CN111806671A - 用于飞机机舱的面板 - Google Patents

用于飞机机舱的面板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111806671A
CN111806671A CN202010254299.9A CN202010254299A CN111806671A CN 111806671 A CN111806671 A CN 111806671A CN 202010254299 A CN202010254299 A CN 202010254299A CN 111806671 A CN111806671 A CN 111806671A
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China
Prior art keywords
panel
laminate
pressure sensor
layer
carbon fibers
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Granted
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CN202010254299.9A
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CN111806671B (zh
Inventor
塔玛拉·布兰科瓦雷拉
彼得·林德
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Airbus Operations GmbH
Airbus Operations SL
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Airbus Operations GmbH
Airbus Operations SL
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    • Y10T442/645—Parallel strand or fiber material is inorganic [e.g., rock wool, mineral wool, etc.]

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于飞机机舱的面板(1000)，所述面板(1000)包括：至少一个层压板(150)，所述至少一个层压板(150)包括包括锂化碳纤维(100)的第一层、包括具有阴极锂涂层(200)的碳纤维的第二层、以及介于所述第一层和所述第二层之间的含电解质的隔板(300)中的一者或多者；被设置在所述层压板(150)的外表面上的至少一个压力传感器(50a，50b)；以及开关(40)，所述开关(40)基于所述压力传感器(50a，50b)的输出来调节施加到所述层压板(150)的电压，从而使得所述面板(1000)膨胀。

Description

用于飞机机舱的面板
技术领域
本发明涉及用于飞机机舱的面板结构。
特别地，本发明的目的是提供一种基于锂化碳纤维的压电-化学-电(piezo-chemo-electric)特性自动填充间隙的用于飞机机舱的可调节面板以及用于填充面板机舱之间的间隙的相关方法。
背景技术
飞机机舱配备有面板，以覆盖如绝缘部件、管道和电线等元件。称为“内衬”的面板通常采用夹层设计，且带有泡沫或蜂窝芯材，该泡沫或蜂窝芯材可以包括为碳纤维增强聚合物GRFP或CFRP的覆盖层。由于几何形状、温度和安装的原因，两个相邻面板之间的接合处经常会显示出可见的间隙，如本发明的图1所示。图1包括左面板1、右面板2以及在左面板1和右面板2之间的接合处的间隙3。
此外，图2示出了飞机机舱中的接合处12的示例。图2示出了在行李架10和冠衬20之间的接合处12。可以在衬板之间、衬板和分隔壁之间、衬板和标记物之间等看到类似的接合处。由于多种原因，诸如光学器件(设计不良)、声学原因和振动风险，不希望在接合处留有间隙。传统上，试图通过改变机舱面板的定位或通过用“间隙填充物”填充间隙来封闭接合处。
因此，需要找到一种避免这些不希望的间隙且不需要例如如前所述的改变机舱面板的定位和/或使用间隙填充物的解决方案。本发明旨在解决该问题。
发明内容
电化学电池由于内部发生的自发的化学反应而存储电能。电化学电池由通过盐桥连接的两个半电池(half cells)组成。锂离子电池由两个相异的电极组成，这两个相异的电极通过电解质彼此分开，电解质为离子导体但电子绝缘体。与外部电路周围的电子的转移以及电池中两个嵌入电极之间的锂离子(“li-ions”)相关的自由能与两个电极中的锂的化学势之差相关。
锂电池包括三个主要的部件。第一，阳极，所述阳极在放电时将电子释放到外部电路并在电化学反应期间被氧化。当前大多数商用电池采用基于碳/石墨的电极作为阳极。第二，阴极，所述阴极在放电时接受来自外部电路的电子并在电化学反应期间被还原。阴极通常是过渡金属氧化物或磷酸盐。第三，电解质(一种离子导体但电子绝缘体)，所述电解质将两个电极分开，并提供用于在电池内部在所述阳极和所述阴极之间进行电荷转移的介质。所述电解质通常是含有溶解的锂盐的非水无机溶剂，例如碳酸丙烯酯中的LiPF6(六氟磷酸锂)。
在电池的充电状态下，正极、阴极被氧化，锂离子从层状锂嵌入主体中脱嵌(de-intercalated)，穿过电解质，并通过负极处的电化学还原反应嵌入到石墨层之间。嵌入包括将客体原子可逆地插入固体主体结构中，而不会引起主体材料的严重破坏。
锂电池的一个示例是磷酸铁锂(LiFePO)电池，也称为LFP电池(“LFP”代表“磷酸铁锂(lithium ferrophosphate)”)，其是一种可再充电电池，具体是锂离子电池，它使用LiFePO作为阴极材料，并使用带有金属集流栅(metallic current collector grid)的石墨碳电极作为阳极。
图3示出了电化学LiFePO电池，该电池包括附接有锂离子的碳纤维100(阳极)、阴极(诸如具有LiFePO4的阴极涂层的碳200)、允许锂离子通过且阻挡电子的隔板300、可以为液体或固体的电解质400、和锂离子500。
已经发现，锂化碳纤维(例如，具有LiFePO4的碳)获得了压电-化学-电特性。锂化被定义为在锂离子电池中将锂结合至电极。图4示出了锂化碳纤维100的压电-化学-电效应。图4中的曲线示出了开路电势(Open Circuit Potential，OCP)和力，两者均随时间而绘制。可以看出，电势的变化遵循力(即，应变)的变化，从而实现了碳纤维方向的压电-化学-电效应。
还发现碳纤维的直径可以增大，因此碳纤维可以“膨胀”，如图5所示，当对电极(counter electrode)的电势增大时，锂化碳纤维具有基本状态的直径100和“膨胀”的直径101。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于飞机机舱的可调节的面板(该面板基于锂化碳纤维的上述压电-化学-电特性而自动填充间隙)以及一种用于填充面板机舱之间的间隙的相关方法。
这是通过提供集成有碳纤维层的面板来实现的，所述碳纤维层可以借助于对电极进行锂化。对电极或辅助电极提供了向工作电极(即碳纤维)施加输入电势的手段。只要通过压力传感器检测到与相邻面板的间隙(即，两个接合面板之间的间隙)，就可以通过控制对电极的电势而使面板的锂化碳纤维层膨胀，直到间隙封闭。同时，已充电的面板可以用作储能电池。因此，所提出的包括锂化碳纤维的用于飞机机舱的面板是多功能的，该面板实现了结构功能、间隙填充功能、以及由于膨胀纤维可以同时储存能量而实现了储能功能。因此，使用所提出的面板，避免了通过改变机舱面板的定位或通过用“间隙填充物”填充间隙来封闭机舱中的接合处。此外，自动间隙控制和填充允许连续地校正温度、压力等的影响。
因此，本发明的第一方面是一种用于飞机机舱的面板，所述面板包括至少一个层压板，所述至少一个层压板至少包括：包括锂化碳纤维的第一层、包括具有阴极锂涂层的碳纤维的第二层、以及介于所述第一层和所述第二层之间的含电解质的隔板。在一些示例中，所述面板可以包括上部层压板，该上部层压板具有两层锂化碳纤维、两个隔板以及包括在两个相邻隔板之间共享的具有阴极锂涂层的碳纤维的单个层。此外，同一面板可以包括具有与上部层压板相同的五层的下部层压板。
所述面板可以包括被设置在层压板的外表面上的一个或多个压力传感器。此外，所述面板包括用于调节施加到所述层压板的电压的开关。在这方面，所述压力传感器被配置为提供由所述开关所使用的输出。该输出可以指示检测到该面板和另一机舱元件之间的接合处存在间隙。因此，该开关可以基于来自压力传感器的输出来调节施加到层压板的电压。该施加的电压可以导致面板膨胀，从而该面板可以填充所述间隙。所述面板还包括与开关集成在一起的微控制器，并且该微控制器基于从压力传感器接收到的输出信号来致动所述开关。所述面板还包括向层压板提供施加的电压的电源。在一些示例中，电压源不包括在面板中。在其它示例中，电压源为另一根据本发明的面板。
在一些示例中，阴极锂涂层可以包括LiFePO4。所述面板还可以包括夹在第一层压板和第二层压板之间的泡沫。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于飞机的行李架，包括所提出的面板以及包括所提出的面板的机舱内衬。这表明，为了间隙填充和/或储能的目的，可以将所提出的面板集成到飞机机舱的任何元件中。
在本发明的另一方面中，提出了一种用于填充在包括根据本发明的第一方面的面板和飞机的机舱元件的两面板(two-panel)接合处之间的间隙的方法，第一面板包括层压板，所述层压板包括锂化碳纤维的第一层、具有阴极锂涂层的碳纤维的第二层、以及设置在所述第一层和所述第二层之间的含电解质的隔板，所述方法包括利用压力传感器检测所述面板和所述机舱元件之间的间隙，以及基于所述压力传感器的输出向所述层压板施加电压，该施加的电压使第一层的锂化碳纤维和面板膨胀。该膨胀使面板填充间隙。施加到层压板的电压可以用开关调节。
所述方法还包括如下步骤：在利用所述面板填充所述间隙之后，利用所述压力传感器检测所述面板与所述机舱元件之间的接触，以及基于来自所述压力传感器的输出通过致动所述开关而终止施加到所述层压板的电压。可以使用与面板中的开关集成在一起且被配置为接收来自压力传感器的输出的微控制器来致动所述开关。压力传感器可以例如是压电传感器。压力传感器的输出可以为输出电压，其中，例如低电压表示检测到所提出的面板和机舱元件之间的接合处的间隙，而高电压表示响应于所述压力传感器在接触过程中承受的机械应力而检测到所述面板和机舱元件之间的接触。
所述方法还包括使用电池作为向面板中的层压板施加电压的储能器或者使用另一根据本发明的面板作为向层压板施加电压的储能器。如前所述，层压板为可以用于储能的电化学电池。所述方法还包括使层压板的锂化碳纤维定位或取向为平行于两面板接合处和/或使层压板的锂化碳纤维定位为垂直于两面板接合处。可以使用纤维的任何分布以便引起面板相对于接合处在纵向或横向上的膨胀。
附图说明
为了更好地理解以上说明并出于提供示例的唯一目的而包括一些示意性地示出实际实施方式的非限制性附图。
图1示出了飞机机舱中的两个相邻面板之间的接合处。
图2示出了飞机机舱中的行李架和冠衬之间的接合处。
图3示出了电化学LiFePO电池。
图4示出了锂化碳纤维的压电-化学-电效应。
图5示出了锂化碳纤维的“膨胀”后的直径。
图6示出了根据本发明的用于飞机机舱的面板。
图7A示出了在膨胀阶段期间的根据本发明的用于飞机机舱的面板。
图7B示出了在膨胀阶段之后的根据本发明的用于飞机机舱的面板。
图8示出了具有横向于接合处取向的锂化碳纤维的根据本发明的面板。
具体实施方式
图6示出了根据本发明的用于飞机机舱的面板1000的示例。面板1000包括第一层压板150和第二层压板250。第一层压板150和第二层压板250从面板1000的顶部到底部各自包括第一层、含电解质的隔板300和第二层，其中，第一层包括锂化碳纤维100，第二层包括具有阴极锂涂层200的碳纤维。含电解质的隔板300介于第一层和第二层之间。
层压板150、250还包括第二含电解质的隔板300和第二包括锂化碳纤维100的层。因此，将具有阴极锂涂层200的单层碳纤维用作层压板150中两个包括锂化碳纤维100的层的对电极。类似地，将具有阴极锂涂层的碳纤维的单个第二层用作层压板250中两个包括锂化碳纤维的层的对电极。具有不同层数的其它层压板构造可以考虑用于面板1000。
此外，泡沫600被夹在第一层压板150和第二层压板250之间，从而形成可以用作例如冠衬的面板1000。图6示出了相对于接合处12(图中未示出)纵向取向的锂化碳纤维100。
此外，面板1000包括分别设置在第一层压板150和第二层压板250的外表面上的两个压力传感器50a、50b。压力传感器50a、50b设置在面板1000与飞机机舱元件之间的接合处12中。压力传感器50a、50b可以被构造成用于检测接合处12中的间隙。压力传感器50a可以关于层压板150检测面板1000的间隙。压力传感器50b可以关于层压板250检测面板1000的间隙。如果第一压力传感器50a和/或第二压力传感器50b检测到间隙，则基于压力传感器50a、50b的输出将开关40致动至闭合位置并向相应的层压板150、250施加电压。该施加的电压使第一层的锂化碳纤维100通过锂离子嵌入纤维中而膨胀。层压板150、250中的第一层的这种膨胀导致面板1000膨胀并填充面板1000与机舱元件之间的间隙。
面板1000可以被集成到机舱内衬、行李架或飞机的任何其它机舱元件中。
图7A示出了在通过压力传感器50a检测到接合处12中的间隙时在面板1000的膨胀阶段期间的根据本发明的面板1000。除了在图6中所示的元件之外，在图7A中还示出了连接到开关40的电源30，该开关40调节施加到面板1000的层压板150的电压。在通过压力传感器50a检测到面板1000和冠衬20之间的间隙时，第一电压值(例如，“间隙信号”)被从压力传感器50a发送到与开关40集成在一起的微控制器。该信号可以指示飞机的机舱元件之间存在间隙。开关40可以由微控制器致动到闭合位置，该闭合位置允许电流在电源30和层压板150之间通过。施加的电压基于层压板150的第一层和第二层之间的氧化还原反应，通过锂离子嵌入而使层中的锂化碳纤维100膨胀。锂化碳纤维100的膨胀使面板1000膨胀并填充该间隙。
在所描述的情况下，电源30像充电电池一样工作，因为其电极之间的电压比由层压板形成的“复合电池”中的电压更高，因此只要接通电源，电源就对“复合电池”充电使其电压上升，直到复合电池其自身电压达到最大电压。然而，当压力传感器50a报告了太大的应力时(面板过于膨胀且需要“缩短”)，应将“复合电池”放电。在一个实施方式中，可以将能量消耗设备连接到层压板以迫使电压下降。可替选地，电源30可以包括将电源30中的电压调节为低于“复合电池”中的电压的可变电阻器。
图7B示出了在图7A所示的膨胀阶段之后的根据本发明的面板1000。在由将层压板150连接到电源30而导致面板1000膨胀期间的某个时刻，压力传感器50a与冠衬20的表面接触，该接触触发第二电压值，例如“接触信号”，该“接触信号”致使开关40中的微控制器将开关致动到断开位置，在该断开位置，面板1000和电源30之间的电流被中断，如图所示。在该阶段，当间隙已被填充时，碳纤维100随着施加的电压停止而停止膨胀，如图所示。
图8示出了具有横向(平行)于面板1000和冠衬20之间的接合处12取向的锂化碳纤维100的根据本发明的面板1000。在该示例中，示出了接合处12右侧的面板1000中的两个包括锂化碳纤维且由两个相反的发散箭头表示的区域：一个区域最靠近接合处12，且第二个区域更远离接合处12。纤维取向类似于纤维顺着接合处延伸的取向(即平行于接合处12)，然而，由于纤维的数量很多，因此它们的共同作用并不是无关紧要。在其它示例中，层中的锂化碳纤维100可以纵向(垂直)于接合处12取向、或以横向(平行)于接合处12和纵向(垂直)于接合处12的组合取向。对于具有不同纤维方向的示例，可以将纤维的上述共同作用添加到穿过接合处延伸的纤维的“膨胀”效果中。图8示出了具有如图5所示的膨胀直径101的锂化碳纤维100的“膨胀”方向或扩展方向，该膨胀直径101使面板1000膨胀并填充间隙。
尽管已经参照了本发明的具体实施方式，但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，本文中描述的用于飞机机舱的面板易于进行多种变化和修改，并且所提到的所有细节在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的保护范围的情况下，可以用其它技术上的等同物来代替。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于飞机机舱的面板(1000)，其特征在于，所述面板(1000)包括：
至少一个层压板(150)，所述至少一个层压板(150)包括以下中的一者或多者：
第一层，所述第一层包括锂化碳纤维(100)；
第二层，所述第二层包括具有阴极锂涂层(200)的碳纤维；以及
含电解质的隔板(300)，所述含电解质的隔板(300)介于所述第一层和所述第二层之间；
至少一个压力传感器(50a，50b)，所述至少一个压力传感器(50a，50b)被设置在所述层压板(150)的外表面上；以及
开关(40)，所述开关(40)基于所述压力传感器(50a，50b)的输出来调节施加到所述层压板(150)的电压，从而使得所述面板(1000)膨胀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板(1000)，还包括微控制器，所述微控制器被配置为接收所述压力传感器(50a，50b)的输出并致动所述开关(40)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的面板(1000)，还包括电源(30)，所述电源(30)向所述层压板(150)提供施加的所述电压。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的面板(1000)，其中，所述阴极锂涂层(200)包括LiFePO4。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的面板(1000)，还包括用于填充所述面板(1000)的泡沫(600)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的面板(1000)，还包括第二层压板(250)，并且所述泡沫(600)被夹在所述第一层压板(150)和所述第二层压板(250)之间。
7.一种用于飞机的行李架，所述行李架包括根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的面板。
8.一种用于飞机的机舱内衬，所述机舱内衬包括根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的面板。
9.一种用于填充在飞机机舱的面板(1000)和机舱元件(20)之间的两面板接合处的间隙的方法，第一面板包括层压板(150)，所述层压板(150)包括具有锂化碳纤维(100)的第一层、具有阴极锂涂层(200)的碳纤维的第二层、以及被设置在所述第一层和所述第二层之间的含电解质的隔板(300)，所述方法包括：
-利用压力传感器(50a，50b)检测所述面板(1000)和所述机舱元件(20)之间的间隙；以及
-基于所述压力传感器的输出向所述层压板(150)施加使得所述面板(1000)膨胀并填充所述间隙的电压。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，还包括：
-利用所述压力传感器(50a，50b)响应于所述面板(1000)膨胀并填充所述间隙而检测所述面板(1000)与所述机舱元件(20)之间的接触；以及
-基于所述压力传感器的输出而终止施加到所述层压板(150)的电压。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，还包括：
-利用开关(40)来调节施加到所述层压板(150)的电压；以及
-利用接收来自所述压力传感器(50a，50b)的输出的微控制器来致动所述开关(40)。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的方法，还包括使用电池(30)向所述层压板(150)施加所述电压。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的方法，还包括使用第二面板(1000)作为向所述层压板(150)施加所述电压的储能器。
14.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的方法，还包括使所述层压板(150)的所述锂化碳纤维(100)横向于所述两面板接合处取向。
15.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的方法，还包括使所述层压板(150)的所述锂化碳纤维(100)纵向于所述两面板接合处取向。
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