CN111788980A - Overwintering and cold-proof method for peach trees in moist soil of Yanqi basin - Google Patents
Overwintering and cold-proof method for peach trees in moist soil of Yanqi basin Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
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- A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
Abstract
The invention provides an overwintering cold-proof method for peach trees in the moist soil zone of Yanqi basin, which comprises the following steps: carrying out foliar spray treatment on the peach trees 5-7 days before the flowering of the peach trees in the first ten days of 4 months for 1 time by using a compound medicament, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer to soil at the beginning of 7 months, controlling the water content of the soil to be 50-55%, applying the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and the bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer to the soil again at the bottom of 7 months, controlling the water content of the soil to be 40-45%, spraying a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer to the leaves, applying a high-potassium fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer to the soil in the middle and ten days of 8 months, controlling the water content of the soil to be 40-45%, spraying the monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer to the leaves, digging pits at the beginning of 9 months, spraying the monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer, covering soil for the trunks of the peach trees in the middle and ten days of 10 months, spraying the compound foliar fertilizer to the leaves, and irrigating in winter at the bottom of 10 months. The survival rate of overwintering peach trees in the Yanqi basin moisture soil zone reaches 90-95 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peach tree cultivation, and particularly relates to an overwintering and cold-proof method for peach trees in moist soil in Yanqi basin.
Background
The Yan basin Yan area of the state of the Xinjiang is located in the northwest inland, has typical oasis climate in arid regions, is slightly influenced by ocean monsoon, has prominent continental climate, is cold in winter and hot in summer, and has great change of temperature and season. The situation of high water level is caused by the adjacent bosteng lake, and the forest and fruit industry development is always hindered by the failure of normal overwintering by the high water level and is slow in development.
At present, the Yanqi basin peach tree mainly adopts a 'natural immunity' method for overwintering, and the requirement of base construction on supporting matching technology cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an overwintering cold-proof method for the peaches in the moist soil zone of the Yanqi basin, aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the survival rate of the peaches in the moist soil zone of the Yanqi basin after overwintering reaches 90-95%.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an overwintering cold-proof method for peach trees in the moist soil of an Yanqi basin comprises the following steps:
s1, measures for preventing late spring coldness in spring: spraying the leaf surfaces of the peach trees for 1 time by using the compound medicament 5-7 days before the peach trees bloom in the last ten days of 4 months; the compound medicament is mixed liquid of 5000 times liquid of 0.136 percent gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times liquid of 1.4 percent compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution and 1000 times liquid of 98 percent monopotassium phosphate; the 0.136% gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder contains 0.135% gibberellic acid and 0.0005% indoleacetic acid by mass;
the compound agent can ensure that peach seedlings grow on the ground and underground in proportion, promote weak seedlings to become strong seedlings, accelerate the growth and development of the seedlings and strengthen the tree vigor;
s2, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram into soil at the beginning of 7 months, and performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 50-55%; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively;
the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is applied at the stage, mainly has the effects of controlling carbohydrate metabolism and sugar transportation in the peach trees, so that the disease resistance, stress resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and other capabilities of the peach trees are improved, and a small amount of N content in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is beneficial to promoting flower bud differentiation and providing nutrient substances necessary for the growth of the peach trees; the water content of the soil is controlled to be 50-55 percent, which mainly controls the water content of the tree body, so that the branches are fully mature, and the cold resistance is improved; the excessive water content can reduce the lignification degree of the peach trees, and is not beneficial to overwintering and cold protection in the later period;
s3, at the end of 7 months, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram to the soil again, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 40-45%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively;
the water content of the soil is controlled to be 40-45% in the stage, so that the tree vigor is enhanced, the water content of tree body cells is reduced, and the cold-proof overwintering capability is improved;
s4, in 8 middle-month, applying a high-potassium fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores/gram into the soil, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 40-45%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 25%, and the content of potassium oxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 40%;
the water content of the soil is controlled to be 40-45% in the stage, so that the tree vigor is enhanced, the water content of tree body cells is reduced, and the cold-proof overwintering capability is improved; the application of the high-potassium fertilizer at the stage is favorable for promoting the coloring of fruits, but no N is added in the high-potassium fertilizer at the moment, and the excessive nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the lignification degree of the peach trees and can cause the excessive growth of branches, so that the absorption of N is limited at the stage, and the N content in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer applied at the early stage can meet the requirement of the growth of the peach trees, so that the high-potassium fertilizer is applied in the middle ten days of 8 months to control the supplement of N, the lignification degree of the peach trees is favorably improved, and the winter protection is favorably realized;
s5, respectively digging pits at the position 50cm away from the trunk of the peach tree in the symmetrical direction by taking the trunk of the peach tree as the center at the beginning of 9 months, filling farmyard manure into the pits until the pit depth reaches 3/4, then watering for 20 days, sealing the pits filled with the farmyard manure, and then spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces; the farmyard manure is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in percentage by mass through EM (effective microorganisms): 20% of sheep manure, 20% of chicken manure, 20% of pig manure and the balance of silage corn stalk powder;
topdressing is carried out at the beginning of 9 months, and the topdressing cannot be carried out in advance, otherwise, the autumn tips grow too fast, the nutrition of tree bodies is consumed, the freezing injury harm degree in winter is increased, and the quality of flower buds in the second year is influenced;
s6, soil covering is carried out on the peach tree trunk in 10-month middle ten days, the soil covering height is 30cm, and then compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces; the compound foliar fertilizer is a mixed solution of 1000 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate, 5000 times of solution of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of solution of glucose;
the temperature around the trunk can be effectively raised at the part where the peach trunk is covered with soil, and the degree of damage caused by freezing injury is reduced;
s7, performing winter irrigation at the bottom of 10 months; the winter irrigation has obvious cold-proof and seedling-keeping effects, and according to determination, the ground temperature can be increased by 2-3 ℃ after the winter irrigation, the day and night temperature difference can be reduced by 40%, the ground temperature is stabilized, and soil is compacted.
Preferably, in the composite chemical described in S1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution of 5000 times liquid of 0.136% gibberellic acid/indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times liquid of 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution and 1000 times liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1:1: 1.
Preferably, the application amount of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer in S2 and S3 is 5 kg/mu;
preferably, the application amount of the bacillus biological bacterial manure in S2-S4 is 10 kilograms/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the high-potassium fertilizer in S4 is 10 kilograms/acre.
Preferably, the pits described in S5 each have a length, width, and depth of 40 cm.
Preferably, the volume ratio of 1000 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate, 5000 times of solution of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of solution of glucose in the compound foliar fertilizer in S6 is 1:1: 1.
Preferably, the method for winter irrigation in S7 is: adopts a flood irrigation method, the irrigation quantity is 70m3Per mu-100 m3Per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the requirements of peach trees on fertilizer water in different growth periods and combined with the requirements of overwintering and cold protection on the trees in winter, the method reduces excessive nutrition supply to the trees, slows down the nutrition growth, improves the lignification degree of the trees and enhances the cold resistance of the trees in winter while meeting the necessary nutrition for the growth of the trees, and the survival rate of the peach trees in the moist soil zone of the basin is up to 90-95 percent after overwintering.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The overwintering and cold-proof method for peach trees in the moist soil of the Yanqi basin in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, measures for preventing late spring coldness in spring: spraying the leaf surface of the peach tree with a compound medicament for 1 time 5 days before the peach tree blooms in the last ten days of 4 months; the compound medicament is mixed liquid of 5000 times liquid of 0.136 percent gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times liquid of 1.4 percent compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution and 1000 times liquid of 98 percent monopotassium phosphate; the 0.136% gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder contains 0.135% gibberellic acid and 0.0005% indoleacetic acid by mass; the volume ratio of mixed liquid of 5000 times liquid of 0.136 percent gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times liquid of 1.4 percent compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution and 1000 times liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the compound medicament is 1:1: 1;
the compound agent can ensure that peach seedlings grow on the ground and underground in proportion, promote weak seedlings to become strong seedlings, accelerate the growth and development of the seedlings and strengthen the tree vigor;
s2, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram into soil at the beginning of 7 months, and performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 50%; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively; the application amount of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 5 kilograms per mu; the application amount of the bacillus biological bacterial manure is 10 kilograms per mu;
the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is applied at the stage, mainly has the effects of controlling carbohydrate metabolism and sugar transportation in the peach trees, so that the disease resistance, stress resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and other capabilities of the peach trees are improved, and a small amount of N content in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is beneficial to promoting flower bud differentiation and providing nutrient substances necessary for the growth of the peach trees; the soil water content is mainly controlled to ensure that the branches are fully mature and the cold resistance is improved; the excessive water content can reduce the lignification degree of the peach trees, and is not beneficial to overwintering and cold protection in the later period;
s3, at the end of 7 months, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram to the soil again, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 40%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively; the application amount of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 5 kilograms per mu; the application amount of the bacillus biological bacterial manure is 10 kilograms per mu;
the purpose of controlling the water content of the soil at this stage is to strengthen the tree vigor, reduce the water content of tree body cells and improve the cold-proof and overwintering capacity;
s4, in 8 middle-late-month, applying a high-potassium fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores/gram into the soil, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 40%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 25%, and the content of potassium oxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 40%; the application amount of the high-potassium fertilizer is 10 kilograms per mu; the application amount of the bacillus biological bacterial manure is 10 kilograms per mu;
the purpose of controlling the water content of the soil at this stage is to strengthen the tree vigor, reduce the water content of tree body cells and improve the cold-proof and overwintering capacity; the application of the high-potassium fertilizer at the stage is favorable for promoting the coloring of fruits, but no N is added in the high-potassium fertilizer at the moment, and the excessive nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the lignification degree of the peach trees and can cause the excessive growth of branches, so that the absorption of N is limited at the stage, and the N content in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer applied at the early stage can meet the requirement of the growth of the peach trees, so that the high-potassium fertilizer is applied in the middle ten days of 8 months to control the supplement of N, the lignification degree of the peach trees is favorably improved, and the winter protection is favorably realized;
s5, respectively digging pits at the position 50cm away from the trunk of the peach tree in the symmetrical direction by taking the trunk of the peach tree as the center at the beginning of 9 months, filling farmyard manure into the pits until the pit depth reaches 3/4, then watering for 20 days, sealing the pits filled with the farmyard manure, and then spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces; the farmyard manure is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in percentage by mass through EM (effective microorganisms): 20% of sheep manure, 20% of chicken manure, 20% of pig manure and the balance of silage corn stalk powder; the length, the width and the depth of the pit are all 40 cm;
topdressing is carried out at the beginning of 9 months, and the topdressing cannot be carried out in advance, otherwise, the autumn tips grow too fast, the nutrition of tree bodies is consumed, the freezing injury harm degree in winter is increased, and the quality of flower buds in the second year is influenced;
s6, soil covering is carried out on the peach tree trunk in 10-month middle ten days, the soil covering height is 30cm, and then compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces; the compound foliar fertilizer is a mixed solution of 1000 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate, 5000 times of solution of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of solution of glucose; the volume ratio of 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate liquid, 5000 times of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of glucose liquid in the compound foliar fertilizer is 1:1: 1;
the temperature around the trunk can be effectively raised at the part where the peach trunk is covered with soil, and the degree of damage caused by freezing injury is reduced;
s7, performing winter irrigation at the bottom of 10 months; the winter irrigation method comprises the following steps: adopts a flood irrigation method, the irrigation quantity is 70m3Per mu; the winter irrigation has obvious cold-proof and seedling-keeping effects, and according to determination, the ground temperature can be increased by 2-3 ℃ after the winter irrigation, the day and night temperature difference can be reduced by 40%, the ground temperature is stabilized, and soil is compacted.
The survival rate of peach trees in the Yanqi basin moisture soil zone reaches 95% in the second 4 months.
Example 2
The overwintering and cold-proof method for peach trees in the moist soil of the Yanqi basin in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, measures for preventing late spring coldness in spring: spraying the leaf surface of the peach tree with a compound medicament for 1 time 7 days before the peach tree blooms in the last ten days of 4 months; the compound medicament is mixed liquid of 5000 times liquid of 0.136 percent gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times liquid of 1.4 percent compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution and 1000 times liquid of 98 percent monopotassium phosphate; the 0.136% gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder contains 0.135% gibberellic acid and 0.0005% indoleacetic acid by mass; the volume ratio of mixed liquid of 5000 times liquid of 0.136 percent gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times liquid of 1.4 percent compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution and 1000 times liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the compound medicament is 1:1: 1;
the compound agent can ensure that peach seedlings grow on the ground and underground in proportion, promote weak seedlings to become strong seedlings, accelerate the growth and development of the seedlings and strengthen the tree vigor;
s2, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram into soil at the beginning of 7 months, and performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 55%; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively; the application amount of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 5 kilograms per mu; the application amount of the bacillus biological bacterial manure is 10 kilograms per mu;
the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is applied at the stage, mainly has the effects of controlling carbohydrate metabolism and sugar transportation in the peach trees, so that the disease resistance, stress resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and other capabilities of the peach trees are improved, and a small amount of N content in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is beneficial to promoting flower bud differentiation and providing nutrient substances necessary for the growth of the peach trees; the soil water content is mainly controlled to ensure that the branches are fully mature and the cold resistance is improved; the excessive water content can reduce the lignification degree of the peach trees, and is not beneficial to overwintering and cold protection in the later period;
s3, at the end of 7 months, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram to the soil again, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 45%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively; the application amount of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 5 kilograms per mu; the application amount of the bacillus biological bacterial manure is 10 kilograms per mu;
the purpose of controlling the water content of the soil at this stage is to strengthen the tree vigor, reduce the water content of tree body cells and improve the cold-proof and overwintering capacity;
s4, in 8 middle-late-month, applying a high-potassium fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores/gram into the soil, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 45%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 25%, and the content of potassium oxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 40%; the application amount of the high-potassium fertilizer is 10 kilograms per mu; the application amount of the bacillus biological bacterial manure is 10 kilograms per mu;
the purpose of controlling the water content of the soil at this stage is to strengthen the tree vigor, reduce the water content of tree body cells and improve the cold-proof and overwintering capacity; the application of the high-potassium fertilizer at the stage is favorable for promoting the coloring of fruits, but no N is added in the high-potassium fertilizer at the moment, and the excessive nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the lignification degree of the peach trees and can cause the excessive growth of branches, so that the absorption of N is limited at the stage, and the N content in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer applied at the early stage can meet the requirement of the growth of the peach trees, so that the high-potassium fertilizer is applied in the middle ten days of 8 months to control the supplement of N, the lignification degree of the peach trees is favorably improved, and the winter protection is favorably realized;
s5, respectively digging pits at the position 50cm away from the trunk of the peach tree in the symmetrical direction by taking the trunk of the peach tree as the center at the beginning of 9 months, filling farmyard manure into the pits until the pit depth reaches 3/4, then watering for 20 days, sealing the pits filled with the farmyard manure, and then spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces; the farmyard manure is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in percentage by mass through EM (effective microorganisms): 20% of sheep manure, 20% of chicken manure, 20% of pig manure and the balance of silage corn stalk powder; the length, the width and the depth of the pit are all 40 cm;
topdressing is carried out at the beginning of 9 months, and the topdressing cannot be carried out in advance, otherwise, the autumn tips grow too fast, the nutrition of tree bodies is consumed, the freezing injury harm degree in winter is increased, and the quality of flower buds in the second year is influenced;
s6, soil covering is carried out on the peach tree trunk in 10-month middle ten days, the soil covering height is 30cm, and then compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces; the compound foliar fertilizer is a mixed solution of 1000 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate, 5000 times of solution of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of solution of glucose; the volume ratio of 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate liquid, 5000 times of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of glucose liquid in the compound foliar fertilizer is 1:1: 1;
the temperature around the trunk can be effectively raised at the part where the peach trunk is covered with soil, and the degree of damage caused by freezing injury is reduced;
s7, performing winter irrigation at the bottom of 10 months; the winter irrigation method comprises the following steps: adopts a flood irrigation method, the irrigation quantity is 100m3Per mu; the winter irrigation has obvious cold-proof and seedling-keeping functions, and according to the determination, the ground temperature can be raised by 2-3 ℃ after the winter irrigation, the day and night temperature difference can be reduced by 40%, the ground temperature is stabilized,and (5) compacting the soil.
The survival rate of peach trees in the Yanqi basin moisture soil zone in the second year in the 4 th month is more than 95%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A overwintering cold-proof method for peach trees in the moist soil of an Yanqi basin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measures for preventing late spring coldness in spring: spraying the leaf surfaces of the peach trees for 1 time by using the compound medicament 5-7 days before the peach trees bloom in the last ten days of 4 months; the compound medicament is mixed liquid of 5000 times liquid of 0.136 percent gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times liquid of 1.4 percent compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution and 1000 times liquid of 98 percent monopotassium phosphate; the 0.136% gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder contains 0.135% gibberellic acid and 0.0005% indoleacetic acid by mass;
s2, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram into soil at the beginning of 7 months, and performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 50-55%; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively;
s3, at the end of 7 months, applying a high-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores per gram to the soil again, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 40-45%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of P, N and K in the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively;
s4, in 8 middle-month, applying a high-potassium fertilizer and a bacillus biological bacterial fertilizer with the content of 5 hundred million spores/gram into the soil, performing water control treatment to control the water content of the soil to be 40-45%, and spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces; the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 25%, and the content of potassium oxide in the high-potassium fertilizer is 40%;
s5, respectively digging pits at the position 50cm away from the trunk of the peach tree in the symmetrical direction by taking the trunk of the peach tree as the center at the beginning of 9 months, filling farmyard manure into the pits until the pit depth reaches 3/4, then watering for 20 days, sealing the pits filled with the farmyard manure, and then spraying 2000 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces; the farmyard manure is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in percentage by mass through EM (effective microorganisms): 20% of sheep manure, 20% of chicken manure, 20% of pig manure and the balance of silage corn stalk powder;
s6, soil covering is carried out on the peach tree trunk in 10-month middle ten days, the soil covering height is 30cm, and then compound foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces; the compound foliar fertilizer is a mixed solution of 1000 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate, 5000 times of solution of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of solution of glucose;
s7, performing winter irrigation at the bottom of 10 months.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of the mixture of 5000 times of the 0.136% gibberellic acid-indoleacetic acid wettable powder, 5000 times of the 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate solution and 1000 times of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the compound preparation of S1 is 1:1: 1.
3. The overwintering and cold-proof method of the peach trees in the moist soil zone of the Yanqi basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer in S2 and S3 is 5 kg/mu.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of bacillus biofertilizer applied in S2-S4 is 10 kg/mu.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the high potash fertilizer applied in S4 is 10 kg/mu.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the length, width and depth of the hole in S5 are 40 cm.
7. The overwintering cold-proof method of the peach tree in the moist soil zone of the Yanqi basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate solution, 5000 times of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution and 625 times of glucose solution in the compound foliar fertilizer in S6 is 1:1: 1.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the winter proofing method in S7 comprises: adopts a flood irrigation method, the irrigation quantity is 70m3Per mu-100 m3Per mu.
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