CN111789253A - 一种3d打印制备功能性重组鱼排的方法 - Google Patents
一种3d打印制备功能性重组鱼排的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111789253A CN111789253A CN202010646405.8A CN202010646405A CN111789253A CN 111789253 A CN111789253 A CN 111789253A CN 202010646405 A CN202010646405 A CN 202010646405A CN 111789253 A CN111789253 A CN 111789253A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种3D打印制备功能性重组鱼排的方法,属于食品加工技术领域。本发明提供了一种具有抗病毒作用的海参多糖在制备重组鱼排中的新用途。通过用W/O/W多重乳佐剂包埋海参多糖,将其作为功能因子添加至重组鱼排中,并结合鸡肉和果蔬泥改善重组鱼排的风味,结合对混合原料粘度的调控,使用于3D打印的原料具有合适的粘度和硬度,3D打印制得的重组鱼排弹性适中,口感好,富有营养并具有增强免疫力的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种3D打印制备功能性重组鱼排的方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
食品中活性物质的添加具有调整人体生理功能,预防或减缓疾病的发生和发展,促进机体逐渐向健康状态转化的作用。随着时代的发展,人们生活水平的提高,以及工作和学习压力的增大,人们对营养、便捷、安全、优质、绿色的新型水产食品的需求日益旺盛。鱼肉重组制品是将鱼原料剔除鱼骨和鱼刺后,添加辅料并借助相应成型手段,将鱼肉重新粘连成型,使肉糜、肉颗粒或肉块重新组合成型的一类产品。该类产品可以根据消费者需求进行营养、风味和外观等多方面设计,符合日益增长的消费需求。
3D打印技术是一种快速成型技术,它以计算机设计的数字模型为基础,运用具有粘度和流动性的物料通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体。在重组成型过程中采用3D打印技术,能更好的实现营养定制与复配并赋予产品新颖的外观。然而,应用3D打印技术制备食品对于3D打印材料的有较高的要求,3D打印原材料的粘度、水分等均要适中,否则食品材料挤出成型后极易坍塌,或因硬度太高不易挤出。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种制备海参多糖微球的方法,是将W/O/W型多重乳包埋海参多糖;所述W/O/W型乳液是将亲油性乳化剂溶于油相中制成W/O型乳液,再将W/O型乳液放入含有亲水性乳化剂中乳化制得。
在一种实施方式中,所述乳化剂可以为卵磷脂;助乳化剂可选无水乙醇;所述油相为单硬脂酸甘油酯,水相为去离子水。
在一种实施方式中,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将卵磷脂和无水乙醇按1:1的比例加入到单硬脂酸甘油酯中,600-800rpm磁力搅拌混合均匀,再逐滴加入占W/O/W多重乳液体系总质量18%~20%的去离子水,当体系由澄清透明转变为浑浊时,制得W/O型初乳;其中卵磷脂为乳化剂、无水乙醇为助乳化剂,去离子水为内水相、单硬脂酸甘油酯为油相;
(2)按质量比为1:9,将Tween-80和Span-80加入到外水相中,600-800rpm磁力搅拌混合均匀,加入步骤(1)制备的W/O型初乳,乳化20~30min;随后经30MPa高压均质,10000rpm,3~5min,制成W/O/W型多重乳;
(3)将浓度为10~30mg/mL的海参多糖溶液加入至步骤(2)制备的多重乳的内水相中,使得最终制备的W/O/W多重乳中海参多糖的含量为1~2mg/mL。
本发明的第二个目的是提供应用所述包埋方法制备的海参多糖微球。
本发明的第三个目的是提供海参多糖或所述海参多糖微球在制备能够提高免疫力的功能性食品中的应用。
在一种实施方式中,所述功能性食品为重组鱼排。
在一种实施方式中,所述应用是通过3D打印的方法制备功能性重组鱼排。
在一种实施方式中,所述功能性重组鱼排以按质量计10~50%的鸡肉、0.5~1.5%的可食亲水胶体和6~10%的果蔬泥为原料,添加W/O/W型乳液包埋的海参多糖微球。
在一种实施方式中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1、原料预处理:取原料鱼在0~4℃条件下,洗净,取鱼肉;取新鲜鸡肉,剔除鸡皮和脂肪;
S2、原料粗粉碎:取步骤S1所得鱼肉置于直径3~9mm的绞肉机,在0~4℃条件下将鱼肉粉碎,得到碎鱼肉;将步骤S1所得鸡肉同样置于直径3~9mm的绞肉机中,在0~4℃下进行粉碎得到碎鸡肉;
S3、鱼肉的漂洗:取步骤S2所得碎鱼肉进行漂洗,加入3倍质量的冰水混合物,漂洗1次;之后用含2.5~5g/L的NaCl的漂洗液作二次漂洗,;每次漂洗时间控制在3~5min,温度控制在0~4℃;
S4、鱼肉的脱水:将步骤S3所得鱼肉脱水;所述脱水采用离心脱水法,在0~4℃下,2000~3000g离心脱水5~8min,得到粗鱼糜;
S5、鱼排原料的营养复配:取步骤S2所得碎鸡肉与步骤S4所得粗鱼糜,并加入果蔬泥进行营养复配得到原料混合物;其中鸡肉、鱼糜、果蔬泥的质量比为(1~5):(4~8.4):(0.6~1);
S6、斩拌:将步骤S5所述的混合物进行斩拌,所述斩拌分为空擂、盐擂、调味擂三个步骤;
空擂:将步骤S5所述的原料混合物置于0~4℃、斩拌4~6min,斩拌机转速为500~1000r/min,得原料混合物A;
盐擂:向所述原料混合物A中加入其质量1.5~2.5%的食盐,在0~4℃斩拌4~6min,斩拌机转速为500~1000r/min,得原料混合物B;
调味擂:向所述原料混合物B中加入其质量1%~1.5%的黄酒、1%~2%的白砂糖、0.5%~1%的味精、0.5%~1%的黑胡椒粉,在0~4℃斩拌3~5min,斩拌转速为500~1000r/min,得鱼泥;
S7、凝胶液的制备:所述凝胶液由卡拉胶、瓜尔胶和水组成;所述鱼泥和卡拉胶的质量比为1:0.3~0.5,所述鱼泥和瓜尔胶的质量比为1:0.2~0.8;所述水的添加量满足如下计算公式:
x=(B-A)×m÷(1-B);
式中:x为添加水的质量/g;m为步骤S6所述为鱼泥的质量/g;A为步骤S6中鱼泥的水分含量/%;B为步骤S7中鱼肉材料的水分含量/%;所述鱼肉材料根据3D打印的物料挤出要求和成型需求,挤出物料的水分含量为80%~83%之内为宜;所述水分含量均为质量百分含量;
S8、鱼肉材料的制备:向步骤S6所述的鱼泥中加入凝胶液,鱼泥与凝胶液的质量比为(4~8.4):(0.05~0.1);用斩拌机在0~4℃、500~1000r/min,斩拌4~6min,得鱼肉材料;
S9、功能因子的添加:将所述W/O/W型多重乳液包埋的海参多糖微球按照1~5%的比例加入到鱼泥中,得到鱼肉材料;
S10、3D打印:使用步骤S9制备的鱼肉材料作为3D打印原料进行打印,得具有立体形状的鱼排;
S11、定型:将步骤S10所述的具有立体形状的鱼糜于0-4℃静置20~30min,得定型鱼排;
S12、熟化:将步骤S11所述定型鱼排于40-50℃加热50~60min,再置于90~100℃水中加热20~25min,得鱼糜制品;采用二段加热法是为了使鱼糜慢慢地通过凝胶化的温度带以促进网状结构的形成,再使其快速通过凝胶劣化温度带以避免结构劣化。
在一种实施方式中,步骤S1所述原料鱼包括但不限于鲟鱼、鲤鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鳕鱼、草鱼、马鲛鱼中的一种或多种。
在一种实施方式中,步骤S5所述果蔬泥的制备方法为:
(1)选取新鲜、无腐烂的果蔬,果蔬包括但不仅限于:苹果,马铃薯,南瓜,番茄,香蕉,牛油果等;
(2)将果蔬去皮、去核后置入打浆机打浆粉碎;
(3)加入0.3~0.5%的盐搅拌均质后待用。
在一种实施方式中,步骤S7所述凝胶液的制备方法为:取卡拉胶、瓜尔胶和水混合,60~80℃加热至所述卡拉胶、瓜尔胶融化。
在一种实施方式中,步骤S10所述3D打印采用长兴时印科技有限公司型号为Foodbot-D2的3D打印机;具体步骤为:将所述鱼头材料导入到所述3D打印机的进料筒中,选择打印模型进行打印,设置喷嘴直径为0.8~1.5mm,打印速度为20~30mm/s,打印温度为20~25℃。
有益效果:
1、本发明通过W/O/W多重乳佐剂包埋海参多糖,将其作为功能因子添加至重组鱼排中,与采用W/O型或O/W型佐剂相比,兼具了W/O型佐剂和O/W型佐剂的优点,且有效的避免了两者的不足。W/O型佐剂扩散缓慢,易使抗原输送到二级淋巴器官的时间延长,不断刺激机体的免疫系统,从而产生续期长、抗体水平高的免疫效力,但是易使局部产生肉芽肿和炎症反应等现象,导致极大的副作用。O/W型佐剂易于被机体吸收,刺激缓和,但需多次注射使用,以加强免疫,极大的提升了制备成本。
2、本发明通过大量的探索和实验,获得了调控凝胶液中水的添加量的系统性方法,使水的添加量满足公式x=((B-A)*m)/(1-B);式中:x为添加水的质量/g;m为鱼泥的质量/g;A为鱼泥的水分含量/%;B为鱼肉材料的水分含量/%。可使凝胶液具有较为理想的粘度,使制备的鱼排弹性适中,口感更佳。
3、本发明添加了成本低廉的鸡肉于重组鱼排产品中,降低产品成本。另一方面,鸡胸肉富含胶原蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白,可作为原料来改善鱼糜产品的凝胶特性。且可通过调节鸡肉的添加量,使制备的重组鱼排具有鲜味更浓、腥味更少的特点。
附图说明
图1为将SARS-CoV-2病毒与不同浓度的海参多糖的混合处理后的细胞免疫荧光图;海参多糖的终浓度为500、250、125、62.5、31.3、15.6、7.8、3.9μg/mL;阴性对照为空白培养基。
图2为不同水分含量的重组鱼排静置20min后的形貌图;其中(A)为水分含量87%的重组鱼排;(B)为水分含量84%的重组鱼排;(C)为水分含量81%的重组鱼排;(D)为水分含量78%的重组鱼排;
图3为不同鸡肉含量制备的重组鱼排的感官评价结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1制备海参多糖的方法
将海参(刺参,Stichopus japonicus)洗净、水煮、沥干、剪成小块,然后冻干。将冻干样品置于4℃丙酮中浸泡24h,室温下晾干。以1g冻干样品为例,加入30mL 0.1mol/L乙酸钠缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)、100mg木瓜蛋白酶(比酶活2units/mg)、48mg乙二胺四乙酸和18mg半胱氨酸,涡旋混合,于60℃水浴振荡酶解24h,将反应混合物离心(6000g,15min,室温),取上清液。向上清液中加入1.6mL 10%氯化十六烷基吡啶溶液,室温下放置24h后,离心(8000g,15min,室温)取沉淀。将沉淀溶解于15mL 3mol/L NaCl-乙醇(100:15v/v)溶液中,再加入30mL 95%乙醇溶液,4℃放置24h,离心(8000g,15min,室温)取沉淀。将沉淀用10mL 80%乙醇洗2至3次后,再用10mL 95%乙醇洗2至3次,室温晾干,蒸馏水溶解,用透析袋(3500Da)进行除盐,冻干,得海参多糖。
本实施例还可以包括溶液配制、超纯水的制备等前处理步骤。
实施例2确定实施例1所制备的海参多糖的结构特性和组成
采用1H NMR进行海参多糖结构特性和纯度检测;
采用凝胶渗透色谱法进行海参多糖分子量检测;
采用明胶比浊法进行海参多糖硫酸根含量检测;
采用高效液相色谱+PMP衍生化法进行海参多糖单糖组成检测;
采用傅里叶红外进行海参多糖官能团检测。
结果表明,海参多糖含有岩藻聚糖硫酸酯和岩藻糖基化硫酸软骨素,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯分子量>670kDa,岩藻糖基化硫酸软骨素的分子量>179kDa;硫酸根含量为26-28%;岩藻糖、葡萄糖醛酸和氨基半乳糖的摩尔比为9:0.8:1。
实施例3使用假病毒模型评价海参多糖的抗新型冠状病毒的作用
将编码HCoV-19刺突蛋白的基因的全长序列克隆到pCAGGS载体用于假病毒的生产,构建得到的重组载体称为pCAGGS-HCoV-19-S。通过DNA测序确认pCAGGS-HCoV-19-S构建成功。将pCAGGS-HCoV-19-S和pNL4-3质粒共转染到HEK 293T细胞,培养48h后,收集含有SARS-CoV-2假病毒的上清液,并通过感染Huh7细胞确定假病毒的50%组织细胞感染量(TCID50)。
使用该SARS-CoV-2假病毒模型评价海参多糖的抗新型冠状病毒的作用,具体步骤如下:
(1)选择生长状态良好的Huh7细胞,胰酶消化后,96孔铺板,培养过夜,至18-24h时细胞达到80-100%;
(2)每孔100TCID50假病毒,与含有海参多糖的无血清培养基混合,混合后海参多糖的终浓度为0.01mg/mL、0.1mg/mL和1mg/mL,于37℃孵育30min。EK1肽作为阳性对照,空白无血清培养基作为阴性对照。
(3)以PBS洗涤Huh7细胞去除血清后,用3倍倍比稀释病毒与海参多糖的混合物并感染Huh7细胞,每个孔100μL,每个样品设置三个平行孔,4-6h后,补加含有5%FBS血清的培养基100μL。
(4)48h测定Luciferase值。参考Promega公司Luciferase Assay SystemProtocol或Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System Protocol。具体操作:倒扣96孔板,用PBS洗2遍,确保吸干PBS,然后加入30μL的裂解液,常温裂解30min,吸出10μL于白板上,底物50μL,测定Luciferase值,结果如下表1所示。
表1不同样品的Luciferase值
以上结果表明,海参多糖终浓度为0.1mg/mL和1mg/mL时,都能够有效的抑制SARS-CoV-2病毒进入细胞。而且由于所使用的模型为具有S蛋白的SARS-CoV-2假病毒,可以推出海参多糖的作用靶点为S蛋白。
实施例4海参多糖对duSARS-CoV-2真病毒的作用
SARS-CoV-2真病毒(来源于第二军医大学)和海参多糖用含有5%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基混匀,使海参多糖的终浓度为500、250、125、62.5、31.3、15.6、7.8、3.9μg/mL,37℃放置1小时,加入提前12小时接种Vero E6细胞的96孔板(加入以前吸除原细胞培养液),培养24小时,然后用免疫荧光检测病毒蛋白,DAPI染色细胞核。用免疫荧光显微镜观测了500、250、125、62.5、31.3、15.6、7.8、3.9μg/mL八个浓度梯度的海参多糖对病毒的抑制作用,结果如图1所示,在500~3.9μg/mL浓度范围内,海参多糖均能够显著抑制新冠病毒对细胞的感染。
实施例5多重W/O/W型乳包埋海参多糖
(1)将卵磷脂和无水乙醇按1:1的比例加入到单硬脂酸甘油酯中,600-800rpm磁力搅拌混合均匀,再缓慢逐滴滴加去离子水,使体系由澄清透明转变为浑浊,此时共加入约占W/O/W多重乳液体系质量18%~20%的去离子水,制备得W/O型初乳;其中卵磷脂为乳化剂、无水乙醇为助乳化剂,去离子水为内水相、单硬脂酸甘油酯为油相。
(2)将Tween-80和Span-80以1:9的质量比加入到外水相中,于600-800rpm磁力搅拌混合均匀,加入步骤(1)制备的W/O型初乳,乳化20~30min;随后经10000rpm、30MPa高压均质3~5min,制成W/O/W型多重乳。
(3)将实施例1制备的海参多糖配制成浓度为10~30mg/mL的海参多糖溶液,加入至内水相中,使得最终制备的W/O/W多重乳中海参多糖的含量为1~2mg/mL。
该包埋过程不会对海参多糖的结构造成破坏,因而包埋后的海参多糖具有与海参多糖自身相同的抗病毒效果。
实施例6重组鱼排的3D打印方法
依照GB 5009.3-2010《食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定》方法进行水分含量的测定和计算。
用长兴时印科技有限公司型号为Foodbot-D2的3D打印机,按照如下方法制备3D打印重组鱼排:
S1、预处理:取原料鱼在0~4℃条件下,洗净,取鱼肉;鱼肉可选用鲟鱼、鲤鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鳕鱼、草鱼、马鲛鱼中的一种或多种;
S2、粗粉碎:取步骤S1所得鱼肉置于直径3~9mm的绞肉机,在0~4℃条件下将鱼肉粉碎,得到碎鱼肉;将步骤S1所得鸡肉同样置于直径3~9mm的绞肉机中,在0~4℃下进行粉得到碎鸡肉;
S3、漂洗:取步骤S2所得碎鱼肉进行漂洗,加入3倍质量的冰水混合物,漂洗1次;之后用含2.5~5g/L的NaCl的漂洗液作二次漂洗,;每次漂洗时间控制在3~5min,温度控制在0~4℃;
S4、脱水:取步骤S3所得的鱼糜在0~4℃下,2000~3000g离心脱水5~8min,得粗鱼糜;
S5、鱼排原料的营养复配:选取新鲜、无腐烂的果蔬,例如苹果,马铃薯,南瓜,番茄,香蕉,牛油果中的一种或多种,去皮、去核后置入打浆机打浆粉碎,再加入果蔬质量0.3~0.5%的盐搅拌均质后制得果蔬泥;取步骤S2所得碎鸡肉与步骤S4所得粗鱼糜,并加入果蔬泥进行营养复配得到原料混合物;其中鸡肉、鱼糜、果蔬泥的质量比为(1~5):(4~8.4):(0.6~1);
S6、斩拌:将步骤S5所述的混合物进行斩拌,所述斩拌分为空擂、盐擂、调味擂三个步骤;
空擂:将步骤S5所述的原料混合物置于0~4℃、斩拌4~6min,斩拌机转速为500~1000r/min,得原料混合物A;
盐擂:向所述原料混合物A中加入其质量1.5~2.5%的食盐,在0~4℃斩拌4~6min,斩拌机转速为500~1000r/min,得原料混合物B;
调味擂:向所述原料混合物B中加入其质量1%~1.5%的黄酒、1%~2%的白砂糖、0.5%~1%的味精、0.5%~1%的黑胡椒粉,在0~4℃斩拌3~5min,斩拌转速为500~1000r/min,得鱼泥;
S7、凝胶液和鱼肉材料的制备:将卡拉胶和瓜尔胶以(0.3~0.5):(0.2~0.8)的比例混合,加入水,于60~80℃加热至所述卡拉胶、瓜尔胶融化,制得凝胶液;所述水的添加量计算公式如下:
x=(B-A)*m/(1-B);
式中:x为添加水的质量/g;m为步骤S6所述鱼泥的质量/g;A为步骤S6中鱼泥的水分含量/%;B为步骤S7中鱼肉材料的水分含量/%,所述鱼肉材料根据3D打印的物料挤出和成型需求其中分含量在80%~83%之内为宜;
S8、向步骤S6所述的鱼泥中加入凝胶液,鱼泥与凝胶液的质量比为(4~8.4):(0.05~0.1);并用斩拌机斩拌,在0~4℃、500~1000r/min,斩拌4~6min,得鱼肉材料;
S9、功能因子的添加:将所述纳微米级的W/O/W型乳液包埋的海参多糖微球按照1~5%的添加量加入到鱼泥中,得到鱼肉材料;
S10、3D打印:使用S9制备的鱼肉材料作为3D打印原料,进行打印,得具有立体形状的鱼排;
S11、定型:将步骤S10所述的具有立体形状的鱼糜于0-4℃、静置20~30min,得定型鱼糜;
S12、熟化:将步骤S11所述定型鱼糜于40-50℃加热50~60min,再置于90~100℃水中加热20~25min,得鱼糜制品;采用二段加热法是为了使鱼糜慢慢地通过凝胶化的温度带以促进网状结构的形成,再使其快速通过凝胶劣化温度带以避免结构劣化。
实施例7调控凝胶液的水分含量制备重组鱼排
按照实施例6的方法,区别在于,S7中水的添加量分别调整为87%、84%、81%、78%,制备的重组鱼排通过3D打印后静置20min的形态如图2所示,水分含量过多的3D打印材料不能保持良好的形状,结构松散、塌陷。水分含量过少的打印材料,挤出困难、不顺滑,打印后的形状不光滑,外观上颗粒感强。将水分含量控制在80%~83%之间,尤其是81%时,能保持3D打印的重组鱼排具备良好的形状,且外观边界明显且光滑。
实施例8调控鸡肉的添加量制备重组鱼排
按照实施例6的方法,区别在于,S5中鸡肉的添加量分别调整为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%。对制备获得的重组鱼排的感官特性进行测试。
在测试之前,熟化后的样品要预先平衡到室温,贴上3位编码,切成1×1×1cm的方块,5分钟内食用。选取20名具有感官评定经验的专业技术人员,在独立无其他影响因素的环境中对重组鱼排感官进行评分,在评估每个样本后漱口。评分范围1~5分,分别对不同鸡肉含量下鱼排的颜色、气味、味道、质地、外观进行评价。分数越高,代表感官品质越好。
由图3可知,40%为较为适宜的鸡肉添加比例。改添加量下制备的重组鱼排的颜色、外观、质地、味道、气味都较为适宜。由于鸡肉中的风味分子含量较高,如谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸等可提供鲜味,提高混合产品的整体风味。当鸡肉的添加量较低时,制备的重组鱼排硬度、咀嚼性、弹性较差,口感一般,当鸡肉添加量为40%时,口感适中。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备海参多糖微球的方法,其特征在于,用W/O/W型多重乳包埋海参多糖;所述W/O/W型乳液是将亲油性乳化剂溶于油相中制成W/O型乳液,再将W/O型乳液在含有亲水性乳化剂中乳化制得;
所述乳化剂为卵磷脂;所述油相为单硬脂酸甘油酯。
2.应用权利要求1所述方法制备的海参多糖微球。
3.海参多糖或权利要求2所述的海参多糖微球在制备功能性食品中的应用。
4.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述功能性食品为功能性鱼肉加工食品。
5.一种3D打印制备重组鱼排的方法,其特征在于,以鱼肉、鸡肉、果蔬泥和权利要求3所述的海参多糖为原料,通过3D打印的方法制备功能性重组鱼排。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、原料预处理:取原料鱼在0~4℃条件下,洗净,取鱼肉;取原料鸡肉,去鸡皮;
S2、原料粗粉碎:取步骤S1所得鱼肉粉碎,得到碎鱼肉;将步骤S1所得鸡肉粉碎得到碎鸡肉;
S3、鱼肉的漂洗:将步骤S2所得的碎鱼肉分别用水和盐水漂洗;
S4、鱼肉的脱水:将步骤S3漂洗后的鱼肉脱水,得到粗鱼糜;
S5、鱼排原料的营养复配:将步骤S2所得碎鸡肉、步骤S4所得粗鱼糜和果蔬泥按质量比(1~5):(4~8.4):(0.6~1)进行营养复配,得到原料混合物;
S6、斩拌:将步骤S5所述的混合物进行斩拌,所述斩拌分为空擂、盐擂、调味擂三个步骤;
空擂:将步骤S5所述的原料混合物置于0~4℃、斩拌4~6min,斩拌机转速为500~1000r/min,得原料混合物A;
盐擂:向所述原料混合物A中加入其质量1.5~2.5%的食盐,在0~4℃斩拌4~6min,斩拌机转速为500~1000r/min,得原料混合物B;
调味擂:向所述原料混合物B中加入其质量1%~1.5%的黄酒、1%~2%的白砂糖、0.5%~1%的味精、0.5%~1%的黑胡椒粉,在0~4℃斩拌3~5min,斩拌转速为500~1000r/min,得鱼泥;
S7、凝胶液的制备:将卡拉胶和瓜尔胶以(0.3~0.5):(0.2~0.8)的比例混合,加入水,于60~80℃加热至所述卡拉胶、瓜尔胶融化;
S8、鱼肉材料的制备:向步骤S6所述的鱼泥中加入凝胶液,鱼泥与凝胶液的质量比为(4~8.4):(0.05~0.1);用斩拌机在0~4℃、500~1000r/min,斩拌4~6min,得鱼肉材料;
S9、功能因子的添加:向鱼泥中加入1~5%权利要求2所述的海参多糖微球,得到鱼肉材料;
S10、3D打印:使用步骤S9制备的鱼肉材料作为3D打印原料,在20~25℃进行打印,得具有立体形状的鱼排。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S10后还包括定型和/或熟化;
所述定型是将步骤S10所述的具有立体形状的鱼排于0-4℃静置20~30min,得定型鱼排;
所述熟化是将所述鱼排或定型鱼排于40-50℃加热50~60min,再置于90~100℃水中加热20~25min。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S7中水的添加量满足如下计算公式:
x=(B-A)×m÷(1-B);
式中:x为添加水的质量/g;m为步骤S6所述为鱼泥的质量/g;A为步骤S6中鱼泥的水分含量/%;B为步骤S7中鱼肉材料的水分含量/%。
9.根据权利要求5~8任一所述的方法,其特征在于,原料鱼包括但不限于鲟鱼、鲤鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鳕鱼、草鱼、马鲛鱼中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S5所述果蔬泥的制备方法为:
(1)挑选新鲜、无腐烂的果蔬;果蔬包括但不仅限于:苹果,马铃薯,南瓜,番茄,香蕉,牛油果中的一种或多种;
(2)将果蔬去皮、去核后置入打浆机打浆粉碎;
(3)加入0.3~0.5%的盐搅拌均质,制得果蔬泥。
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