CN109042204A - A method of shortening soybean growth cycle - Google Patents
A method of shortening soybean growth cycle Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for shortening soybean growth cycle.Method provided by the present invention is to remove seed into the pod of R7.0 phase from the pod of R6.0 phase, is then directly sowed.The pod of R6.0 phase is after pulse family plant reaches the full grain phase, and seed has just been full of the beanpod in pod wall kind cave.The pod of R7.0 phase is after pulse family plant reaches physiological maturity, and pod wall has just converted mature color, not yet returned round beanpod.This method can complete the plantation of a generation in a short time (in 90 days), greatly accelerate the generation process of crop, so as to shorten the breeding time limit, effectively improve breeding efficiency, accelerate breeding process.The present invention has great application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant breeding, and in particular to a method of shorten soybean growth cycle.
Background technique
Conventional cross-breeding is to be most widely used and effective crop breeding means, basic program are using between kind
Variation is created in the methods of hybridization, by being continuously selfed realization gene pure, the homozygote to suit the requirements is selected, to select new
The method of kind.During crossbreeding, after parents generate F1 generation, 4 to 5 generations of purifying need to be selfed, it could be to production
The important characters such as amount are selected, until selecting the strain for stablizing heredity, then carry out ore grade indexes and variety test, are had
There is the kind of specificity, consistency, stability and economic use value.It is combined to from preparing hybrid and declares authorization, breeding one
New Crop Varieties usually last 10 years or more, expend a large amount of human and material resources, and the kind of incubation also often lags behind production needs.
Therefore, accelerate breeding speed, shorten breeding cycle, improve breeding efficiency, be the significant problem of crossbreeding technology progress,
With great theoretical value and practical significance.
Soybean belongs to short day thermophilous, by artificial short day, high-temperature process, plucks the methods of pod in advance and can accelerate its development
Speed, but due to the higher cost of artificial regulatory illumination and temperature, breeding material planting scale is restricted, makes at artificial illumination and temperature
Reason method is not used widely in these soybean breeders.It is previous studies have shown that by reaching just grain in soybean plant strain
25 days after phase to pod is plucked before physiological maturity, then " 30-40 DEG C of temperature, dry in the shade under conditions of humidity≤30% " 5-10
It, sows again, can be obviously shortened the implantation time of a generation, provides possibility for soybean 1 year 4 generations of plantation.Although
In this way, the plantation of one generation of soybean at least needs 100-120 by Seed Propagation in Southern Winter and summer in breeding objective region breeding
It, is then still at least needed for 3 years could obtain pure lines material, along with subsequent Single-plant selection, the strain programs such as relatively,
It selects a kind and still needed to for seven, eight years.Therefore, there is an urgent need to find the growth characteristics that can make full use of plant, compared with
Shorten the method that crop early generation is selfed the homozygous time in the case of low investment, breeding efficiency is improved, to accelerate breeding process.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is shortening soybean growth cycle, to improve breeding efficiency, accelerate breeding process.
The present invention protects a kind of method for shortening leguminous plant growth cycle first, can be by planting still immature pulse family
Vegetable seeds is realized.
In the above method, " the still immature seeds of leguminous plant " can be removed from beanpod to be obtained.From beanpod
Removing still immature seeds of leguminous plant need to guarantee that seed cannot be injured, and especially embryo injured (if embryo is injured, then cannot plant
Son cannot germinate).
In the above method, the beanpod can for the R6.0 phase pod to the R7.0 phase pod (such as the pod of R6.0 phase, the R7.0 phase
Pod).
The pod of the R6.0 phase can be for after pulse family plant reaches the full grain phase, seed be just full of the beanpod in pod wall kind cave.
The pod of the R7.0 phase can be for after pulse family plant reaches physiological maturity, and pod wall has just converted mature color, not yet
The beanpod of Gui Yuan.
The full grain phase can for stem topmost 4 in the section of raw fully expanded leaves, in any one section in beanpod
That day in kind cave of the seed full of pod wall.
The physiological maturity can be that day for having a pod to reach mature on stem.
That day of color when the physiological maturity concretely has the color of a pod to reach maturation on stem.
Application of any of the above-described method in leguminous plant breeding also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Any of the above-described leguminous plant can be soybean.
Any of the above-described soybean can be soybean breeder material or soybean cultivars.
The kind of any of the above-described soybean concretely in Huang 70, middle yellow 909 or middle yellow 325.
The method provided by the present invention for shortening soybean growth cycle, be from after the full grain phase, physiological maturity it
Seed (i.e. the fresh grain of soybean) is removed in the beanpod of the leguminous plant in preceding period, is then directly sowed.(seed of removing is or not this method
By drying) plantation that a generation can be completed (in 90 days) within the shorter time, greatly accelerate generation of crop into
Journey effectively improves breeding efficiency so as to shorten the breeding time limit, accelerates breeding process.The present invention has great application value.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.Test material as used in the following examples is unless otherwise specified certainly
What routine biochemistry reagent shop was commercially available.Quantitative test in following embodiment is respectively provided with three repeated experiments, as a result makes even
Mean value.
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
The growth cycle of soybean is divided into two ranks of vegetative growth stage (V) and reproductive growth period (R) to bloom for boundary
Section.Reproductive growth period includes 8 timing nodes (R1.0 to R8.0 phase) again.Early flowering season (R1.0 phase): any section of stem
On have that day that the flowers are in blossom puts.Full-bloom stage (R2.0 phase): stem topmost it is any among 2 sections of raw fully expanded leaves
That day bloomed in one section.Pod phase beginning (R3.0 phase): stem topmost 4 in the section of raw fully expanded leaves, it is any
One section have length reach 5mm young pod that day.Full bloom pod phase (R4.0 phase): stem topmost 4 life be fully deployed
In the section of leaf, there is that day up to the pod of 2cm in any one section.The first grain phase (R5.0 phase): stem topmost 4 it is raw
In the section of fully expanded leaves, seed length reaches that day of 3mm in beanpod in any one section.Full grain phase (R6.0 phase): main
Stem topmost 4 in the section of raw fully expanded leaves, kind cave of the green seed full of pod wall in beanpod in any one section
That day.Physiological maturity (R7.0 phase): a pod reaches that day of normal color when maturation, physiological maturity on stem
The also referred to as first ripe phase.Full ripe stage (R8.0 phase): 95% beanpod reaches that day of normal mature color.
Period in embodiment, after the grain phase (R5.0 phase) at the beginning of the R5.5 phase refers to, before full grain phase (R6.0 phase).The R6.5 phase
Refer to the period after full grain phase (R6.0 phase), before physiological maturity (R7.0 phase).The R7.5 phase refer to physiological maturity after,
Period before full ripe stage.
In embodiment, the pod of R5.0 phase refers to after plant reaches the just grain phase (R5.0 phase), and seed diameter is that 3mm is below
Beanpod.The pod of R5.5 phase refers to that after plant reaches the just grain phase (R5.0 phase), seed diameter is greater than 3mm, is not yet full of pod wall kind
The beanpod in cave.The pod of R6.0 phase refers to that after plant reaches full grain phase (R6.0 phase), green seed is just full of pod wall kind cave
Beanpod.The pod of R6.5 phase refers to that after plant reaches full grain phase (R6.0 phase), green seed is full of pod wall kind cave, has begun
Convert the beanpod of mature color.The pod of R7.0 phase refers to that after plant reaches physiological maturity (R7.0 phase), pod wall just improves
It changes ripe color into, not yet return round beanpod.The pod of R7.5 phase refers to after plant reaches physiological maturity (R7.0 phase), has returned
The beanpod justified.
It is field planting in embodiment.Field planting parameter is equal are as follows: ridge culture, row spacing 70cm, row long 6m, spacing in the rows 5cm.It is real
The soybean culture applied in example is all made of Routine Management.
The method dried in the shade are as follows: and then " 30-40 DEG C of temperature, dry in the shade 12 days under conditions of humidity≤30% ", avoid sunlight
Direct projection.
Soybean growth cycle is shortened in embodiment 1, the live streaming of fresh grain
One, test material
The present inventor carries out breeding experiment using 3 soybean varieties as test material.
3 soybean varieties are specific as follows:
1, middle yellow 70 be Shandong Province's summer soybean conventional variety.Middle yellow 70 relevant information: scientific name Glycine max (L.)
Merr.；Authorization number: Lu Nong examines No. 2013021；Breeding unit: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science；
2, middle yellow 909 relevant information: scientific name Glycine max (L.) Merr., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's crop science are ground
Study carefully strain material, breeding objective area be the city Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Lun Beier；Its female parent is that Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences is black
The black 05-38 of New soybean lines of river branch breeding, male parent are that the soybean of Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science's breeding is new
Strain H03-50,2007 after the combination of sweet river preparing hybrid, plantation and comparation and assessment through 2008-2011, in 2012-2014
Participate in Yield test test.
3, middle yellow 325 relevant information: scientific name Glycine max (L.) Merr., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's crop science are ground
Study carefully strain material, breeding objective area be Xinxiang City, Henan Province；Its female parent is that Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's crop science is studied
Huang 301 (scientific name Glycine max (L.) Merr., authorization number: beans 2017002 are examined in Henan) in institute's breeding new varieties, during male parent is
Crop science research institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of state, which cultivates, makees X12605 in new lines, configure cross combination in Xinxiang base within 2012
Afterwards, plantation and comparation and assessment through 2013-2017, in participation Anhui Province's summer soybean varieties comparative test in 2018.
Two, test method
1, field design
Test is carried out in Hainan Province Sanya Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Sanya proving ground.
Corresponding pod (the i.e. pod of R5.0 phase, R5.5 are taken in R5.0 phase to the R7.5 phase of the plant of 3 soybean varieties respectively
The pod of phase, the pod of R6.0 phase, the pod of R6.5 phase, the pod of R7.0 phase and R7.5 phase pod), the period for plucking pod is set as factor A,
It is A that the R5.0 phase, which plucks pod,1, it is A that the R5.5 phase, which plucks pod,2, it is A that the R6.0 phase, which plucks pod,3, it is A that the R6.5 phase, which plucks pod,4, it is A that the R7.0 phase, which plucks pod,5, R7.5
It is A that phase, which plucks pod,6.Processing method after plucking pod is set as factor B, wherein plucking direct threshing after pod is set as B1, pluck threshing after pod is dried in the shade and set
For B2。
Test shares 12 processing, is respectively as follows: A1B1、A2B1、A3B1、A4B1、A5B1、A6B1、A1B2、A2B2、A3B2、A4B2、
A5B2、A6B2。
2, processing method
(1) Huang 909 in
Sowing, on December 28th, 2017 starts to bloom on November 23rd, 2017, then takes the pod of R5.0 phase, R5.5 phase
Pod, the pod of R6.0 phase, the pod of R6.5 phase, the pod of R7.0 phase and R7.5 phase pod, threshing after drying in the shade is belonging respectively to A1B2、A2B2、
A3B2、A4B2、A5B2、A6B2Processing.
(2) Huang 70 in
On December 4th, 2017 sows first, sowing on December 13rd, 2017 second batch.
On 2 9th, 2018, first sowing middle yellow 70 had reached the R6.5 phase, take respectively the R6.5 phase pod and
The pod of R6.0 phase；Middle yellow the 70 of second batch sowing have reached the R5.5 phase, take the pod and the pod of R5.0 phase of R5.5 phase respectively.One
Threshing (is belonging respectively to A after partly drying in the shade1B2、A2B2、A3B2、A4B2Processing), the other half direct threshing (is belonging respectively to A1B1、A2B1、
A3B1、A4B1Processing).
On 2 24th, 2018, first sowing middle yellow 70 had reached the R7.5 phase, take respectively the R7.5 phase pod and
The pod of R7.0 phase；Middle yellow the 70 of second batch sowing have reached the R6.5 phase, take the pod and the pod of R6.0 phase of R6.5 phase respectively.One
Threshing (is belonging respectively to A after partly drying in the shade3B2、A4B2、A5B2、A6B2Processing), the other half direct threshing (is belonging respectively to A3B1、A4B1、
A5B1、A6B1Processing).
(3) Huang 325 in
On December 4th, 2017 sows first, sowing on December 26th, 2017 second batch.
On March 2nd, 2018, first sowing middle yellow 325 have reached the R8.0 phase, take respectively the R7.5 phase pod,
The pod and the pod of R6.5 phase of R7.0 phase；Second batch sowing middle yellow 325 has reached the R6.0 phase, take respectively the R6.0 phase pod,
The pod and the pod of R5.0 phase of R5.5 phase.Direct threshing (is belonging respectively to A after plucking pod1B1、A2B1、A3B1、A4B1、A5B1、A6B1Processing).
The sowing time of each test material and breeding time record are shown in Table 1.
The sowing time of 1. test material of table and breeding time record sheet
3, germination test
Sowing condition: being packed into bore 35cm for seedling medium, in the plastic tub of high 25cm, sprinkles profoundly water placement one day.Second
Each processing is sowed 100 by it, is sowed 50 on a basin, is covered the loose substrate of 1.5-2cm, and flowerpot is disposed within, etc.
Wait emerge.
Statistics emergence rate: after planting, recording number of emerging daily, until not being further added by, calculates seeding ratio.Experiment
In triplicate, the average value of seeding ratio is taken.Seeding ratio=number of emerging/100 × 100%.
Two, result and analysis
1, middle yellow 909
Threshing after middle yellow 909 pod is dried in the shade, sowing, the emergence rate of seed with pluck postponing for pod period and increase (see
Table 2): the seeding ratio of the pod of R5.0 phase is minimum, is 5.0% ± 3.0%；The seeding ratio of the pod of R5.5 phase is reachable
69.7% ± 4.7%；The pod of R6.0 phase reaches maintenance level, is 96.3% ± 1.5%.
Huang 909 plucks the seeding ratio (%) of threshing after pod is dried in the shade in table 2.
| Processing | A1B2 | A2B2 | A3B2 | A4B2 | A5B2 | A6B2 |
| Repeat 1 | 5.0 | 66.0 | 95.0 | 100.0 | 98.0 | 100.0 |
| Repeat 2 | 2.0 | 75.0 | 98.0 | 97.0 | 99.0 | 97.0 |
| Repeat 3 | 8.0 | 68.0 | 96.0 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| It is average | 5.0 | 69.7 | 96.3 | 98.7 | 99.0 | 99.0 |
| Standard deviation | 3.0 | 4.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.7 |
2, middle yellow 70
(1) threshing after the pod of Huang 70 is dried in the shade in, sowing, the emergence rate of seed is with plucking postponing and increasing for pod period
(being shown in Table 3): the seeding ratio of the pod of R5.0 phase is minimum, is 15.3% ± 4.7%；The seeding ratio of the pod of R5.5 phase is reachable
66.3% ± 4.9%；The pod of R6.0 phase reaches maintenance level, is 88.0% ± 2.7%.
Huang 70 plucks the seeding ratio (%) of threshing after pod is dried in the shade in table 3.
(2) pod of Huang 70 carries out direct threshing in, and sowing (i.e. fresh grain live streaming), the emergence rate of seed is shown in Table the 4:R5.5 phase
The seeding ratio of pod significantly reduces, and is 9.7% ± 3.1%；The seeding ratio of the pod of R6.0 phase is up to 94.7% ±
1.5%.
The seeding ratio (%) of the fresh grain live streaming of Huang 70 in table 4.
| Processing | A1B1 | A2B1 | A3B1 | A4B1 | A5B1 | A6B1 |
| Repeat 1 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 96.0 | 97.0 |
| Repeat 2 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 99.0 | 100.0 |
| Repeat 3 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 93.0 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 99.0 |
| It is average | 1.7 | 9.7 | 94.7 | 98.0 | 98.3 | 98.7 |
| Standard deviation | 1.2 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 |
3, middle yellow 325
Middle yellow 325 pod carries out direct threshing, and sowing (i.e. fresh grain live streaming), the emergence rate of seed is shown in Table the pod of 5:R6.0 phase
Seeding ratio up to 82.3% ± 3.2%.
The seeding ratio (%) of the fresh grain live streaming of Huang 325 in table 5.
| Processing | A1B1 | A2B1 | A3B1 | A4B1 | A5B1 | A6B1 |
| Repeat 1 | 6.0 | 18.0 | 80.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Repeat 2 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 86.0 | 98.0 | 100.0 | 99.0 |
| Repeat 3 | 2.0 | 14.0 | 81.0 | 97.0 | 99.0 | 100.0 |
| It is average | 3.3 | 14.3 | 82.3 | 98.3 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
| Standard deviation | 2.3 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Above-mentioned test result shows threshing after the pod of soybean R5.5 phase is dried in the shade, and sows next season, emergence rate is reachable
68.0% ± 5.1%.The pod direct threshing of soybean R6.0 phase, sows next season, emergence rate is up to 88.5% ± 2.7%.
By different materials (middle yellow 70, middle yellow 909 and middle yellow 325) in different times (first, second batch) after planting,
Carry out three kinds of processing sow again (threshing after the R5.5 phase plucks pod, dries in the shade 15 days, after the R6.0 phase plucks pod, dries in the shade 15 days threshing with
And the direct threshing after the R6.0 phase plucks pod), the time needed for counting one generation of soybean.If since the sowing of this generation, until under
The sowing time of one generation stops, and is the time needed for a generation.
Statistical result is shown in Table 6.The result shows that different test materials, under different sowing dates, after plucking pod by the R6.0 phase,
The method of threshing of drying in the shade is handled, and the time needed for a generation is 74-78 days；After plucking pod by the R5.5 phase, threshing of drying in the shade
Method handled, the time needed for a generation be 70-73 days；Direct threshing is handled after plucking pod by the R6.0 phase,
Time needed for one generation is 60-64 days.It follows that after plucking pod with the R6.0 phase, the method for threshing of drying in the shade and R5.5 phase pluck
After pod, the method for threshing of drying in the shade compare, the R6.0 phase plucks direct threshing sowing after pod (stripping out fresh grain live streaming from the pod of R6.0 phase),
Not only emergence rate is higher, but also growth cycle shortens 10-14 days.The fresh grain live streaming of soybean can significantly shorten soybean growth cycle.
Time and emergence rate needed for completing a generation under the conditions of 6. different disposal of table
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for shortening leguminous plant growth cycle is realized by planting still immature seeds of leguminous plant.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: " the still immature seeds of leguminous plant " is from beanpod
What removing obtained.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the beanpod be the R6.0 phase pod to the R7.0 phase pod；
The pod of the R6.0 phase is after pulse family plant reaches the full grain phase, and seed has just been full of the beanpod in pod wall kind cave；
The pod of the R7.0 phase be after pulse family plant reaches physiological maturity, pod wall just converted mature color, not yet return it is round
Beanpod.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The full grain phase be stem topmost 4 in the section of raw fully expanded leaves, seed fills in beanpod in any one section
That day in the kind cave of full pod wall；
The physiological maturity is that day for having a pod to reach mature on stem.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the physiological maturity is to have the color of a pod to reach on stem
That day of color when to maturation.
6. application of any method of claim 1 to 5 in leguminous plant breeding.
7. method as claimed in claim 1 to 5 or application as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the pulse family
Plant is soybean.
8. the method for claim 7 or applying, it is characterised in that: the soybean is soybean breeder material or soybean culture
Kind.
9. the method for claim 7 or application, it is characterised in that: the kind of the soybean be middle yellow 70, middle yellow 909 or
Middle yellow 325.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111820094A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-27 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Planting method for shortening breeding period of green Chinese onions |
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| CN1370395A (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-25 | 中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所 | Method of raising breeding speed of soybean |
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