CN111820419A - 靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物 - Google Patents
靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物,属于合生元组合物制剂产品开发领域,所述组合物中包含的益生菌106~1010cfu/g,质量百分比为30~60%益生元,质量百分比为17~37%脱脂乳粉,质量百分比为4.5~10%的海藻糖,质量百分比为4.5~10%的γ‑聚谷氨酸和质量百分比为3~6%的甘油;质量百分比为5~10%果蔬粉。本发明的组合物能够靶向提高人体中艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的丰度水平,具有改善肠道菌群结构,调节肠道微生态,促进机体健康的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合生元组合物制剂产品开发领域,具体涉及基于半乳甘露聚糖和褐藻寡糖复合益生元,开发一种用于提高肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的合生元组合物的制备方法,以及该组合物在调节肠道菌群方面的应用。
背景技术
益生菌是指可以通过改善宿主肠道内微生物菌群平衡,并有益于改善宿主的健康和生理功能的一类活的微生物。研究表明,肠道中益生菌(如双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、嗜黏蛋白艾克曼菌、丁酸梭菌等)的增殖和代谢可以改善肠道微生态环境,抑制病原菌,修复结肠损伤,提高机体免疫力,降低胆固醇和血糖以及促进肠道蠕动。目前,益生菌作为一种新型功能性添加成分,被运用于发酵乳、乳酸菌饮料、益生菌固体饮料、保健食品和乳粉等产品。
益生菌在宿主肠道内的定植需要达到一定的数量水平,才能有效发挥其益生功能,参与机体的代谢调控。这就要求益生菌活菌制剂及相关的产品要保证在生产和消费过程中菌体存活数量不得低于106CFU/mL。然而,益生菌产品中的活菌稳定性在加工和贮藏过程中受氧气,温度,水分活度等环境因素影响。同时,菌体难以耐受机体消化道的胃酸和胆汁盐溶液的酸性环境以及消化酶。导致了益生菌产品最终到达肠道靶点的活菌数量低,难以实现其益生活性。
益生元作为肠道益生菌的发酵底物,体内外实验验证了通过补充益生元有利于肠道菌群中益生菌的增殖,其代谢产物短链脂肪酸(如乙酸,乳酸,丁酸)作为结肠细胞的能源物质可改善肠道功能并且保护肠道屏障。在合生元中,益生元与益生菌复合,为益生菌在宿主体内定植提供了能量来源的同时提高了益生菌的抗逆能力。另外,由于益生菌对底物偏好性差异,通过多种益生元的复合,提高益生菌丰度的同时提高了肠道菌群微生物多样性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌功能的组合物,含有益生菌和半乳甘露聚糖-褐藻寡糖的复合合生元组合物,该组合物包含益生菌,半乳甘露聚糖-褐藻寡糖益生元,菌体保护剂和果蔬粉。双歧杆菌、乳酸菌和丁酸梭菌作为益生菌成分,加入常规的保护剂制备成合生元组合物。一方面,利用两种益生元对靶向菌群益生效果的互补性,充分发挥益生元组分对益生菌的增殖作用;另一方面,也提高了所补充的益生菌对机体内外环境的耐受能力,保证菌体在肠道中定植的数量,以达到合生元调节肠道功能的作用。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物,所述组合物中包含的益生菌106~1010cfu/g,含有双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria),乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria)和丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)中至少一种作为益生菌;
所述组合物中益生元占质量百分比为30~60%:含有1~10kDa半乳甘露聚糖与DP2~4褐藻寡糖,其质量比为2:1;
所述组合物中含有菌体保护剂:脱脂乳粉质量百分比为17~37%,质量百分比为4.5~10%的海藻糖,质量百分比为4.5~10%的γ-聚谷氨酸和质量百分比为3~6%的甘油;
所述组合物中含有质量百分比为5~10%果蔬粉作为辅料。
进一步,所述的双歧杆菌种可选择短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和/或乳双歧杆菌;乳酸菌菌种选择戊糖片球菌;产丁酸菌选择丁酸梭菌。
进一步,所述的半乳甘露聚糖,来源于瓜尔豆胶粉在酸性条件下的酶解产物;酶解液经乙醇沉淀分级,超滤膜分离,得到分子量1~10kDa的半乳甘露聚糖液;糖液浓缩,干燥后制得半乳甘露聚糖粉。有利于产丁酸菌和双歧杆菌的增殖。
进一步,所述的褐藻寡糖,来源于海带褐藻胶在褐藻胶裂解酶作用下的酶解产物;有利于嗜黏蛋白艾克曼菌(Akkermansiamuciniphila)和乳酸菌的增殖。
本发明还提供所述组合物的制备方法,所述方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)单菌株在最适条件下发酵培养到稳定期,得到浓度106~108cfu/mL的菌液;
(2)将菌液以6500-7500rpm进行离心6~10min,分离去除培养液,得到浓缩菌泥;
(3)向所获得的浓缩菌泥中依次添加菌体保护剂和益生元充分混合,得到混合菌液;
(4)将步骤(3)获得混合菌液分段式低温预冻:-10~-18℃,2-4h;-80~-75℃,1-2h;预冻后,使用真空冷冻干燥机真空度0.095-0.01Mpa,-30~-45℃进行冻干处理24~48h得到冻干粉;
(5)将果蔬粉与(4)所获得的冻干粉充分混合,最终得到所述的组合物。
本发明菌体保护剂中添加了γ-聚谷氨酸(PGA,200~400kDa)。研究表明γ-PGA具有抗冻性,可用于食品中作为冷冻保护剂,也可用于益生菌的冻干保护。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果:
本发明的合生元组合物能够靶向提高人体中艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的丰度水平,具有改善肠道菌群结构,调节肠道微生态,促进机体健康的作用。
附图说明
图1实施例4GMPS+AOS发酵益生菌菌株生长;
图2实施例4GMPS+AOS发酵益生菌短链脂肪酸产量;
图3实施例5合生元对肠道菌群中促产丁酸梭菌科(Clostridiaceae_1)、双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)、乳酸杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)和艾克曼菌属(Akkermansia)的影响的差异。其中,合生元(G+A):半乳甘露聚糖(GMPS)和褐藻寡糖(AOS);合生元(M+A):甘露聚糖(MOS)和褐藻寡糖(AOS);合生元(G):单一半乳甘露聚糖;合生元(M):甘露聚糖;合生元(A):褐藻寡糖;control:空白对照组。
图4实施例5合生元发酵后肠道菌群中乳酸和丁酸产量。
具体实施方案
本实施例公开组合物可以配制成一岁以上儿童和成年人服用的益生菌固体饮料或压片。
本实施例所公开的内容为更好的理解本发明的技术方案,这些实例旨在说明而非限制性的。
实施例中所涉及到的短双歧杆菌(ZKCC-206)、两歧双歧杆菌(CICC-6071)、乳双歧杆菌(ZKCC-169)、戊糖片球菌(ZKCC-925)、丁酸梭菌(ZKCC-676)均为标准菌株采购自北京中科质检生物技术有限公司。
实施例1
组合物的各种组分以占组合物的质量百分比计:
(1)组合物中添加的益生菌选择短双歧杆菌约108cfu/g,戊糖片球菌约108cfu/g,丁酸梭菌约5×106cfu/g;
(2)组合物中含有30%瓜尔豆胶来源的低分子量半乳甘露聚糖(1~10kDa)与15%褐藻胶酶解来源的褐藻寡糖(DP 2~4)作为益生元;
(3)组合物中含有菌体保护剂:脱脂乳粉22%,海藻糖7%,γ-聚谷氨酸8%和甘油5%;
(4)组合物中含有柳橙粉3%,蔓越莓粉4%作为辅料。
合生元制备工艺:
(1)两歧双歧杆菌和戊糖片球菌接入灭菌后的MRS培养基中,丁酸梭菌接入RCM液体培养基中37℃静置培养24h,活化菌种;
(2)将活化后的菌液分别以1:50的比例转接入扩大体系的MRS或RCM液体培养基,在厌氧发酵罐中37℃纯培养24h;
(3)将发酵液液以7500rpm进行离心6min,分离去除培养液,得到三个菌株的浓缩菌泥后,将短双歧杆菌/戊糖片球菌/丁酸梭菌的菌泥混合;
(4)向所获得的混合菌泥中依次添加菌体保护剂和益生元充分混合,搅拌的转速为20r/min,搅拌的时间为40min;
(5)再经分段式低温预冻:18℃,2h;75℃,2h。预冻后,使用真空冷冻干燥机45℃进行冻干处理,48h得到合生元的冻干粉;
(6)将果蔬粉与(4)所获得的冻干粉按柳橙粉/蔓越莓粉/冻干粉质量比为3:4:93充分混合,转速为45r/min,搅拌的时间为10min,最终得到所述的组合物中含有短双歧杆菌约108cfu/g,戊糖片球菌约108cfu/g,丁酸梭菌约5×106cfu/g。
实施例2
合生元的组分以占组合物的质量百分比计:
(1)组合物中添加的益生菌选择乳双歧杆菌约5×107cfu/g,两歧双歧杆菌约5×107cfu/g,丁酸梭菌约107cfu/g;
(2)组合物中含有32%瓜尔豆胶来源的低分子量半乳甘露聚糖(1~10kDa)与16%褐藻胶酶解来源的褐藻寡糖(DP 2~4)作为益生元;
(3)组合物中含有菌体保护剂:脱脂乳粉23%,海藻糖7%,γ-聚谷氨酸7%和甘油5%;
(4)组合物中含有南瓜粉7%作为辅料。
合生元的制备工艺:
(1)乳双歧杆菌接入灭菌后的MRS培养基中,丁酸梭菌接入RCM培养基中静置培养24h,活化菌种;
(2)将活化后的菌液分别以1:50的比例转接入扩大体系的MRS或RCM液体培养基,在厌氧发酵罐中37℃纯培养24h;
(3)将发酵液液以7500rpm进行离心6min,分离去除培养液,得到三个菌株的浓缩菌泥后,将乳双歧杆菌/两歧双歧杆菌/丁酸梭菌的菌泥混合;
(4)向所获得的混合菌泥中依次添加菌体保护剂和益生元充分混合,搅拌的转速为20r/min,搅拌的时间为40min;
(5)将混合菌液分段式低温预冻:-10℃,4h;-75℃,2h。预冻后,使用真空冷冻干燥机--40℃进行冻干处理,30h得到组合物的冻干粉;
(6)将果蔬粉与(4)所获得的冻干粉充分混合,按质量比7:93,转速为40r/min,搅拌的时间为15min,最终得到所述的组合物中乳双歧杆菌约5×107cfu/g,两歧双歧杆菌约5×107cfu/g,丁酸梭菌约107cfu/g。
实施例3:纯菌株合生元制剂
组合物的质量百分比计:
(1)组合物中选择的菌株为:短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、乳双歧杆菌、戊糖片球菌或丁酸梭菌中的一株,所添加的益生菌分别为108cfu/g;
(2)组合物中含有34%瓜尔豆胶来源的半乳甘露聚糖(1~10kDa)与17%褐藻胶酶解来源的褐藻寡糖(DP 2~4)作为益生元;
(3)含有菌体保护剂:脱脂乳粉20%,海藻糖6%,γ-聚谷氨酸6%和甘油5%。;
合生元的制备工艺:
(1)短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌或乳双歧杆菌和戊糖片球菌接入灭菌后的MRS培养基中,丁酸梭菌接入RCM培养基中静置培养24h,活化菌种;
(2)将活化后的菌液分别以1:50的比例转接入扩大体系的MRS液体培养基,在厌氧发酵罐中37℃纯培养20h,控制各菌株发酵液菌体浓度一致;
(3)将发酵液以7500rpm进行离心10min,分离去除培养液,得到菌泥;
(4)向所获得的纯菌菌泥中依次添加菌体保护剂和益生元充分混合,搅拌的转速为30r/min,搅拌的时间为40min;
(5)将混合菌液分段式低温预冻:-18℃,4h;-75℃,2h。预冻后,使用真空冷冻干燥机-45℃进行冻干处理,48h得到合生元的冻干粉最终得到所述的纯菌株合生元组合物中分别含有益生菌为108cfu/g。
实施例4:半乳甘露聚糖-褐藻寡糖(GMPS+AOS)对益生菌生长代谢的影响
为探究益生元对益生菌在体外模拟肠道厌氧体系中的益生效果,基于实施例3制备所获得的含有短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、乳双歧杆菌、戊糖片球菌、丁酸梭菌其中一种菌株的单菌株合生元组合物进行体外纯培养,通过检测发酵后菌株生长,代谢产酸和底物降解情况,分析复合益生元对菌株的益生效果。改良YCFA发酵培养基中添加1.5%(w/v)的复合益生元,半乳甘露聚糖(GMPS)-褐藻寡糖(AOS),且两者的质量比为2:1,培养基初始pH7.5±0.2。将配置好的发酵培养基分装至厌氧小瓶再用N2除氧。同时,以甘露聚糖作为阳性对照,分别发酵各个菌株,菌株接入量为106~107cfu/mL。除益生菌菌株外,对比对致病菌埃希氏大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)的影响。37℃发酵培养50h,分别取0、10、20、30、50h的发酵液进行分析。分别测定各个时刻的菌液OD600并绘制生长曲线(图1),测定发酵液的pH变化(表1),表明GMPS+AOS对益生菌具有有效的增殖效果,在发酵过程中可迅速降低肠道环境中pH,有助于抑制肠道有害菌增殖。使用Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪,匹配紫外检测器,利用日本Shodex KC-811有机酸柱分析发酵液中短链脂肪酸产物组成(图2)。分析结果证实GMPS+AOS发酵能够促肠道菌群短链脂肪酸产生,在戊糖片球菌、短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和乳双歧杆菌中短链脂肪酸产生总量高于甘露聚糖阳性对照组。
实施例5:合生元组合物对肠道菌群的影响
为探究合生制剂对肠道菌群的影响,在体外模拟肠道厌氧体系中,利用人类粪便来源肠道菌群发酵实施例1中所制备的合生制剂,关注发酵后菌群中典型益生菌的丰度变化。
采用实施例1中的制备工艺以及各组分添加量,制备不同合生元。除实施例1中合生元GMPS+AOS组合外,四个对照组中将益生元组分分别替换为(组合物的质量百分数):32%甘露聚糖(MOS)+16%褐藻寡糖(AOS),以及48%半乳甘露聚糖(GMPS),48%MOS和48%AOS。对比不同合生元条件下对菌群影响的差异性。
YCFA发酵培养基使用N2进行除氧,并分装至厌氧小瓶。发酵初始pH 7.5±0.2。新鲜人体粪便用PBS稀释为悬液,以1.5%(v/v)接种量接入厌氧小瓶。37℃发酵48h。并且设置无添加组为空白组。收集0,12,24,36h发酵液,进一步分析0,24,48h的短链脂肪酸产量。利用Hiseq高通量测序平台,对24h的发酵液进行16S rRNA菌群多样性分析,对比肠道菌群丰度的变化。结果显示,半乳甘露聚糖和褐藻寡糖复合后的合生元组合物干预后促进肠道产丁酸菌增殖,典型产乳酸菌——双歧杆菌、乳杆菌增殖,以及艾克曼菌(Akkermansia)增殖,如图3。由图4可知,实施例1的合生元干预后,菌群代谢产乳酸和丁酸能力提高。重要的是,半乳甘露聚糖和褐藻寡糖复合组对菌群丰度提高和代谢产酸的促进作用优于本实施例中的其他益生元组分添加组。说明半乳甘露聚糖和褐藻寡糖复合后的合生元组合物,对肠道短链脂肪酸产生菌尤其是产乳酸和产丁酸益生菌具有益生作用,可以更有效的改善肠道菌群,调节肠道环境。
按照上述方法对实施例2和实施例3的效果进行了验证,应用效果同实施例1。
Claims (5)
1.一种靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物,其特征在于所述组合物中包含的益生菌106~1010cfu/g,含有双歧杆菌,乳酸菌和丁酸梭菌中至少一种作为益生菌;
所述组合物中益生元占质量百分比为30~60%:含有1~10kDa半乳甘露聚糖与DP 2~4褐藻寡糖,两者质量比为2:1;
所述组合物中含有菌体保护剂:脱脂乳粉质量百分比为17~37%,质量百分比为4.5~10%的海藻糖,质量百分比为4.5~10%的γ-聚谷氨酸和质量百分比为3~6%的甘油;
所述组合物中含有质量百分比为5~10%果蔬粉作为辅料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物,其特征在于所述的双歧杆菌种为短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和/或乳双歧杆菌;乳酸菌菌为戊糖片球菌;产丁酸菌为丁酸梭菌。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物,其特征在于所述的半乳甘露聚糖分子量1~10kDa,来源于瓜尔豆胶粉在酸性条件下的酶解产物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种靶向调控肠道艾克曼菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的组合物,其特征在于所述的褐藻寡糖,来源于海带褐藻胶在褐藻胶裂解酶作用下的酶解产物。
5.权利要求1-4任何一项所述组合物的制备方法,所述方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)单菌株在最适条件下发酵培养到稳定期,得到浓度106~108cfu/mL的菌液;
(2)将菌液以6500-7500rpm进行离心6~10min,分离去除培养液,得到浓缩菌泥;
(3)向所获得的浓缩菌泥中依次添加菌体保护剂和益生元充分混合,得到混合菌液;
(4)将步骤(3)获得混合菌液分段式低温预冻:-10~-18℃,2-4h;-80~-75℃,1-2h;预冻后,使用真空冷冻干燥机真空度0.095-0.01Mpa,-30~-45℃进行冻干处理24~48h得到冻干粉;
(5)将果蔬粉与步骤(4)所获得的冻干粉充分混合,最终得到所述的组合物。
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