CN111820094A - Planting method for shortening breeding period of green Chinese onions - Google Patents
Planting method for shortening breeding period of green Chinese onions Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820094A CN111820094A CN202010725334.0A CN202010725334A CN111820094A CN 111820094 A CN111820094 A CN 111820094A CN 202010725334 A CN202010725334 A CN 202010725334A CN 111820094 A CN111820094 A CN 111820094A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of green Chinese onion breeding. The invention provides a planting method for shortening a breeding cycle of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) breeding the small stock plant: sowing seeds from 10 days at 6 months to 20 days at 6 months, planting the seeds in 9 months, and harvesting seeds in 4 months in the next year; (2) and (3) identifying the large stock plant: sowing seeds from 20 days in 4 months to 30 days in 4 months, planting in 6 months, and harvesting and testing seeds in 11 months. The traditional breeding process comprises sowing seeds in 9 months or 4 months of the next year of seed harvesting, planting in 6 months, harvesting test seeds in 10 months, planting selected excellent plants in 11 months, harvesting seeds in 6 months of the third year, and taking three years for 1 generation. The breeding method only needs less than two years, greatly shortens the breeding time of the green Chinese onions, and improves the breeding efficiency of the green Chinese onions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green Chinese onion breeding, in particular to a planting method for shortening a breeding period of green Chinese onions.
Background
The cultivation areas of green Chinese onions in the world are mainly concentrated in China and east Asia, and are mainly divided into Chinese ecotypes and Japanese ecotypes. In addition to the great contribution of China to the breeding work of the green Chinese onions, Japan and Korea also make good results on the breeding work of the green Chinese onions. Modern breeding research of Japanese and Korean scallion is earlier than that of China, and the modern breeding research of Japanese and Korean scallion is superior to that of China in the aspects of breeding theory, breeding method, seed storage, processing, new variety research and breeding and the like. The excellent continuous variety suitable for local breeding is characterized by high uniformity, dark green leaf color, thick leaf surface wax powder layer, firm leaves, wind resistance, lodging resistance, multiple functional leaves, thick pseudostems, strong winter property, good storage resistance and suitability for mechanized operation.
The breeding of Chinese green Chinese onions is one of weak links of vegetable breeding for a long time, and the process lags behind other vegetables. The number of breeding units is small, the number of breeding personnel is small, and only 7 scientific research units develop the breeding research of the green Chinese onions at present. At present, all varieties are bred by adopting a traditional method in production, and local varieties or improved lines thereof are still dominant in production. Generally, the screening of only one generation needs to be carried out for three years, which is time-consuming, and a quick breeding method of the green Chinese onions is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for shortening the breeding period of green Chinese onions, shorten the breeding time of the green Chinese onions and improve the breeding efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a planting method for shortening a breeding cycle of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding the small stock plant: sowing seeds from 10 days at 6 months to 20 days at 6 months, planting the seeds in 9 months, and harvesting seeds in 4 months in the next year;
(2) and (3) identifying the large stock plant: sowing seeds from 20 days in 4 months to 30 days in 4 months, planting in 6 months, and harvesting and testing seeds in 11 months.
Preferably, the amount of the seeds used per mu in the sowing in the step (1) is 2-3 kg.
Preferably, the time for permanent planting in the step (1) is 9 months and 10 days to 9 months and 20 days.
Preferably, the row spacing of the green Chinese onions during planting in the step (1) is 4-6 cm, and the planting amount per mu is 1.9-2.2 ten thousand.
Preferably, the plant is planted in a greenhouse or a greenhouse in the step (1).
Preferably, the temperature in the greenhouse or the shed is 5-30 ℃.
Preferably, the time for harvesting the seeds in the step (1) is 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 30 days.
Preferably, the time for permanent planting in the step (2) is 6 months and 20 days to 6 months and 30 days.
Preferably, the planting distance in the planting in the step (2) is 7-9 cm, and the planting amount per mu is 1.4-1.6 ten thousand.
Preferably, the time for harvesting the test seeds in the step (2) is 11 months and 20 days to 11 months and 30 days.
The invention provides a planting method for shortening a breeding cycle of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) breeding the small stock plant: sowing seeds from 10 days at 6 months to 20 days at 6 months, planting the seeds in 9 months, and harvesting seeds in 4 months in the next year; (2) and (3) identifying the large stock plant: sowing seeds from 20 days in 4 months to 30 days in 4 months, planting in 6 months, and harvesting and testing seeds in 11 months. The traditional breeding process comprises the steps of seedling raising in 9 months or 4 months in the next year of seed harvesting, field planting in 6 months, seed testing in 10 months, excellent plants selected in field planting in 11 months, and seed harvesting in 6 months in the third year, wherein three years are needed for completing 1 generation. The breeding method of the application only needs less than two years for the whole breeding period by sowing the large stock plant identification and the small stock plant in the same year, greatly shortens the breeding time of the green Chinese onions, and improves the breeding efficiency of the green Chinese onions.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a planting method for shortening a breeding cycle of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding the small stock plant: sowing seeds from 10 days at 6 months to 20 days at 6 months, planting the seeds in 9 months, and harvesting seeds in 4 months in the next year;
(2) and (3) identifying the large stock plant: sowing seeds from 20 days in 4 months to 30 days in 4 months, planting in 6 months, and harvesting and testing seeds in 11 months.
The invention preferably divides the scallion seeds into a retention group, a small stock plant propagation group and a large stock plant identification group, and the retention group is used for preventing the dead harvest and death of the sowed seeds caused by natural disasters, human factors and the like and preventing the extinction of germplasm resources and seed materials.
In the invention, the amount of the seeds used per mu in the sowing in the step (1) is preferably 2-3 kg, more preferably 2.2-2.8 kg, and still more preferably 2.5 kg.
In the present invention, the time for sowing in the step (1) is preferably 6 months 13 days to 6 months 17 days.
In the present invention, the time period of permanent planting in step (1) is preferably 9 months and 10 days to 9 months and 20 days, and more preferably 9 months and 13 days to 9 months and 17 days.
In the invention, the row spacing of the green Chinese onions during planting in the step (1) is preferably 4-6 cm, more preferably 4.5-5.5 cm, and still more preferably 5 cm.
In the invention, the planting amount per mu in the planting in the step (1) is preferably 1.9-2.2 ten thousand plants, and more preferably 2.0-2.1 ten thousand plants.
In the invention, the plant is preferably planted in a greenhouse or a greenhouse in the step (1).
In the invention, the temperature in the greenhouse or the greenhouse is preferably 5-30 ℃, more preferably 10-25 ℃, and still more preferably 15-20 ℃.
In the invention, the time for harvesting the seeds in the step (1) is preferably 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 30 days, and more preferably 4 months and 20-4 months and 25 days.
In the present invention, the time for sowing in the step (2) is preferably 4 months 23 days to 4 months 27 days.
In the present invention, the time period of permanent planting in step (2) is preferably 6 months and 20 days to 6 months and 30 days, and more preferably 6 months and 23 days to 6 months and 27 days.
In the invention, the plant spacing during planting in the step (2) is preferably 7-9 cm, more preferably 7.5-8.5 cm, and still more preferably 8 cm.
In the present invention, the amount of permanent planting per mu in the step (2) is preferably 1.4 to 1.6 ten thousand plants, and more preferably 1.5 ten thousand plants.
In the present invention, the step (2) is preferably performed by planting in open fields.
In the present invention, the time for harvesting the test species in the step (2) is preferably 11 months and 20 days to 11 months and 30 days, and more preferably 11 months and 23 days to 11 months and 27 days.
In the present invention, the content of the large stock plant identification group in the step (2) is preferably: whether tillering, height of adult plant, length and character of pseudostem, plant width, weight of single plant leaf, weight of single plant, strength of root system, leaf spread angle, leaf straightness, leaf posture, leaf length, leaf transverse diameter, leaf color, leaf surface wax powder, leaf compactness, pseudostem color, pseudostem anthocyanin color, pseudostem curvature, pseudostem transverse diameter, pseudostem transverse section, pseudostem flesh color and pseudostem compactibility.
The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Experimental example 1
The small stock plant is sowed in 2018 in 12 th 6 th month, and planted in a greenhouse in 11 th 9 th month, the planting distance of the green Chinese onions is 4cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 2.2 ten thousand plants, the temperature is 30 ℃, the seeds are basically mature in 22 th 4 th month in 2019, the seeds are harvested, and the small stock plant propagation is completed; the large stock plant is identified to be sown in 2018 in 20 days of 4 months and field planted in 20 days of 6 months, the plant spacing is 7cm during field planting, the field planting amount per mu is 1.6 ten thousand plants, and the test seeds are harvested in 21 days of 11 months.
Experimental example 2
The small stock plant is sowed 6 and 16 days in 2018, the seeds are planted in a greenhouse 15 in 9 months, the planting distance of the green Chinese onions is 5cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 2.1 ten thousand plants, the temperature is 15 ℃, the seeds are basically mature 25 days in 2019 and 4 months, the seeds are harvested, and the small stock plant breeding is completed; the large stock plant is identified to be sown in 2018 in 26 days 4 and 6 months and planted in 27 days, the plant spacing is 8cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 1.5 ten thousand plants, and the test seeds are harvested in 25 days 11 and 25 days.
Experimental example 3
The small stock plant is sowed in 2018 in 20 days of 6 months, the seeds are planted in a greenhouse in 18 months, the planting distance of the green Chinese onions is 6cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 1.9 ten thousand plants, the temperature is 10 ℃, the seeds are basically mature in 2019 in 30 days of 4 months, the seeds are harvested, and the small stock plant breeding is completed; the large stock plant is identified to be sown in 2018 in 29 days 4 and 6 days 6 and 28 days for field planting, the plant spacing is 9cm during field planting, the field planting amount per mu is 1.4 ten thousand plants, and the test seeds are harvested in 29 days 11 and 8.
Comparative example 1
The small stock plant is sowed in 2018 in 7 and 10 days, 10 and 15 days are planted in a greenhouse, the planting distance of the green Chinese onions is 5cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 2.1 ten thousand plants, the temperature is 15 ℃, the seeds are basically mature in 2019 in 5 and 20 days, the seeds are harvested, and the small stock plant breeding is completed; the large stock plant is identified to be sown in 2018 in 29 days 4 and 6 months, field planting is carried out in 28 days 6 and 8cm, the planting distance per mu is 1.5 ten thousand plants, and the test seeds are harvested in 29 days 11 and 8 months.
Comparative example 2
The small stock plant is sowed in 2018 in 16 th 6 th month, and planted in open field in 15 th 9 th month, the planting distance of the green Chinese onions is 5cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 2.1 ten thousand plants, the green Chinese onions are observed to be immature in 2019 in 30 th 4 th month, the seeds are basically mature in 20 th 6 th month in 2019, the seeds are harvested, and the small stock plant breeding is completed; the large stock plant is identified to be sown in 2018 in 26 days 4 and 6 months and planted in 27 days, the plant spacing is 8cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 1.5 ten thousand plants, and the seed test is harvested in 25 days 11 and 25 days.
Comparative example 3
The small stock plant is sowed 6 and 16 days in 2018, the seeds are planted in a greenhouse 15 in 9 months, the planting distance of the green Chinese onions is 5cm during planting, the planting amount per mu is 2.1 ten thousand plants, the temperature is 15 ℃, the seeds are basically mature 25 days in 2019 and 4 months, the seeds are harvested, and the small stock plant breeding is completed; the large stock plant is identified as being sown in 2018 in 5-month and 30-day period, and field planting in 7-month and 27-day period, the plant spacing is 8cm during field planting, the field planting amount per mu is 1.5 ten thousand plants, the growth of the green Chinese onion stops in the early 11-month period, but the green Chinese onion is not mature, and the seed test can not be completed in the current year.
And (4) conclusion: the breeding process of the green Chinese onions, particularly the seeding time for the breeding of the small stock plants, can be influenced by inappropriate seeding time, planting environment and the like. For example, the small stock plant in comparative example 1 was seeded and the seed time delayed, resulting in a delayed harvest time of the next year's seeds. In comparative example 3, the seed harvest time is delayed, and the result affects the sowing of the large stock plant identification group in the current year, even the large stock plant identification group cannot complete the identification in the current year. According to the planting method, the large stock plant identification and the small stock plant are sowed in the same year, the sowing time, the temperature, the density and other conditions are controlled, the efficiency of green Chinese onion breeding is effectively improved, only less than two years are needed for 1 generation of breeding, and the breeding efficiency is remarkably improved.
From the above embodiments, the present invention provides a planting method for shortening a breeding cycle of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) breeding the small stock plant: sowing seeds from 10 days at 6 months to 20 days at 6 months, planting the seeds in 9 months, and harvesting seeds in 4 months in the next year; (2) and (3) identifying the large stock plant: sowing seeds from 20 days in 4 months to 30 days in 4 months, planting in 6 months, and harvesting and testing seeds in 11 months. The traditional breeding process comprises the steps of seedling raising in 9 months or 4 months in the next year of seed harvesting, field planting in 6 months, seed testing in 10 months, excellent plants selected in field planting in 11 months, and seed harvesting in 6 months in the third year, wherein three years are needed for completing 1 generation. The breeding method of the application only needs less than two years for the whole breeding period by sowing the large stock plant identification and the small stock plant in the same year, greatly shortens the breeding time of the green Chinese onions, and improves the breeding efficiency of the green Chinese onions.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method for shortening a breeding cycle of green Chinese onions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding the small stock plant: sowing seeds from 10 days at 6 months to 20 days at 6 months, planting the seeds in 9 months, and harvesting seeds in 4 months in the next year;
(2) and (3) identifying the large stock plant: sowing seeds from 20 days in 4 months to 30 days in 4 months, planting in 6 months, and harvesting and testing seeds in 11 months.
2. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the amount of seeds used per mu for sowing in step (1) is 2-3 kg.
3. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the planting time in the step (1) is 9 months and 10 days to 9 months and 20 days.
4. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of the green Chinese onions according to claim 3, wherein the planting distance of the green Chinese onions during planting in the step (1) is 4-6 cm, and the planting amount per mu is 1.9-2.2 ten thousand.
5. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 4, wherein the planting in step (1) is carried out in a greenhouse or a greenhouse.
6. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 5, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse or the shed is 5-30 ℃.
7. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the time for harvesting the seeds in the step (1) is 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 30 days.
8. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the planting time in the step (2) is 6 months and 20 days to 6 months and 30 days.
9. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 8, wherein the planting distance during planting in step (2) is 7-9 cm, and the planting amount per mu is 1.4-1.6 ten thousand.
10. The planting method for shortening the breeding cycle of green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the time for harvesting the test seeds in the step (2) is 11 months and 20 days to 11 months and 30 days.
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