CN111802176A - Culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation, preparation method of culture material and coprinus comatus cultivation method - Google Patents
Culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation, preparation method of culture material and coprinus comatus cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802176A CN111802176A CN202010823522.7A CN202010823522A CN111802176A CN 111802176 A CN111802176 A CN 111802176A CN 202010823522 A CN202010823522 A CN 202010823522A CN 111802176 A CN111802176 A CN 111802176A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coprinus comatus cultivation, in particular to a culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation, a preparation method of the culture material and a coprinus comatus cultivation method. The main material of the culture material comprises waste livestock padding and cottonseed hulls, wherein the mass of the waste livestock padding accounts for 55-70% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the mass of the cottonseed hulls accounts for 15-30% of the dry weight of the culture material. The culture material has high biological conversion rate, can effectively promote the growth of the coprinus comatus, has easily obtained and cheap raw materials, can reduce the production cost of the coprinus comatus culture, and improves the economic benefit of the coprinus comatus culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coprinus comatus cultivation, in particular to a culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation, a preparation method of the culture material and a coprinus comatus cultivation method.
Background
Coprinus comatus is named as Coprinus comatus, belongs to Coprinus of Coprinaceae of Agaricales of subphylum of Basidiomycetes of Eumycota, and is named because it is shaped like chicken leg and has meat quality and meat flavor similar to chicken shred. Coprinus comatus has tender meat quality, is delicious and tasty, is a rare fungus product with commercial potential artificially developed in recent years, and is known as 'new and elegant in fungus'. In the traditional coprinus comatus cultivation, crop straws, agricultural byproducts and the like are mostly used as cultivation raw materials, such as cottonseed hulls, corncobs, straws, corn stalks and the like are used as main materials. However, the crop straws or agricultural byproducts are singly adopted as the main materials of the cultivation raw materials, so that the planting cost is increased, the biotransformation rate of the cultivation raw materials is low, and the economic benefit of cultivating the coprinus comatus is reduced.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation, a preparation method thereof and a coprinus comatus cultivation method. The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation, which is high in biotransformation rate, capable of effectively promoting the growth of coprinus comatus, easy to obtain and cheap in raw materials, capable of reducing the production cost of coprinus comatus cultivation and improving the economic benefit of coprinus comatus cultivation.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation, wherein the main material of the culture material comprises waste livestock bedding and cotton seed hulls, the mass of the waste livestock bedding accounts for 55-70% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the mass of the cotton seed hulls accounts for 15-30% of the dry weight of the culture material.
In an alternative embodiment, the waste livestock bedding is used livestock bedding containing livestock manure;
preferably, the waste livestock bedding comprises waste pig house bedding.
In an optional embodiment, the culture material further comprises an auxiliary material;
preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise at least one of wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime;
preferably, the wheat bran accounts for 3% -6% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the corn flour accounts for 3% -6% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the calcium superphosphate accounts for 1% -3% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the gypsum accounts for 1% -2% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the lime accounts for 1% -2% of the dry weight of the compost.
In an alternative embodiment, the compost comprises waste livestock bedding, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime, the mass of the waste livestock bedding is 55-70% of the dry weight of the compost, the mass of the cottonseed hulls is 15-30% of the dry weight of the compost, the mass of the wheat bran is 3-6% of the dry weight of the compost, the mass of the corn flour is 3-6% of the dry weight of the compost, the mass of the calcium superphosphate is 1-3% of the dry weight of the compost, the mass of the gypsum is 1-2% of the dry weight of the compost, and the mass of the lime is 1-2% of the dry weight of the compost.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing a compost for coprinus comatus cultivation, which includes mixing raw materials to form the compost.
In an alternative embodiment, including pre-wetting the waste livestock bedding prior to mixing;
preferably, the pre-wetting comprises: adding water for pre-wetting for 10-12 hours.
In an alternative embodiment, the method of preparation further comprises post-treating the mixture formed by mixing after mixing;
preferably, the post-treatment comprises adjusting the pH and moisture of the mixture;
preferably, the pH of the mixture after adjustment is 7-8 and the moisture content is 58-62%.
In an alternative embodiment, the post-treatment further comprises sterilizing the mixture after adjusting moisture and pH;
preferably, the conditions of sterilization include: the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃, and the sterilization time is 2 hours;
preferably, the post-treatment further comprises cooling after sterilization;
preferably, the post-treatment further comprises bagging the mixture prior to sterilization.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a coprinus comatus cultivation method, which includes cultivating coprinus comatus by using the compost for coprinus comatus cultivation described in any one of the foregoing embodiments or the compost prepared by the method for preparing the compost for coprinus comatus cultivation described in any one of the foregoing embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the embodiment of the invention, the waste livestock padding and the cotton seed hulls are matched for use, so that the biological conversion rate of the compost can be improved, the cultivation time is shortened, the production benefit of the coprinus comatus is improved, the raw materials of the waste livestock padding and the cotton seed hulls are easy to obtain and are low in price, and the production cost for cultivating the coprinus comatus can be reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material for cultivating coprinus comatus, wherein the main material of the culture material comprises waste livestock padding and cotton seed hulls, the mass of the waste livestock padding accounts for 55-70% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the mass of the cotton seed hulls accounts for 15-30% of the dry weight of the culture material. The embodiment of the invention adopts the waste livestock padding and the cottonseed hulls as the main materials of the culture material, and can obviously improve the biotransformation rate of the culture material, in particular, the waste livestock padding is the used livestock padding, so that the excrement of livestock can not generate large peculiar smell, when the livestock padding is used in a common livestock farm, a microbial inoculum is added, the excrement of livestock can act on the livestock padding in the using process of the livestock padding, and then the excrement, the microbial inoculum and the padding are fermented, and then when the used livestock padding containing the livestock excrement and microorganisms and the cottonseed hulls are used as the culture material, the biotransformation rate of the culture material can be accelerated, and the time for culturing the coprinus comatus can be reduced.
The waste livestock padding adopted in the embodiment of the invention can be used livestock padding directly discarded in a livestock farm, the waste livestock padding basically does not need purchasing cost, and the cost of the compost can be obviously reduced. The waste livestock bedding materials provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise waste piggery bedding materials, and particularly, the waste piggery bedding materials are used waste bedding materials directly provided by a pig farm.
Furthermore, the padding is prepared by decomposing and fermenting organic substances in fermentation bed raw materials such as wood chips, rice husks and straws and mixtures such as poultry manure and urine by microorganisms, and contains rich organic substances, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient substances. In particular embodiments of the present invention, waste dunnage is waste after 10-20 months of use via dunnage.
Furthermore, the culture material also comprises auxiliary materials; preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise at least one of wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime; preferably, the wheat bran accounts for 3% -6% of the dry weight of the culture material; preferably, the mass of the corn flour accounts for 3% -6% of the dry weight of the culture material; preferably, the mass of the calcium superphosphate accounts for 1% -3% of the dry weight of the culture material; preferably, the mass of the gypsum accounts for 1% -2% of the dry weight of the culture material; preferably, the mass of the lime accounts for 1% -2% of the dry weight of the compost. By adopting the auxiliary materials, the biological conversion rate of the culture material can be further improved, the effect of cultivating the coprinus comatus is improved, and the time for cultivating the coprinus comatus is shortened.
Further, the culture material comprises waste livestock padding, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime, wherein the mass of the waste livestock padding accounts for 55-70% of the dry weight of the culture material, the mass of the cottonseed hulls accounts for 15-30% of the dry weight of the culture material, the mass of the wheat bran accounts for 3-6% of the dry weight of the culture material, the mass of the corn flour accounts for 3-6% of the dry weight of the culture material, the mass of the calcium superphosphate accounts for 1-3% of the dry weight of the culture material, the mass of the gypsum accounts for 1-2% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the mass of the lime accounts for 1-2% of the dry weight of the culture material.
Further, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the culture material, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, pre-wetting the waste livestock bedding; after prewetting, the waste livestock padding and other raw materials are mixed uniformly, and the biological conversion rate of the compost is improved. Specifically, the pre-wetting comprises: adding water for pre-wetting for 10-12 hours.
And then mixing the raw materials to form a mixture, and then carrying out post-treatment on the mixture, wherein the post-treatment comprises the step of adjusting the pH and the moisture of the mixture, so that the finally formed culture material is more suitable for culturing the coprinus comatus and promotes the growth of the coprinus comatus. Specifically, the pH value of the mixture is 7-8 after adjustment, the moisture content is 58-62%, and the pH value and the moisture content of the culture material are beneficial to improving the biological conversion rate of the culture material.
Further, the post-treatment also comprises the step of bagging the mixture after adjusting the moisture. Specifically, bagging is to transfer the mixture into a fungus bag, which may be a polypropylene fungus bag or other fungus bags in the prior art, and the size of the fungus bag is not limited, for example, 17 × 33 cm.
Further, post-processing also includes sterilizing the mixture after bagging; specifically, the conditions for sterilization include: the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃, the sterilization time is 2 hours, and by adopting the sterilization conditions, the mixture can be fully sterilized, so that the culture material is prevented from being polluted by mixed bacteria. Further, the post-treatment also comprises cooling after sterilization, and the cooled substance can be directly used for cultivating coprinus comatus.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a coprinus comatus cultivation method, including cultivating coprinus comatus by using the above-mentioned compost for coprinus comatus cultivation or the compost for coprinus comatus cultivation prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method, and specifically, the conditions for cultivating coprinus comatus are the same as those for cultivating coprinus comatus in the prior art, and the specific method and conditions for cultivating coprinus comatus are not the invention points of the embodiments of the present invention, and will not be described in detail herein.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material, which comprises used pigsty padding, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the used piggery padding accounts for 60% of the dry weight of the compost, the cotton seed hulls accounts for 25% of the dry weight of the compost, the wheat bran accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the compost, the corn flour accounts for 4% of the dry weight of the compost, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost, the gypsum accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the compost, and the lime accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost. The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the culture material, which comprises the following steps:
adding water to prewet the used piggery padding for 10 hours, mixing the raw materials, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7, adjusting the water content to 58%, subpackaging the mixture into polypropylene fungus bags with the size of 17 x 33cm, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material, which comprises used pigsty padding, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the used piggery padding accounts for 66% of the dry weight of the compost, the cotton seed hulls account for 15% of the dry weight of the compost, the wheat bran accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the compost, the corn flour accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the compost, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 3% of the dry weight of the compost, the gypsum accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost, and the lime accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost.
The compost was prepared according to the preparation method and preparation conditions provided in example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material, which comprises used pigsty padding, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the used piggery padding accounts for 70% of the dry weight of the compost, the cotton seed hulls accounts for 15% of the dry weight of the compost, the wheat bran accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the compost, the corn flour accounts for 5% of the dry weight of the compost, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the compost, the gypsum accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the compost, and the lime accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost.
The compost was prepared according to the preparation method and preparation conditions provided in example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material, which comprises used pigsty padding, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the used piggery padding accounts for 55% of the dry weight of the compost, the cotton seed hulls accounts for 25% of the dry weight of the compost, the wheat bran accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the compost, the corn flour accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the compost, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 3% of the dry weight of the compost, the gypsum accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost, and the lime accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the culture material, which comprises the following steps:
adding water to prewet used pig house padding for 12 hours, mixing the raw materials, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 8, adjusting the water content to 60%, subpackaging the mixture into polypropylene fungus bags with the size of 17 x 33cm, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 5
The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material, which comprises used pigsty padding, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the used piggery padding accounts for 60% of the dry weight of the compost, the cotton seed hulls accounts for 30% of the dry weight of the compost, the wheat bran accounts for 3% of the dry weight of the compost, the corn flour accounts for 3% of the dry weight of the compost, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost, the gypsum accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the compost, and the lime accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the compost.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the culture material, which comprises the following steps:
adding water to prewet used pig house padding for 11 hours, mixing the raw materials, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7.5, adjusting the water content to 62%, subpackaging the mixture into polypropylene fungus bags with the size of 17 x 33cm, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 1 hour.
Example 6
The embodiment of the invention provides a culture material, which comprises used pigsty padding, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the used piggery padding accounts for 58% of the dry weight of the compost, the cotton seed hulls accounts for 25% of the dry weight of the compost, the wheat bran accounts for 5% of the dry weight of the compost, the corn flour accounts for 5% of the dry weight of the compost, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 3% of the dry weight of the compost, the gypsum accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost, and the lime accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the culture material, which comprises the following steps:
adding water to prewet used pig house padding for 12 hours, mixing the raw materials, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 8, adjusting the water content to 60%, subpackaging the mixture into polypropylene fungus bags with the size of 17 x 33cm, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 2 hours.
Comparative example 1 the compost comprises cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the weight of the cotton seed hulls accounts for 85% of the dry weight of the culture material, the weight of the wheat bran accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the culture material, the weight of the corn flour accounts for 4% of the dry weight of the culture material, the weight of the calcium superphosphate accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the culture material, the weight of the gypsum accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the weight of the lime accounts for 2% of the dry.
Comparative example 2: the culture material comprises used pigsty padding, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: the used piggery padding accounts for 85% of the dry weight of the compost, the wheat bran accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the compost, the corn flour accounts for 4% of the dry weight of the compost, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost, the gypsum accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the compost, and the lime accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the compost.
Comparative example 3: the culture material comprises used pigsty padding, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime: and the piggery padding accounts for 25% of the dry weight of the culture material, the cottonseed hulls accounts for 60% of the dry weight of the culture material, the wheat bran accounts for 6% of the dry weight of the culture material, the corn flour accounts for 4% of the dry weight of the culture material, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the culture material, the gypsum accounts for 1% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the lime accounts for 2% of the dry weight of the culture material.
Experimental example 1
The coprinus comatus is cultured by using the culture materials prepared in the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-3, the culture conditions are the same, and then the bag filling time of the hyphae and the biological efficiency of the coprinus comatus cultured by using the corresponding culture materials are recorded, and the results are as follows:
according to the results, the growth speed and the biological efficiency of hyphae can be obviously improved by utilizing the padding of the pigsty to cultivate the coprinus comatus (compared with the comparative example 1), but the optimal area of the padding of the pigsty is 55-70%, the content of the padding of the pigsty is too low (comparative example 3), the growth speed and the biological efficiency of the hyphae are obviously reduced, the padding of the pigsty is too high (comparative example 2), although the growth speed of the hyphae is obviously improved, the biological efficiency is reduced, the economic benefit is reduced, the reason for the reduction is that the hyphae grow excessively, the biological efficiency is reduced due to insufficient nutrient accumulation, and the optimal area of the padding of the pigsty is 55-70%.
Experimental example 2
The culture materials with the same quality are prepared according to the mixture ratio of the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-3 respectively, and then the cost of the culture materials is calculated, wherein the used piggery padding is freely provided for a pig farm, the unused piggery padding is 200 yuan/ton, the cotton seed hulls are 1200 yuan/ton, and the waste piggery padding is free, so that the production cost can be obviously reduced by adopting the culture materials provided by the embodiment of the invention.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention utilizes the used waste poultry padding and the cotton seed hulls to combine, so that the biological conversion rate of the compost can be improved, the cultivation time is shortened, the production benefit of the coprinus comatus is improved, the waste livestock padding and the cotton seed hulls are easy to obtain, the price is low, and the production cost of the coprinus comatus cultivation can be reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The culture material for the coprinus comatus cultivation is characterized in that main materials of the culture material comprise waste livestock padding and cotton seed hulls, the mass of the waste livestock padding accounts for 55-70% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the mass of the cotton seed hulls accounts for 15-30% of the dry weight of the culture material.
2. The compost for coprinus comatus cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste livestock bedding is used livestock bedding containing livestock excrements;
preferably, the waste livestock bedding comprises waste pig house bedding.
3. The compost for cultivating coprinus comatus according to claim 1, wherein the compost further comprises auxiliary materials;
preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise at least one of wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime;
preferably, the wheat bran accounts for 3% -6% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the corn flour accounts for 3% -6% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the calcium superphosphate accounts for 1% -3% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the gypsum accounts for 1% -2% of the dry weight of the culture material;
preferably, the mass of the lime accounts for 1% -2% of the dry weight of the compost.
4. The compost for coprinus comatus cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the culture material comprises waste livestock padding, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and lime, the mass of the waste livestock bedding accounts for 55-70% of the dry weight of the culture material, the weight of the cotton seed hulls accounts for 15-30% of the dry weight of the culture material, the weight of the wheat bran accounts for 3-6% of the dry weight of the culture material, the mass of the corn flour accounts for 3-6% of the dry weight of the culture material, the mass of the calcium superphosphate accounts for 1-3% of the dry weight of the culture material, the gypsum accounts for 1-2% of the dry weight of the culture material, and the lime accounts for 1-2% of the dry weight of the culture material.
5. A method for preparing a culture material for coprinus comatus cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising mixing raw materials to form the culture material.
6. A method of preparing a compost for coprinus comatus cultivation as claimed in claim 5, comprising pre-wetting the waste livestock bedding prior to mixing;
preferably, the pre-wetting comprises: adding water for pre-wetting for 10-12 hours.
7. The preparation method of a compost for coprinus comatus cultivation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method further comprises post-treating the mixture after mixing;
preferably, the post-treatment comprises adjusting the pH and moisture of the mixture;
preferably, the pH of the mixture after adjustment is 7-8 and the moisture content is 58-62%.
8. The method for preparing a compost for coprinus comatus cultivation as claimed in claim 7, wherein the post-treatment further comprises sterilizing the mixture after adjusting moisture and pH;
preferably, the conditions of sterilization include: the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃, and the sterilization time is 2 hours.
9. The method for preparing a compost for coprinus comatus cultivation as claimed in claim 8, wherein the post-treatment further comprises cooling after sterilization;
preferably, the post-treatment further comprises bagging the mixture prior to sterilization.
10. A coprinus comatus cultivation method, characterized by comprising the step of cultivating coprinus comatus by using the compost for coprinus comatus cultivation claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 or the compost prepared by the method for preparing the compost for coprinus comatus cultivation claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8.
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Application publication date: 20201023 |