙、茶多酚和抗坏血酸的保鲜液,使用该保鲜液处理后的发芽糙米,营养成分得到充分保留,保鲜、保质期得到了延长,并且生产工艺较为简便,容易操作。
发明内容
现有技术中,谷芽催生过程中发芽率和发芽势通常较低,且容易滋生杂菌,营养因子和抗营养因子也无法得到有效调控,营养素难以得到释放和保持,从而限制了谷芽的开发利用;另外,直接以谷物为原料制备的全谷物食品因口感粗糙、营养吸收差、风味寡淡、营养不够全面,并不能满足消费者的要求。基于上述问题,本发明一方面提供了一种谷芽催生的方法,其通过对谷物发芽过程进行精准调控,可有效提高发芽率和发芽势,同时能抑制杂菌生长,且营养因子得到释放和游离化,抗营养因子得到钝化,营养素损失较小,大幅提高了谷芽的开发利用价值。本发明另一方面提供了一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,其以不同种类的谷物胚芽为原料,并搭配水果、蔬菜、坚果等辅料,可制备出口感绵细丰富、营养均衡丰富、口感层次强烈,并且具有调节肠道菌群环境、补充特种营养素、健脑益智护眼、安眠宁神等功效的营养食品。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现。
一种谷芽催生的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)种子激活:将谷物种子去除杂质,并用臭氧水消毒,然后使用种子激活液进行浸泡,之后对谷物种子进行高频电场处理;
2)营养调理:将步骤(1)激活后的谷物种子进行发芽处理,每隔一段时间向谷物种子表面喷洒营养喷剂。
作为具体技术方案,所述种子激活液的配方为:氯化钠10~30g,硫酸锰0.3~0.8g,赤霉素0.05~0.2g,纤维素酶0.3~0.8g,水1000g。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤(1)种子激活步骤中,使用种子激活液进行浸泡的条件为:浸泡温度25~35℃,浸泡时间4~10h。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤(1)种子激活步骤中,高频电场处理的条件为:频率10~30MC,场强100~300V/cm,处理时间20~80s。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤(2)营养调理具体为:将经过激活的谷物种子在湿度为90%、温度为20~40℃的黑暗条件下发芽10~24h,期间每隔2~6h向谷物表面喷洒营养喷剂,待芽长达到0.5-2.0mm时停止发芽。
作为具体技术方案,所述营养喷剂含有以下浓度的成分:可溶性壳聚糖0.25g/L,复合菌株0.01~0.04g/100g,游离态单糖0.2g/L,维生素0.02g/100g,氨基酸0.05g/100g,有机酸5mmol/L,氯化钠0.1g/L,L-谷氨酸单钠0.45g/L、硫酸锌0.1g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.001g/L、氯化钙1g/L;所述复合菌株包括卡斯特酒香酵母(Brettanomyces custersii)ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)ZSM-002、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-003、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-004和根霉(Rhizopus sp.)ZSM-005;所述复合菌株中卡斯特酒香酵母(Brettanomyces custersii)ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)ZSM-002、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-003、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-004和根霉(Rhizopus sp.)ZSM-005按质量计的比例为2:5:3:3:2;上述各菌株的保藏信息如下:
卡斯特酒香酵母(Brettanomyces custersii)ZSM-001,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M207150,保藏单位为中国典型培养物保藏中心;
植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)ZSM-002,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M209127,保藏单位为中国典型培养物保藏中心;
米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-003,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2014374,保藏单位为中国典型培养物保藏中心;
米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-004,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2014375,保藏单位为中国典型培养物保藏中心;
根霉(Rhizopus sp.)ZSM-005,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2014376,保藏单位为中国典型培养物保藏中心;
本发明营养喷剂中通过使用复合菌株实现了混合菌种对于发芽谷物营养和品质的调控作用:复合菌株能通过分泌植物激素来促进谷物的萌芽和生根,同时有效抑制其他有害微生物的生长,并促进发芽谷物中营养素的游离化与释放,菌株发酵产生的游离性单糖和有机酸等产物也为发芽谷物增添独有的酸甜适口的滋味以及清爽芳香的风味。
一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)谷物干燥:以不同种类的谷物种子为原料,采用上述方法对谷物种子进行谷芽催生,之后将谷物干燥,得不同种类的胚芽谷物;
2)微细化:于胚芽谷物中加入清水,制成固形物质量浓度为5%~30%的胚芽谷物浆,之后使用湿法超微粉碎制成细腻的胚芽谷物浆;
3)胚芽谷物浆干燥:以胚芽谷物浆为原料,干燥制成不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片;
4)配方调配:将所得的不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片按一定比例进行调配,并加入营养调配剂、风味调节剂、稳定剂,之后包装成独立的小包装,得胚芽谷物包;将不同种类的水果干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得水果包;将不同种类的蔬菜干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得蔬菜包;将不同种类的坚果依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得坚果包;
5)包装:取步骤(3)制得的胚芽谷物包与步骤(4)制得的水果包、蔬菜包、坚果包四个独立小包装置于一个包装中,赋码,装箱后即可。
作为具体技术方案,所述谷物种子包括糙米、薏仁米、小米、燕麦、小麦、大麦、荞麦、青稞、黄豆、绿豆、黑豆中的一种或多种;所述水果干包括蔓越莓干、蓝莓干、猕猴桃干、芒果干、苹果干、香蕉干、黄桃干、柠檬干中的一种或多种;所述蔬菜干包括胡萝卜干、高丽菜干、秋葵干、黄瓜干、豆角干、马铃薯干、西红柿干中的一种或多种;所述坚果包括榛子、杏仁、腰果、核桃、南瓜子、花生、葵花子、开心果、松子中的一种或多种。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤(2)中的湿法超微粉碎采用高压均质或者高能湿法球磨;所述高压均质的工艺参数为:控制均质温度为50~60℃,于压强为40Mpa、20Mpa下均质两次;所述高能湿法球磨的工艺参数为:使用直径为0.5mm氧化锆磨珠,料珠比为400:740g/g,转速1000~3000rpm,研磨时间为1~1.5h。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤(4)配方调配中,胚芽谷物、水果干、蔬菜干和坚果的调配过程采用线性或非线性规划计算最优配方。
本发明有益效果:
1)本发明的胚芽谷物包用80℃热水冲即可得到一杯热气腾腾的谷物饮品,其颗粒粒径D90均到达90μm以下,既保证了溶解性和水合性,又使得营养因子能充分溶出;同时添加少量稳定剂的使得饮品有一定的粘度,不但能增加浓厚的口感,还能提高稳定性,即维持各成分的悬浮使其不易沉降;还可以针对不同的特殊消费人群添加特定的营养强化剂,如添加柠檬酸钙帮助骨质疏松的老年人补钙,为孕妇添加叶酸来帮助胎儿发育,添加低聚果糖调节肠道功能等等;本发明的水果包、蔬菜包和坚果包则可以根据个人口味和营养需求,酌量添加到冲泡好的饮品中,然后搅拌均匀,不仅能在饮用的同时还能有咀嚼感,还符合了平衡膳食的要求,“四合一”包装也有新颖性,对消费者有一定的吸引力。
2)本发明通过通过浸泡、发芽等营养调理手段对谷物所含目标营养因子进行富集,对抗营养因子进行削减;通过对发芽谷物进行超微粉碎,来改善口感和提高消化吸收率;添加了水果干、蔬菜干和坚果,增添了风味,平衡了营养,口感上更有层次感;最终制得的产品具有风味独特、营养均衡、口感丰富等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明,需要指出的是,以下实施方式仅是以例举的形式对本发明所做的解释性说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此,所有本领域技术人员以本发明的精神对本发明做的等效的替换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种谷芽催生的方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)种子激活:将谷物种子去除杂质,并用臭氧水消毒,然后使用种子激活液进行浸泡,之后对谷物种子进行高频电场处理;
2)营养调理:将步骤(1)激活后的谷物种子进行发芽处理,每隔一段时间向谷物种子表面喷洒营养喷剂。
实施例2
一种谷芽催生的方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)种子激活:将谷物种子去除杂质,并用臭氧水消毒,然后使用种子激活液进行浸泡,浸泡温度为25~35℃,浸泡时间为4~10h,之后对谷物种子进行高频电场处理,高频电场处理的条件为:频率10~30MC,场强100~300V/cm,处理时间20~80s;其中,种子激活液的配方为:氯化钠10~30g,硫酸锰0.3~0.8g,赤霉素0.05~0.2g,纤维素酶0.3~0.8g,水1000g;
2)营养调理:将经过激活的谷物种子在湿度为90%、温度为20~40℃的黑暗条件下发芽10~24h,期间每隔2~6h向谷物表面喷洒营养喷剂,待芽长达到0.5~2.0mm时停止发芽;其中,营养喷剂含有以下浓度的成分:可溶性壳聚糖0.25g/L,复合菌株0.04g/100g,游离态单糖0.2g/L,维生素0.02g/100g,氨基酸0.05g/100g,有机酸5mmol/L,氯化钠0.1g/L,L-谷氨酸单钠0.45g/L、硫酸锌0.1g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.001g/L、氯化钙1g/L;其中,复合菌株包括卡斯特酒香酵母(Brettanomyces custersii)ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillusplantarum)ZSM-002、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-003、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-004和根霉(Rhizopus sp.)ZSM-005;复合菌株中卡斯特酒香酵母(Brettanomycescustersii)ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)ZSM-002、米根霉(Rhizopusoryzae)ZSM-003、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-004和根霉(Rhizopus sp.)ZSM-005按质量计的比例为2:5:3:3:2。
实施例3
一种谷芽催生的方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)种子激活:将谷物种子去除杂质,并用臭氧水消毒,然后使用种子激活液进行浸泡,浸泡温度为25~35℃,浸泡时间为4~10h,之后对谷物种子进行高频电场处理,高频电场处理的条件为:频率10~30MC,场强100~300V/cm,处理时间20~80s;其中,种子激活液的配方为:氯化钠10~30g,硫酸锰0.3~0.8g,赤霉素0.05~0.2g,纤维素酶0.3~0.8g,水1000g;
2)营养调理:将经过激活的谷物种子在湿度为90%、温度为20~40℃的黑暗条件下发芽10~24h,期间每隔2~6h向谷物表面喷洒营养喷剂,待芽长达到0.5~2.0mm时停止发芽;其中,营养喷剂含有以下浓度的成分:可溶性壳聚糖0.25g/L,复合菌株0.01g/100g,游离态单糖0.2g/L,维生素0.02g/100g,氨基酸0.05g/100g,有机酸5mmol/L,氯化钠0.1g/L,L-谷氨酸单钠0.45g/L、硫酸锌0.1g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.001g/L、氯化钙1g/L;其中,复合菌株由卡斯特酒香酵母(Brettanomyces custersii)ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillusplantarum)ZSM-002、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-003、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-004和根霉(Rhizopus sp.)ZSM-005按质量计的比例为2:5:3:3:2混合制备而成。
实施例4
谷芽催生过程中喷洒营养喷剂与清水的差异比较。
1、试验方法
谷芽催生的方法:
1)种子激活:将糙米种子去除杂质,并用臭氧水消毒,然后使用种子激活液进行浸泡,浸泡温度为25~35℃,浸泡时间为4~10h,之后对糙米种子进行高频电场处理,高频电场处理的条件为:频率10~30MC,场强100~300V/cm,处理时间20~80s;其中,种子激活液的配方为:氯化钠20g,硫酸锰0.5g,赤霉素0.1g,纤维素酶0.5g,水1000g;
2)营养调理:将经过激活的糙米种子在湿度为90%、温度为20~40℃的黑暗条件下发芽16h,期间每隔4h向糙米表面喷洒营养喷剂(营养喷剂组)或清水(清水对照组),待芽长达到0.5~2.0mm时停止发芽;其中,营养喷剂含有以下浓度的成分:可溶性壳聚糖0.25g/L,复合菌株0.04g/100g,游离态单糖0.2g/L,维生素0.02g/100g,氨基酸0.05g/100g,有机酸5mmol/L,氯化钠0.1g/L,L-谷氨酸单钠0.45g/L、硫酸锌0.1g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.001g/L、氯化钙1g/L;其中,复合菌株由卡斯特酒香酵母(Brettanomyces custersii)ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)ZSM-002、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-003、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)ZSM-004和根霉(Rhizopus sp.)ZSM-005按质量计的比例为2:5:3:3:2混合制备而成。
2、试验结果
对谷芽催生后的清水对照组、营养喷剂组的发芽糙米的菌落总数、GABA、植酸进行检测,结果见表1和表2。
表1发芽糙米表面的菌落总数
组别 | 菌落总数(CFU/g) |
清水对照组 | 3.0×105 |
营养喷剂组 | 1.8×105 |
表2发芽糙米的GABA和植酸含量
组别 | GABA/(mg/100g) | 植酸/(mg/100g) |
清水对照组 | 43.9 | 810.24 |
营养喷剂组 | 142.87 | 367.66 |
由表1、表2可知,与清水对照组相比,营养喷剂组能有效减少糙米在发芽时表面的菌落总数,还能减少发酵味,增加糙米本身特有的清香;同时使GABA含量增加了2.56倍,植酸减少了54.62%。
实施例5
一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
1)谷物干燥:以不同种类的谷物种子为原料,采用实施例1的方法对谷物种子进行谷芽催生,之后将谷物干燥,得不同种类的胚芽谷物;
2)微细化:于胚芽谷物中加入清水,制成固形物质量浓度为5%~30%的胚芽谷物浆,之后使用湿法超微粉碎制成细腻的胚芽谷物浆;
3)胚芽谷物浆干燥:以胚芽谷物浆为原料,干燥制成不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片;
4)配方调配:将所得的不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片按一定比例进行调配,并加入营养调配剂、风味调节剂、稳定剂,之后包装成独立的小包装,得胚芽谷物包;将不同种类的水果干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得水果包;将不同种类的蔬菜干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得蔬菜包;将不同种类的坚果依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得坚果包;
5)包装:取步骤(3)制得的胚芽谷物包与步骤(4)制得的水果包、蔬菜包、坚果包四个独立小包装置于一个包装中,赋码,装箱后即可。
实施例6
一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
1)谷物干燥:以不同种类的谷物种子为原料,采用实施例2的方法对谷物种子进行谷芽催生,之后将谷物干燥,得不同种类的胚芽谷物;其中,谷物种子包括糙米、薏仁米、小米、燕麦、小麦、大麦、荞麦、青稞、黄豆、绿豆、黑豆中的一种或多种;
2)微细化:于胚芽谷物中加入清水,制成固形物质量浓度为5%~30%的胚芽谷物浆,之后使用湿法超微粉碎制成细腻的胚芽谷物浆;其中,湿法超微粉碎采用高压均质或者高能湿法球磨;高压均质的工艺参数为:控制均质温度为50~60℃,于压强为40Mpa、20Mpa下均质两次;高能湿法球磨的工艺参数为:使用直径为0.5mm氧化锆磨珠,料珠比为400:740g/g,转速1000~3000rpm,研磨时间为1~1.5h;
3)胚芽谷物浆干燥:以胚芽谷物浆为原料,干燥制成不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片;
4)配方调配:将所得的不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片按一定比例进行调配,并加入营养调配剂、风味调节剂、稳定剂,之后包装成独立的小包装,得胚芽谷物包;将不同种类的水果干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得水果包;将不同种类的蔬菜干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得蔬菜包;将不同种类的坚果依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得坚果包;其中,胚芽谷物、水果干、蔬菜干和坚果的调配过程采用线性或非线性规划计算最优配方;
5)包装:取步骤(3)制得的胚芽谷物包与步骤(4)制得的水果包、蔬菜包、坚果包四个独立小包装置于一个包装中,赋码,装箱后即可。
实施例7
一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
1)谷物干燥:以糙米种子为原料,采用实施例2的方法对谷物种子进行谷芽催生,之后将谷物干燥,得不同种类的胚芽谷物;
2)微细化:于胚芽谷物中加入清水,制成固形物质量浓度为5%~30%的胚芽谷物浆,之后使用高能湿法球磨粉碎制成细腻的胚芽谷物浆;其中,高能湿法球磨的工艺参数为:使用直径为0.5mm氧化锆磨珠,料珠比为400:740g/g,转速1000~3000rpm,研磨时间为1~1.5h;
3)胚芽谷物浆干燥:以胚芽谷物浆为原料,干燥制成不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片;
4)配方调配:将所得的不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片按一定比例进行调配,并加入营养调配剂、风味调节剂、稳定剂,之后包装成独立的小包装,得胚芽谷物包;将不同种类的水果干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得水果包;将不同种类的蔬菜干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得蔬菜包;将不同种类的坚果依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得坚果包;其中,胚芽谷物、水果干、蔬菜干和坚果的调配过程采用线性或非线性规划计算最优配方;
5)包装:取步骤(3)制得的胚芽谷物包与步骤(4)制得的水果包、蔬菜包、坚果包四个独立小包装置于一个包装中,赋码,装箱后即可。
实施例8
高能湿法球磨不同时间对发芽糙米浆的粒度的影响。
采用实施例6的方法制备谷芽营养食品,其中分别控制高能湿法球磨的时间为0h、0.5h、1h、1.5h、2h,检测不同高能湿法球磨处理时间下发芽糙米浆的粒度,结果见表3。
表3不同粉碎时间的发芽糙米浆的粒度变
由表3可知,经高能湿法球磨处理后,发芽糙米浆的粒径得到明显降低,并且沉淀现象逐渐减少,入口口感也由粗糙有渣滓感变成柔滑细腻,高能湿法球磨最优处理时间为1~1.5h。
实施例9
采用实施例7制备的发芽糙米粉与干法粉碎制备的发芽糙米粉的水合性能比较结果见表4。其中,干法粉碎的工艺如下:将发芽糙米用刀片式粉碎机进行干法粉碎,粉碎频率为40Hz,粉碎时间为2min,粉碎结束后,过80目筛得到对照组。
表4不同粉碎时间的发芽糙米浆的粒度变化变化
水合性能 | 吸水指数/% | 水溶性指数/% |
对照组 | 207.3 | 3.2 |
发芽糙米粉 | 330.7 | 36.7 |
由表4可知,经过高能湿法球磨和喷雾干燥制得的发芽糙米粉,水合性能大大增强,吸水指数和水溶性指数均有所提高,营养素溶出量也大大增加。
实施例10
采用本发明方法制备谷芽营养食品,其按照养颜瘦身的健康需求,依据线性或非线性规划计算原则,设计了以下配方(见表5),其主要营养成分如表6所示:
表5本实施例中胚芽谷物饮料各主要组分的配方
表6本实例中胚芽谷物饮料各组分的营养成分表
实施例11
采用本发明方法制备谷芽营养食品,其按照健脑益智护眼的营养需求,依据线性或非线性规划计算原则,设计了以下配方(见表7),其主要营养成分如表8所示:
表7本实例中胚芽谷物饮料各主要组分的配方
表8本实例中胚芽谷物饮料各组分的营养成分表
实施例12
采用本发明方法制备谷芽营养食品,其按照预防三高(高血压、高血脂、高血糖)的健康需求,依据线性或非线性规划计算原则,设计了以下配方(见表9),其主要营养成分如表10所示:
表9本实例中胚芽谷物饮料各组分的营养成分表
表10本实例中胚芽谷物饮料各组分的营养成分表
实施例13
采用本发明方法制备谷芽营养食品,其按照养胃、增强免疫力的健康需求,依据线性或非线性规划计算原则,设计了以下配方(见表11),其主要营养成分如表12所示:
表11本实例中胚芽谷物饮料各主要组分的配方
表12本实例中胚芽谷物饮料各组分的营养成分表
Claims (6)
1.一种谷芽催生的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1) 种子激活:将谷物种子去除杂质,并用臭氧水消毒,然后使用种子激活液进行浸泡,之后对谷物种子进行高频电场处理;所述种子激活液的配方为:氯化钠10~30 g,硫酸锰0.3~0.8 g,赤霉素0.05~0.2 g,纤维素酶0.3~0.8 g,水1000 g;所述高频电场处理的条件为:频率10~30 MC,场强100~300 V/cm,处理时间20~80 s;
2) 营养调理:将经过激活的谷物种子在湿度为90%、温度为20~40℃的黑暗条件下发芽10~24 h,期间每隔2~6 h向谷物表面喷洒营养喷剂,待芽长达到0.5~2.0 mm时停止发芽;所述营养喷剂含有以下浓度的成分:可溶性壳聚糖0.25 g/L,复合菌株0.01~0.04 g/100g,游离态单糖0.2 g/L,维生素0.02 g/100g,氨基酸0.05 g/100g,有机酸5 mmol/L,氯化钠0.1 g/L,L-谷氨酸单钠0.45 g/L、硫酸锌0.1 g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.001 g/L、氯化钙1 g/L;所述复合菌株包括卡斯特酒香酵母ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌ZSM-002、米根霉ZSM-003、米根霉ZSM-004和根霉ZSM-005;所述复合菌株中,卡斯特酒香酵母ZSM-001、植物乳杆菌ZSM-002、米根霉ZSM-003、米根霉ZSM-004和根霉ZSM-005按质量计的比例为2:5:3:3:2。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种谷芽催生的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)种子激活步骤中,使用种子激活液进行浸泡的条件为:浸泡温度25~35℃,浸泡时间4~10 h。
3.一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)谷物干燥:以不同种类的谷物种子为原料,采用权利要求1~2任一所述方法对谷物种子进行谷芽催生,之后将谷物干燥,得不同种类的胚芽谷物;
2)微细化:于胚芽谷物中加入清水,制成固形物质量浓度为5%~30%的胚芽谷物浆,之后使用湿法超微粉碎制成细腻的胚芽谷物浆;
3)胚芽谷物浆干燥:以胚芽谷物浆为原料,干燥制成不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片;
4)配方调配:将所得的不同种类的胚芽谷物粉或胚芽谷物片按一定比例进行调配,并加入营养调配剂、风味调节剂、稳定剂,之后包装成独立的小包装,得胚芽谷物包;将不同种类的水果干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得水果包;将不同种类的蔬菜干依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得蔬菜包;将不同种类的坚果依据营养或口味需求,按一定比例调配后独立包装,得坚果包;
5)包装:取步骤(3)制得的胚芽谷物包与步骤(4)制得的水果包、蔬菜包、坚果包四个独立小包装置于一个包装中,赋码,装箱后即可。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,其特征在于所述谷物种子包括糙米、薏仁米、小米、燕麦、小麦、大麦、荞麦、青稞、黄豆、绿豆、黑豆中的一种或多种;所述水果干包括蔓越莓干、蓝莓干、猕猴桃干、芒果干、苹果干、香蕉干、黄桃干、柠檬干中的一种或多种;所述蔬菜干包括胡萝卜干、高丽菜干、秋葵干、黄瓜干、豆角干、马铃薯干、西红柿干中的一种或多种;所述坚果包括榛子、杏仁、腰果、核桃、南瓜子、花生、葵花子、开心果、松子中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中的湿法超微粉碎采用高压均质或者高能湿法球磨;所述高压均质的工艺参数为:控制均质温度为50~60℃,于压强为40 Mpa、20 Mpa下均质两次;所述高能湿法球磨的工艺参数为:使用直径为0.5 mm氧化锆磨珠,料珠比为400:740 g/g,转速1000~3000 rpm,研磨时间为1~1.5 h。
6.如权利要求3~5任一所述的一种谷芽营养食品的加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4) 配方调配中,胚芽谷物、水果干、蔬菜干和坚果的调配过程采用线性或非线性规划计算最优配方。
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